Possibilities of land use change analysis in a mountainous rural area: a methodological approach     

Szilárd Szabó  László Bertalan  Ágnes Kerekes  Tibor J. Novák 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(4):708-726

Decreasing population density is a current trend in the European Union, and causes a lower environmental impact on the landscape. However, besides the desirable effect on the regeneration processes of semi-natural forest ecosystems, the lack of traditional management techniques can also lead to detrimental ecological processes. In this study we investigated the land use pattern changes in a micro-region (in North-Eastern Hungary) between 1952 and 2005, based on vectorised land use data from archive aerial photos. We also evaluated the methodology of comparisons using GIS methods, fuzzy sets and landscape metrics. We found that both GIS methods and statistical analysis of landscape metrics resulted in more or less the same findings. Differences were not as relevant as was expected considering the general tendencies of the past 60 years in Hungary. The change in the annual rate of forest recovery was 0.12%; settlements extended their area by an annual rate of 3.04%, while grasslands and arable lands had a net loss in their area within the studied period (0.60% and 0.89%, respectively). The kappa index showed a smaller similarity (~60%) between these dates but the fuzzy kappa and the aggregation index, taking into account both spatial and thematic errors, gave a more reliable result (~70–80% similarity). Landscape metrics on patch and class level ensured the possibility of a detailed analysis. We arrived at a similar outcome but were able to verify all the calculations through statistical tests. With this approach we were able to reveal significant (p < 0.05) changes; however, effect sizes did not show large magnitudes. Comparing the methods of revealing landscape change, the approach of landscape metrics was the most effective approach, as it was independent of spatial errors and ensuring a multiple way of interpretation.  相似文献   

Accessing effects and signals of leakage from a CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> reservoir to a shallow freshwater aquifer by reactive transport modelling     

Zsuzsanna Szabó  Nóra Edit Gál  Éva Kun  Teodóra Szőcs  György Falus 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(12):460

CO₂ geological storage is a transitional technology for the mitigation of climate change. In the vicinity of potential CO₂ reservoirs in Hungary, protected freshwater aquifers used for drinking water supplies exist. Effects of disaster events of CO₂ escape and brine displacement to one of these aquifers have been studied by kinetic 1D reactive transport modelling in PHREEQC. Besides verifying that ion concentrations in the freshwater may increase up to drinking water limit values in both scenarios (CO₂ or brine leakage), total porosity of the rock is estimated. Pore volume is expected to increase at the entry point of CO₂ and to decrease at further distances, whereas it shows minor increase along the flow path for the effect of brine inflow. Additionally, electrical conductivity of water is estimated and suggested to be the best parameter to measure for cost-effective monitoring of both worst-case leakage scenarios.  相似文献   

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Wireline Logs Using a Float-Encoded Genetic Algorithm     

Norbert Péter Szabó  Mihály Dobróka 《Mathematical Geosciences》2018,50(3):317-335

In the paper, a novel inversion approach is used for the solution of the problem of factor analysis. The float-encoded genetic algorithm as a global optimization method is implemented to extract factor variables using open-hole logging data. The suggested statistical workflow is used to give a reliable estimate for not only the factors but also the related petrophysical properties in hydrocarbon formations. In the first step, the factor loadings and scores are estimated by Jöreskog’s fast approximate method, which are gradually improved by the genetic algorithm. The forward problem is solved to calculate wireline logs directly from the factor scores. In each generation, the observed and calculated well logs are compared to update the factor population. During the genetic algorithm run, the average fitness of factor populations is maximized to give the best fit between the observed and theoretical data. By using the empirical relation between the first factor and formation shaliness, the shale volume is estimated along the borehole. Permeability as a derived quantity also correlates with the first factor, which allows its determination from an independent source. The estimation results agree well with those of independent deterministic modeling and core measurements. Case studies from Hungary and the USA demonstrate the feasibility of the global optimization based factor analysis, which provides a useful tool for improved reservoir characterization.  相似文献   

Quantifying land use/land cover spatio-temporal landscape pattern dynamics from Hyperion using SVMs classifier and FRAGSTATS®     

Salim Lamine  Sudhir Kumar Singh  Szilárd Szabó  Nour El Islam Bachari  Prashant K. Srivastava 《国际地球制图》2018,33(8):862-878

This study aims to quantify the landscape spatio-temporal dynamics including Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes occurred in a typical Mediterranean ecosystem of high ecological and cultural significance in central Greece covering a period of 9 years (2001–2009). Herein, we examined the synergistic operation among Hyperion hyperspectral satellite imagery with Support Vector Machines, the FRAGSTATS^® landscape spatial analysis programme and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for this purpose. The change analysis showed that notable changes reported in the experimental region during the studied period, particularly for certain LULC classes. The analysis of accuracy indices suggested that all the three classification techniques are performing satisfactorily with overall accuracy of 86.62, 91.67 and 89.26% in years 2001, 2004 and 2009, respectively. Results evidenced the requirement for taking measures to conserve this forest-dominated natural ecosystem from human-induced pressures and/or natural hazards occurred in the area. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, demonstrating the Hyperion capability in quantifying LULC changes with landscape metrics using FRAGSTATS^® programme and PCA for understanding the land surface fragmentation characteristics and their changes. The suggested approach is robust and flexible enough to be expanded further to other regions. Findings of this research can be of special importance in the context of the launch of spaceborne hyperspectral sensors that are already planned to be placed in orbit as the NASA’s HyspIRI sensor and EnMAP.  相似文献   

