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1.
Arzu Çöltekin Rebecca Francelet Kai-Florian Richter John Thoresen Sara Irina Fabrikant 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(4):339-353
We report on how visual realism might influence map-based route learning performance in a controlled laboratory experiment with 104 male participants in a competitive context. Using animations of a dot moving through routes of interest, we find that participants recall the routes more accurately with abstract road maps than with more realistic satellite maps. We also find that, irrespective of visual realism, participants with higher spatial abilities (high-spatial participants) are more accurate in memorizing map-based routes than participants with lower spatial abilities (low-spatial participants). On the other hand, added visual realism limits high-spatial participants in their route recall speed, while it seems not to influence the recall speed of low-spatial participants. Competition affects participants’ overall confidence positively, but does not affect their route recall performance neither in terms of accuracy nor speed. With this study, we provide further empirical evidence demonstrating that it is important to choose the appropriate map type considering task characteristics and spatial abilities. While satellite maps might be perceived as more fun to use, or visually more attractive than road maps, they also require more cognitive resources for many map-based tasks, which is true even for high-spatial users. 相似文献
2.
This study aims at determining the spatiotemporal change in urban areas by using multi-temporal satellite images with geographic information systems integration. In this study, the city of Erzincan was selected as the sample case. The analyses of change were conducted by using the optical satellite images from LANSAT TM dated 1987 and the LANDSAT ETM+ dated 2006, besides the night images from 1998, 2006 and 2010. Spatial change maps were created for the qualitative analysis, and change matrixes were formed for the quantitative assessment of these changes. The outcomes of these change analyses were then evaluated and interpreted in the light of the demographics of the population living in the area. The results obtained from the Landsat satellite images indicate that the area of the city expanded at the annual average rate of 1.65% in 1987–2006. Night images indicate that the city area grew at an annual average rate of 4.04% in 1998–2006, while this rate was 20.28% in the period of 2006–2010. The results of the study demonstrate that the usability and contribution of satellite images is quite significant in tracking and monitoring temporal and spatial change in the area. 相似文献
3.
Mass wasting at continental margins on a global scale during the Middle Ordovician has recently been related to high meteorite influx. Although a high meteorite influx during the Ordovician should not be neglected, we challenge the idea that mass wasting was mainly produced by meteorite impacts over a period of almost 10 Ma. Having strong arguments against the impact-related hypothesis, we propose an alternative explanation, which is based on a re-evaluation of the mass wasting sites, considering their plate-tectonic distribution and the global sea level curve. A striking and important feature is the distribution of most of the mass wasting sites along continental margins characterised by periods of magmatism, terrane accretion and continental or back-arc rifting, respectively, related to subduction of oceanic lithosphere. Such processes are commonly connected with seismic activity causing earthquakes, which can cause downslope movement of sediment and rock. Considering all that, it seems more likely that most of this mass wasting was triggered by earthquakes related to plate-tectonic processes, which caused destabilisation of continental margins resulting in megabreccias and debris flows. Moreover, the period of mass wasting coincides with sea level drops during global sea level lowstand. In some cases, sea level drops can release pore-water overpressure reducing sediment strength and hence promoting instability of sediment at continental margins. Reduced pore-water overpressure can also destabilise gas hydrate-bearing sediment, causing slope failure, and thus resulting in submarine mass wasting. Overall, the global mass wasting during the Middle Ordovician does not need meteoritic trigger. 相似文献
4.
Doğan Bülent Aşci Metin Karakaş Ahmet Pekşen Ertan Erener Arzu Çepni Murat Selim Yavuzyilmaz Selin Alahmad Mohammad Sertçelik Fadime Sertçelik İbrahim Kurtuluş Cengiz 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(2):1675-1716
Natural Hazards - The Northern Branch of the North Anatolian Fault System controls and deforms the Izmit Basin and the Sapanca Lake Basin in the study area. Unlike the Sapanca Lake Basin, the... 相似文献
5.
Soil and water pollution derived from anthropogenic activities in the Porsuk River Basin, Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study aims to investigate the degree of the influence of contaminant sources on both the surface (Porsuk River) and groundwater
in the Eskisehir plain, (Turkey) and to determine the changes in groundwater quality after the sewage system was started in
1998. For this purpose surface and groundwater samples were collected from various locations in the Eskisehir plain between
May and October, 2001. The Porsuk River is already polluted in the upstream wastewater and by industries such as Nitrogen
Fertilizer Factory, Sugar-beet Factory, and Magnesite Factory located around the city of Kutahya. This high-contaminated water
forms an eutrophic environment which generates high phosphorus and nitrogen in downstream flow. Agricultural and industrial
activities in the Eskisehir plain are an additional source of the pollution of the Porsuk River. The study revealed that some
trace elements, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Cd, are present in high concentrations both in the surface and groundwater besides extremely
high quantities of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfide compounds. In addition, analyses of samples also indicated that there
are no considerable contaminations in terms of local pesticides. High concentration of Cd, N and S are found in the groundwater.
On the basis of a detailed analysis of the groundwater in the Eskisehir plain, it is concluded that groundwater is not suitable
for drinking according to Turkish standards, European Union Standards (EU) and World Health Organization (WHO).
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
6.
