The geography of tourism in France: definition,scope and themes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bernard Barbier  Douglas G. Pearce 《GeoJournal》1984,9(1):47-53

Conclusions The substantial body of literature produced in the last two decades bears witness to the marked development of the geography of tourism in France over this period. This research has been strongly influenced by traditional geographic thought and is notable for the logic which underlies it. At the same time much remains to be done, with various avenues for future research being suggested in this paper. French geographers might also look increasingly outwards and to the work of others. By considering new and different methodologies, theories and fields of interest, the conceptual base of the subject might be enlarged and a more systematic approach developed. This need is keenly felt and this opening up is starting to occur, particularly through the exchange of ideas with foreign geographers at meetings of the national or international (IGU) commissions on the geography of tourism.  相似文献   

Spinelloid phases in the system MgGa2O4-Mg2GeO4     

J. Barbier  B. G. Hyde 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1986,13(6):382-392

Spinelloid phases have been observed and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. Mg₃Ga₂GeO₃(III), with a narrow composition range of approximately 3 mole percent Mg₂GeO₄, is stable at atmospheric pressure up to about 1,420° C, and is isostructural with β-Mg₂SiO₄ and the spinelloid Phase III of the NiAl₂O₄-Ni₂SiO₄ system. This represents the first occurrence of a β-phase structure stable at 1 atm pressure. Above 1,420° C (1 atm) Mg₃Ga₂GeO₈ (III) decomposes reversibly into a mixture of spinel and olivine. At high pressure (around 30 kbar at 1,100° C) it transforms into another spinelloid phase, Mg₃Ga₂GeO₈ (IV), isostructural with Phase IV of the NiAl₂O₄-Ni₂SiO₄ system. In terms of crystal structures and phase relations therefore there exists a close analogy between the magnesium gallo-germanate and nickel alumino-silicate systems, the former being a lower-pressure analogue of the latter. Our investigation of a number of other pseudo-binary spinel-olivine oxide systems suggests that the formation of spinelloid phases can be associated with the inverse character of the spinel component.  相似文献   

Time Transfer for TAI Using a Geodetic Receiver: An Example with the Ashtech ZXII-T   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pascale Defraigne  Carine Bruyninx 《GPS Solutions》2001,5(2):43-50

The International Atomic Time scale (TAI) is computed by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) from a set of atomic clocks distributed in about 40 time laboratories around the world. The time transfer between these remote clocks is mostly performed by the so-called GPS common view method: The clocks are connected to a GPS time receiver whose internal software computes the offsets between the remote clocks and GPS time. These data are collected in a standard formal called CCTF. In the present study we develop both the procedure and the software tool that allows us to generate the CCTF files needed for time transfer to TAI, using RINEX files produced by geodetic receivers driven by an external frequency. The CCTF files are then generated from the RINEX observation files. The software is freely available at ftp://omaftp.oma.be/dist/astro/time/RINEX_CCTF. Applied to IGS (International GPS Service) receivers, this procedure will provide a direct link between TAI and the IGS clock combination. We demonstrate here the procedure using the RINEX files from the Ashtech Metronome (ZXII-T) GPS receiver, to which we apply the conventional analysis to compute the CCTF data. We compared these results with the CCTF files produced by a time receiver R100-30T from 3S-Navigation. We also used this comparison with the results of a calibrated time receiver to determine the hardware delay of the geodetic receiver. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Exposure of amino acids and derivatives in the Earth orbit     

Bernard Barbier  Odile HeninFrançois Boillot  Annie ChabinDidier Chaput  André Brack 《Planetary and Space Science》2002,50(4):353-359

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Commission de geographie du tourisme et des loisirs     

B. Barbier 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):331-331

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NIGHTGLOW: an instrument to measure the Earth’s nighttime ultraviolet glow—results from the first engineering flight     

