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中国水土保持研究回顾 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as “the No. 1 killer“ to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss.Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China. 相似文献
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以中国生态系统研究网络CERN长武王东沟实验站的坡耕地和塬耕地为供试土壤,研究了黄土高原沟壑塬区旱耕地原状土壤氮素迁移和时空变异。结果表明:耕作土壤NO3--N为23.1~33.8 mg/kg,NH4+-N为0.23~0.50mg/kg,DOC为9.17~13.38 mg/kg,P为0.18~0.23 mg/kg;坡耕地和塬耕地的NO3--N和NH4+-N主要集中在0~20 cm的上层土壤,中下层土壤NO3--N和NH4+-N起源于上层淋溶迁移和累积;高含量时养分淋溶溶出呈指数衰减型;NO3--N、NH4+-N、DOC向下层的迁移塬耕地慢于坡耕地。 相似文献
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Serious soil erosion has already resulted in degradation of the Loess Plateau of China. Soil erosion is commonly accompanied by extensive soil nutrient loss. Because of enrichment processes,sediment nutrient content is often higher than that of natural soil. The objective of this study is to determine the enrichments of organic matter and total nitrogen in sediment in hilly and gully loess areas on the Loess Plateau of China. Measurements of enrichment ratios (ER) of organic matter (EROM) and total nitrogen (ERTN) in sediment as affected by rainfall, slope gradient, tillage, and fertilization were made in the field under natural rainfall conditions. The results showed that the enrichment of clay in sediment resulted in the enrichment of organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen(TN) in sediment. The averages of sediment clay ER, EROM and ERTN for the various slope gradients were 1.77, 2.09 and 1.61, respectively. The soil erosive module was negatively correlated with EROM and ERTN. Our results indicate that measures to reduce soil erosion, i.e. reducing rainfall erosivity, decreasing soil slope gradient, decreasing fertilizer use, and using level trenches, may increase EROM and ERTN. Both quantity and quality of sediment yield should be considered when implementing erosion control measures. 相似文献
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半干旱地区播前灌溉和地膜覆盖对春小麦产量形成的影响 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13
两年大田试验研究了播前灌溉和地膜覆盖对春小麦产量形成及水分利用的影响。试验设4个处理, 对照(CK)、播种前灌水30mm(W), 覆膜60d(M)和播种前灌水30mm加覆膜60d(WM)。结果表明, 播前灌溉后土壤水分状况得到明显改善, 但由于土壤温度显著下降, 播前灌水会影响春小麦苗期的干物质积累。地膜覆盖在作物生育前期可以改善土壤水温条件, 促进干物质积累, 在后期则会导致土壤水分状况恶化, 导致收获指数的下降, 影响产量的形成和水分利用。在春小麦生产中将播前灌溉与地膜覆盖相结合: 一方面可以在作物出苗时及苗期改善土壤水温条件, 促进作物生长发育; 另一方面在产量形成的关键时期可以通过更好的水分条件去除覆膜的负效, 获得产量和水分利用效率的显著提高。 相似文献
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