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1.
Bijaya B. Karki Dipesh Bhattarai Mainak Mookherjee Lars Stixrude 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2010,37(2):103-117
We have explored first-principles molecular dynamics simulation data for hydrous MgSiO3 liquid (with 10 wt% water) to gain insight into its structural and dynamical behavior as a function of pressure (0–150 GPa)
and temperature (2,000–6,000 K). By visualizing/analyzing a number of parameters associated with short- and mid-range orders,
we have shown that the melt structure changes substantially on compression. The speciation of the water component at low pressures
is dominated by the isolated structures (with over 90% hydrogen participated) consisting of hydroxyls, water molecules, O–H–O
bridging and four-atom (O–H–O–H and H–O–H–O) groups, where every oxygen atom may be a part of polyhedron or free (i.e., bound
to only magnesium atom). Hydroxyls favor polyhedral sites over magnesium sites whereas molecular water is almost entirely
bound to magnesium sites, and also interpolyhedral bridging (Si–O–H–O–Si) dominates other types of bridging. Water content
is shown to enhance and suppress, respectively, the proportions of hydroxyls and molecular water. As compression increases,
these isolated structures increasingly combine with each other to form extended structures involving a total of five or more
O and H atoms and also containing threefold coordination species, which together consume over 80% hydrogen at the highest
compression studied. Our results show that water lowers the mean coordination numbers of different types including all cation–anion
environments. The hydrous melt tends to be more tetrahedrally coordinated but with the Si–Si network being more disrupted
compared to the anhydrous melt. Protons increase the content of non-bridging oxygen and decrease the contents of bridging
oxygen as well as oxygen triclusters (present at pressures above 10 GPa). The calculated self-diffusion coefficients of all
atomic species are enhanced in the presence of water compared to those of the anhydrous melt. This is consistent with the
prediction that water depolymerizes the melt structure at all pressures. Our analysis also suggests that proton diffusion
involves two processes—the transfer of H atoms (requiring the rupture and formation of O–H bonds) and the motion of hydroxyls
as hydrogen carriers (requiring the rupture and formation of Si–O and/or Mg–O bonds). Both the processes are operative at
low compression whereas only the first process is operative at high compression. 相似文献
2.
M K Panigrahi A Mookherjee G V C Pantulu K Gopalan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1993,102(2):399-413
On the basis of field relations, petrography and chemistry, three types of granitoids are recognized at Malanjkhand in and
around the copper deposit over an area of about 200 km2. These are (i) a fine grained ‘leucogranite’ of restricted occurrence in the surrounding area (Gr-I); (ii) coarse-grained,
grey in most parts, gneissose granitoid of regional extension (Gr-II); and (iii) the pink-feldspar bearing massive type hosting
the mineralization with occasional representatives in the surrounding country (Gr-III). Gr-I comes out as a distinct entity
on the basis of cross-cutting relation and mineralogical and chemical composition, the Rb-Sr whole rock isochron also giving
a younger age than the other two groups irrespective of the regression model used. Gr-II comes out as the oldest unit but
its age relationship with Gr-III cannot be established unequivocally. An uncorrelated error regression model establishes the
age relationship as Gr-I<Gr-III<Gr-II, whereas a two-error regression model establishes temporal closeness between Gr-II and
III.
The term ‘granitoids’ is being used broadly to include rocks ranging in composition from alkali-granite to tonalite. 相似文献
3.
Stratiform quartz-sulphide lodes in Ingladhal occur in a typical Precambrian green-stone-belt environment comprising metabasalts, tuff, chert and cherty iron-sulphide formation. Unusually high cobalt contents of metavolcanics and of sulphide minerals in orebodies suggest a consanguinity between ores and rocks. 90% of total nickel, 70% of total cobalt but only 30% of total copper in rocks occur in silicate phases and thus indicate an early separation of copper from cobalt and nickel. Unusually high non-sulphide copper in barren bedded cherts implies availability of Cu-rich solution prior to their lithification. Pyrite in sediments, in volcanics, and in orebodies is characterized by a distinctive pattern of Co-Ni distribution in each case. Partitioning of Co and Ni between coexisting sulphide pairs is complex, but gross equilibrium is indicated. Very high trace metal content of orebody pyrite sharply contrasts with very low such values in pyrite from adjacent sediments and points to a higher temperature of formation of orebodies. 相似文献
4.
5.