Hydrogeochemistry,environmental isotopes and the origin of the Hamamayagi-Ladik thermal spring (Samsun,Turkey) 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Hamamayagi thermal spring (HTS) is located along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The thermal spring has a temperature of 36°C,
with total dissolved solids ranging from 485.6 to 508.5 mg/L. Hard, brittle, and gray limestones Permian aged are the reservoir
rocks of the HTS. δ18O–δ2H isotope ratios clearly indicate a meteoric origin for the waters. The δ34S value of sulfate in the thermal water is nearly 4.1‰ and implies a diagenetic environment characterized by reduced sulfur
compounds. The δ13C ratio for dissolved inorganic carbonate in the HTS lies between −1.78 and −1.62‰, showing that it originates from the dissolution
of fresh-water carbonates. Quartz geothermometry suggests a reservoir temperature of 52–85°C for the Hamamayagi geothermal
field, but chalcedony geothermometers suggest reservoir temperatures between 30 and 53°C. 相似文献
7.
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Over the past several decades, weather radar has become an indispensable tool in flood forecasting studies, especially in ungauged regions. However, the... 相似文献
8.
Cem Tokatli Arzu Çiçek Özgür Emiroğlu Naime Arslan Esengül Köse Hayri Dayioğlu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2185-2197
Emet Stream is one of the most important branches of Uluabat Lake (Ramsar area) and also one of Turkey’s most important river systems. In addition to the geologic structure of the basin, Harmancik Chromium Mines are one of the most important inorganic pollution sources for the basin and also for Uluabat Lake. In the present study, water, sediment and fish (Squalius cii, Capoeta tinca and Barbus oligolepis) samples were collected seasonally from eight stations (one of them was on the Kinik Stream where the Harmancik Chromium Mines is located on and one of them was on the Dursunbey Stream) on the Emet Stream Basin. Some limnological parameters (pH, conductivity and total hardness) in water and Cr, Ca, Mg, Ni and Mn levels in biotic (muscle, gill, liver and kidney tissues of fishes) and abiotic (water and sediment) components of basin were determined to evaluate the effects of Harmancik Chromium Mines on the system. Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis, Pearson Correlation Index, One Way Anova Tests, Scatter dot Comparing and Matrix plot Distribution Diagrams were applied to the results in order to estimate the data properly. Water samples were evaluated according to the water quality criteria for Turkey and sediment samples were evaluated according to the sediment quality criteria. According to data obtained, statistically significance differences were identified between Kinik and Emet Streams according to Cr and Ni accumulations in water and sediment. Chromium levels of Kinik Stream were extremely higher an average of 153 times for water and 10 times for sediment than uncontaminated stations. Water and sediment quality of Emet Stream were decreasing after falling the Kinik Stream and increasing after falling the Dursunbey Stream. It was also determined that, the amount of chromium in muscle tissues of three fish species were much higher than the limit value of 0.15 mg kg?1 that FAO identified. 相似文献
9.
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Ilica geothermal system (Erzurum,Turkey) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the hydrochemical isotopic characteristics of samples collected from geothermal springs in the Ilica geothermal field, Eastern Anatolia of Turkey, are examined and described. Low-temperature geothermal system of Ilica (Erzurum, Turkey) located along the Eastern Anatolian fault zone was investigated for hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics. The study of ionic and isotopic contents shows that the thermal water of Ilica is mainly, locally fed by groundwater, which changes chemically and isotopically during its circulation within the major fault zone reaching depths. The thermal spring has a temperature of 29–39 °C, with electrical conductivity ranging from 4,000 to 7,510 µS/cm and the thermal water is of Na–HCO3–Cl water type. The chemical geothermometers applied in the Ilica geothermal waters yielded a maximum reservoir temperature of 142 °C according to the silica geothermometers. The thermal waters are undersaturated with respect to gypsum, anhydrite and halite, and oversaturated with respect to dolomite. The dolomite mineral possibly caused scaling when obtaining the thermal waters in the study area. According to the enthalpy chloride-mixing model, cold water to the thermal water-mixing ratio is changing between 69.8 and 75 %. The δ18O–δ2H compositions obviously indicate meteoric origin of the waters. Thermal water springs derived from continental precipitation falling on to higher elevations in the study area. The δ13C ratio for dissolved inorganic carbonate in the waters lies between 4.63 and 6.48 ‰. In low-temperature waters carbon is considered as originating from volcanic (mantle) CO2. 相似文献
10.
Arzu Koçaslan A. Gürkan Yüksek Kazım Görgülü Ercan Arpaz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(1):57
This study addresses the effects of rock characteristics and blasting design parameters on blast-induced vibrations in the Kangal open-pit coal mine, the Tülü open-pit boron mine, the K?rka open-pit boron mine, and the TKI Çan coal mine fields. Distance (m, R) and maximum charge per delay (kg, W), stemming (m, SB), burden (m, B), and S-wave velocities (m/s, Vs) obtained from in situ field measurements have been chosen as input parameters for the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based model in order to predict the peak particle velocity values. In the ANFIS model, 521 blasting data sets obtained from four fields have been used (r 2 = 0.57–0.81). The coefficient of ANFIS model is higher than those of the empirical equation (r 2 = 1). These results show that the ANFIS model to predict PPV values has a considerable advantage when compared with the other prediction models. 相似文献