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1.
Recent trends in vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel and their relationship to climate 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
Stefanie M. Herrmann Assaf Anyamba Compton J. Tucker 《Global Environmental Change》2005,15(4):394-404
Contrary to assertions of widespread irreversible desertification in the African Sahel, a recent increase in seasonal greenness over large areas of the Sahel has been observed, which has been interpreted as a recovery from the great Sahelian droughts. This research investigates temporal and spatial patterns of vegetation greenness and rainfall variability in the African Sahel and their interrelationships based on analyses of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series for the period 1982–2003 and gridded satellite rainfall estimates. While rainfall emerges as the dominant causative factor for the increase in vegetation greenness, there is evidence of another causative factor, hypothetically a human-induced change superimposed on the climate trend. 相似文献
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Noah Brosch David Polishook Avi Shporer Shai Kaspi Assaf Berwald Ilan Manulis 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,314(1-3):163-176
We describe the second telescope of the Wise Observatory, a 0.46-m Centurion 18 (C18) installed in 2005, which enhances significantly
the observing possibilities. The telescope operates from a small dome and is equipped with a large-format CCD camera. In the
last two years this telescope was intensively used in a variety of monitoring projects.
The operation of the C18 is now automatic, requiring only start-up at the beginning of a night and close-down at dawn. The
observations are mostly performed remotely from the Tel Aviv campus or even from the observer’s home. The entire facility
was erected for a component cost of about 70k$ and a labor investment of a total of one man-year.
We describe three types of projects undertaken with this new facility: the measurement of asteroid light variability with
the purpose of determining physical parameters and binarity, the following-up of transiting extrasolar planets, and the study
of AGN variability. The successful implementation of the C18 demonstrates the viability of small telescopes in an age of huge
light-collectors, provided the operation of such facilities is very efficient. 相似文献
3.
This paper deals with the problem of T‐bar penetration. New kinematically admissible velocity fields are derived from elastic solutions of incompressible material using Airy stress function. These velocity fields are used to obtain upper bounds to collapse loads. Two particular solutions are presented, one for a rough contact surface between the T‐bar and soil and the other for a smooth contact surface. The merit of the solutions is that within the boundaries of the velocity field, the soil is required to shear compatibly and continuously. Therefore, these solutions can easily be combined with the strain path method to estimate rate and softening effects. Analysis including consideration of strain rate effect showed that the new mechanisms predict, under certain conditions, lower values than previously published upper bound solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Molnar S. Sirohey A. Assaf J. Bard P.-Y. Castellaro S. Cornou C. Cox B. Guillier B. Hassani B. Kawase H. Matsushima S. Sánchez-Sesma F. J. Yong A. 《Journal of Seismology》2022,26(4):653-685
Journal of Seismology - The single-station microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (MHVSR) method was initially proposed to retrieve the site amplification function and its resonance... 相似文献
5.
CO2 injection into deep saline formations as a way to mitigate climate change raises concerns that leakage of saline waters from the injection formations will impact water quality of overlying aquifers, especially underground sources of drinking water (USDWs). This paper aims to characterize the geochemical composition of deep brines, with a focus on constituents that pose a human health risk and are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). A statistical analysis of the NATCARB brine database, combined with simple mixing model calculations, show total dissolved solids and concentrations of chloride, boron, arsenic, sulfate, nitrate, iron and manganese may exceed plant tolerance or regulatory levels. Twelve agricultural crops evaluated for decreased productivity in the event of brine leakage would experience some yield reduction due to increased TDS at brine‐USDW ratios of < 0.1, and a 50% yield reduction at < 0.2 brine‐USDW ratio. A brine‐USDW ratio as low as 0.004 may result in yield reduction in the most sensitive crops. The USEPA TDS secondary standard is exceeded at a brine fraction of approximately 0.002. To our knowledge, this is the first study to consider agricultural impacts of brine leakage, even though agricultural withdrawals of groundwater in the United States are almost three times higher than public and domestic withdrawals. 相似文献
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Numerical analysis of an infinite pile group in a liquefiable soil was considered in order to investigate the influence of pile spacing on excess pore pressure distribution and liquefaction potential. It was found that an optimal pile spacing exists resulting in minimal excess pore pressure. It was also found that certain pile group configurations might reduce liquefaction potential, compared to free field conditions. It was observed that for closely spaced piles and low frequency of loading, pile spacing has little influence on the response of the superstructure. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents 2D and 3D upper bound solutions for the problem of tunnel excavation in soft ground. The solution invokes the use of incompressible flow fields derived from the theory of elasticity and the concept of sinks and sources. Comparison is made with previously published results. For some geometries the current calculation results in lower (better) upper bound values; however, the results were generally close to previously published values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
By conducting axisymmetrical hydrodynamical numerical simulations (2.5 dimensional code) we show that slow, massive, wide jets can reproduce the morphology of the huge X-ray deficient bubble pair in the cluster of galaxies MS 0735+7421. The total energy of the jets, composed of the energy in the bubble pair and in the shock wave, is constrained by observations conducted by McNamara et al. to be ∼1062 erg . We show that two opposite jets that are active for ∼100 Myr, each with a launching half opening angle of α≃ 70° , an initial velocity of v j ∼ 0.1 c and a total mass loss rate of the two jets of , can account for the observed morphology. Rapidly precessing narrow jets can be used instead of wide jets. In our model the cluster suffered from a cooling catastrophe ∼100 Myr ago. Most of the mass that cooled, ∼1010 M⊙ , was expelled back to the intracluster medium by the active galactic nuclei activity and is inside the bubbles now, ∼10 per cent formed stars and ∼10 per cent of the cold gas was accreted by the central black hole and was the source of the outburst energy. This type of activity is similar to that expected to occur in galaxy formation. 相似文献