Sangita M. Pachkhande Prafull B. Kamble Aditi Mookherjee C. Rajshekhar Nikhil A. Kavathankar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,83(1):71-75
The benthic foraminifera from the Savitri estuary are being reported for the first time. The faunal analyses reveal the occurrence of mixed assemblage. It is observed that Trochammina inflata is the most dominant species and appears to be the indigenous to mangrove environment. 相似文献
6.
Ocean Dynamics - Fourth-order nonlinear evolution equation (NLEE), which is an excellent starting point for the analysis of nonlinear deep water surface waves, are used here to investigate the... 相似文献
7.
Many stiff pastes, made up of finely ground solid material with enough liquid to saturate the voids, have both a yield stress and a viscosity. However, in some cases both these rheological attributes can be reduced in value by the application of vibrations. This fact, already widely made use of in the construction industry, is of interest also for practical applications in the processing industries as well as in fundamental investigations of the physical structure and behaviour of such two- (or perhaps three-) phase systems.This paper reports the magnitudes of the reduction both of the yield stress and of the viscosity of a paste of iron ore and water, of a fixed composition in the capillary state.A squeeze-flow apparatus was used to make these measurements. It was modified to allow the specimen of paste to be vibrated.The iron ore was a Knob Lake flotation concentrate, ground to 62% through 325 mesh.The water content, constrained to a narrow range by the physics of this two-phase system, was 16% w/w (wet basis).The vibration frequency was in the range 10 to 30 Hz, whilst the peak-to-peak amplitude lay between 0.254 to 1.27 mm. The results showed that the yield stress decreased from 20 kPa in the unvibrated state to almost zero when vibrated at 10 Hz and with an amplitude of 0.254 mm.Again, the viscosity could be reduced markedly by the vibrations. Furthermore, the viscosity of the vibrated paste (i.e., with zero yield stress) could be correlated with the shear rate by a power-law equation.Because of the complexity of the system and the uncertainty of the influence of all possible variables, no attempt was made at this stage to set up any correlations. However, by inspection, the viscosity of this particular sample was fitted to a function of amplitude (A) and frequency (f), namely A2f0.5. No theoretical justification is put forward. 相似文献
8.
Carbonate ooids, notionally incompatible with an euxinic environment, and some curious reticulate tubular structures with fibrous carbonate walls are described from intraclasts occurring in Proterozoic black shales containing the pyrite deposit at Amjhor. While some of the tubes are visibly due to coalescence of ooids, others are interpreted as worm burrows on the basis of their strata-transgressive orientation, branching nature and larger diameter than those of the ooids.All stages of pyritization of ooids and tube-cores, displaying truncation of the growth-fabric of calcite grains by growing pyrite crystals, point to a late- or post-diagenetic age of pyritization. The clasts containing ooids and tubes are believed to have been transported from a shallow-bank and/or a nearshore environment into a lagoonal, euxinic basin. An environmental model, consistent with the observed data, is proposed to account for the ooid—black shale association. 相似文献
9.
Ocean Dynamics - A fourth-order nonlinear evolution equation of interfacial progressive waves in two-layer fluids of finite depths is derived in the case when there is a depth uniform current in... 相似文献
10.
Himadri Sekhar Das Abinash Suklabaidya Saonli Datta Majumder Asoke Kumar Sen 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2010,10(4)
The observed linear polarization data of comet Hyakutake are studied at wavelengths λ=0.365 μm,λ=0.485 μm and 0.684 μm through simulations using Ballistic Particle-Cluster Aggregate and Ballistic Cluster-Cluster Aggregate aggregates of 128 spherical monomers.We first found that the size parameter of the monomer,x～1.56-1.70,turned out to be the most suitable which provides the best fits to the observed dust scattering properties at three wavelengths:λ=0.365 μm,0.485 μm and 0.684 μm.Thus,the effective radius of the aggregate(r)lies in the range 0.45 μm ≤ r≤ 0.49 μm at λ=0.365 μm;0.60μm < r < 0.66 μm at λ=0.485 μmand 0.88 μm < r < 0.94 μm at λ=0.684 μm.Now using superposition T-MATRIX code and the power-law size distribution,n(r)～r-3,the best-fitting values of complex refractive indices are calculated for the observed polarization data at the above three wavelengths.The best-fitting complex refractive indices(n,k)are found to be (1.745,0.095)at λ=0.365 μm,(1.743,0.100)at λ=0.485 μm and(1.695,0.100)at λ=0.684 μm.The refractive indices derived from the present analysis correspond to a mixture of both silicates and organics,which are in good agreement with the in situ measurement of comets by different spacecraft. 相似文献