Louis M. Barbier  Robert Smith  Scott Murphy  Eric R. Christian  Rodger Farley  John F. Krizmanic  John W. Mitchell  Robert E. Streitmatter  Eugene C. Loh  Stephen Stochaj 《Astroparticle Physics》2005,22(5-6):439-449

We have designed and built an instrument to measure and monitor the “nightglow” of the Earth’s atmosphere in the near ultraviolet (NUV). In this paper we describe the design of this instrument, called NIGHTGLOW. NIGHTGLOW is designed to be flown from a high altitude research balloon, and circumnavigate the globe. NIGHTGLOW is a NASA, University of Utah, and New Mexico State University project. A test flight took place from Palestine, Texas on July 5, 2000, lasting about 8 h. The instrument performed well and landed safely in Stiles, Texas with little damage. The resulting measurements of the NUV nightglow are compared with previous measurements from sounding rockets and balloons.  相似文献   

IGU commission of geography of tourism and leisure     

B. Barbier 《GeoJournal》1987,14(2):275-276

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Liste et classification d'étoiles M,C et à émission nouvelles     

M. Barbier 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1975,32(2):423-430

We present a new list of 156 M, C or emission line stars discovered on objective-prism plates taken at Haute Provence Observatory. The good spectra are classified by means of criteria used in previous publications, principally from the ratio of TiO bands.  相似文献   

The Saint-Georges-sur-Loire olistostrome,a key zone to understand the Gondwana-Armorica boundary in the Variscan belt (Southern Brittany,France)     

Carine?CartierEmail author  Michel?Faure 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2004,93(6):945-958

In the southern part of the French Armorican massif, the Ligerian domain is located along the boundary between Gondwana and Armorica. Lithological, geochemical and structural data on the Saint-Georges-sur-Loire Unit, which is the northern part of the Ligerian domain, allow us to distinguish two sub-units. A southern sub-unit, formed by various blocks (chert, limestone, sandstone, rhyolite, mafic rocks) of Silurian to Middle Devonian age included as olistoliths in a Middle-Late Devonian terrigeneous matrix, overthrusts a sandstone-pelite northern sub-unit. Both units experienced two deformation events. The first one is a top-to-the-NW thrusting and the second one is a left-lateral wrenching. The Saint-Georges-sur-Loire Unit is an accretionary prism formed during the Late Devonian closure of the Layon rift, coeval with the main phase of the Variscan orogeny. The Layon rift, which according to the mafic olistoliths was partly floored by oceanic crust, appears as a buffer structural zone that accounts for the lack in Central Brittany of any tectonic or sedimentary echo of the closure of the Medio-European Ocean. The tectonic evolution of the Saint-Georges-sur-Loire Unit supports a polyorogenic model for this part of the Variscan Belt.  相似文献   

An investigation of the SO₂ content of the venusian mesosphere using SPICAV-UV in nadir mode     

Emmanuel Marcq  Denis Belyaev  Anna Fedorova  Ann Carine Vandaele 《Icarus》2011,211(1):58-69

Using the SPICAV-UV spectrometer aboard Venus Express in nadir mode, we were able to derive spectral radiance factors in the middle atmosphere of Venus in the 170-320 nm range at a spectral resolution of R ? 200 during 2006 and 2007 in the northern hemisphere. By comparison with a radiative transfer model of the upper atmosphere of Venus, we could derive column abundance above the visible cloud top for SO₂ using its spectral absorption bands near 280 and 220 nm. SO₂ column densities show large temporal and spatial variations on a horizontal scale of a few hundred kilometers. Typical SO₂ column densities at low latitudes (up to 50°N) were found between 5 and 50 μm-atm, whereas in the northern polar region SO₂ content was usually below 5 μm-atm. The observed latitudinal variations follow closely the cloud top altitude derived by SPICAV-IR and are thought to be of dynamical origin. Also, a sudden increase of SO₂ column density in the whole northern hemisphere has been observed in early 2007, possibly related to a convective episode advecting some deep SO₂ into the upper atmosphere.  相似文献