Alkaline lamprophyre and related dyke rocks in NE Transdanubia,Hungary: The Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2) borehole     

Dr. Cs. Szabó  Prof. I. Kubovics  Dr. Zs. Molnár 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,47(2-4):127-148

Summary The Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2) core contains 12 magmatic dykes which belong to the Late Cretaceous lamprophyric-carbonatitic association of NE Transdanubia, Hungary. Petrographically, 11 dykes can be considered alkaline lamprophyre (mainly monchiquite), and the remainder might be called carbonatite. The lamprophyre dykes are similar to both alkaline lamprophyres and ultramafic lamprophyres in major element composition, whereas the carbonatite dyke has some features that are similar to carbonatites but others that are dissimilar. Nevertheless, both of the two types of AD-2 dykes possess higher LILE content than the ultramafc lamprophyres and kimberlites, but strongly differ from average carbonatite. Based on the REE pattern, crystal fractionation (mainly of olivine) and separation of a carbonate phase from the parental lamprophyric magma are proposed for genesis of the carbonatite dyke. These characteristics and the compositional zoning of clinopyroxene and mica suggest a complex crystallization history for these dykes. The likeliest origin for the parental lamprophyric melt is through a very small degree of partial melting of metasomatized mantle.

---

Alkalische Lamprophyre und assoziierte Ganggesteine in Nordost-Transdanubien, Ungarn: die Bohrung Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2)

Zusammenfassung Der Kern der Bohrung Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2) enthält zwölf magmatische Gänge, die zu der jung-kretazischen Lamprophyr-Karbonatit-Assoziation des nordöstlichen Transdanubiens in Ungarn gehören. Petrographisch gesehen gehören elf Gänge zu den alkalischen Lamprophyren (hauptsächlich Monchiquit), und der Rest kann als Karbonatit bezeichnet werden. Die Lamprophyrgänge sind in ihrer Hauptelementzusammensetzung sowohl alkalischen Lamprophyren wie ultramafschen Lamprophyren ähnlich. Der Karbonatitgang hingegen zeigt Parameter, die denen von Karbonatiten teilweise, aber nicht durchwegs, ähnlich sind. Beide Typen der AD-2-Gänge zeigen höhere LILE-Gehalte als ultramafische Lamprophre und Kimberlite, unterscheiden sich aber deutlich vom durchschnittlichen Karbonatit. Auf der Basis der Seltenen ErdVerteilung, werden Kristallfraktionierung (hauptsächlich von Olivin) und Abtrennung einer Karbonatphase von lamprophyrischen Magma als Vorgänge gesehen, die für die Entstehung der Karbonatit-Gänge relevant sind. Diese Aspekte und die Zonierung der Zusammensetzungen von Klinopyroxen und Glimmer weisen auf eine komplexe Kristallisationsgeschichte dieser Gänge hin. Sehr wahrscheinlich ist die lamprophyrische Ausgangsschmelze durch eine geringfügige teilweise Aufschmelzung von metasomatisiertem Mantel entstanden.

  相似文献   

Die lokale Beeinflussung eines stehenden Gewässers durch eine punktförmige Abwasserbelastung; ein direkter Nachweis der wachstumsbegrenzenden Wirkung des Phosphors im Vierwaldstättersee     

Dr. R. Gächter  E. Szabó dipl. Chem.  A. Mareš 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1971,33(1):66-72

Zusammenfassung Die Beeinflussung des Vierwaldst?ttersees (Horwer Bucht) durch den mit dem Abwasser von 10 000 Einwohnern belasteten Steinibach liess sich im Oberfl?chenwasser auf eine Distanz von mehr als 2 km verfolgen (Abb. 1a, 1b, 1c). Es zeigte sich, dass eine erh?hte Phosphorzufuhr eine verst?rkte biogene Nitratzehrung erm?glicht. Die Abh?ngigkeit der Pigmentkonzentration y von der Gesamtphosphorkonzentrationx liess sich durch die folgende Mitscherlich-Gleichung beschreiben: log(30-y)=log 30–0,012 (x−6) Damit wurde im Vierwaldst?ttersee erstmals unter v?llig natürlichen Bedingungen die Beeinflussung der Prim?rproduktion durch eine erh?hte Phosphorkonzentration nachgewiesen (Abb. 2). Die Erfolgsaussichten von Abwassersanierungsmassnahmen an Seen verschiedener Trophiegrade werden diskutiert.

---

Summary The influence of the ‘Steinibach” tributary, into which the wastewater of 10,000 inhabitants is discharged, on the Lake of Lucerne (Horwer Bucht) is detectable in the surface water over a distance of more than 2 km (Picture 1a, 1b, 1c). It was revealed that the increased phosphorus supply enables more intensive biological nitrate consumption. The dependence of the pigment concentration,y, on the total phosphorus concentration,x can be expressed by the following Mitscherlich equation: log (30−y)=log 30–0.012 (x−6). This was the first time that the influence of an increased phosphorus concentration on primary production was proved in the Lake of Lucerne under completely natural conditions (Picture 2). The possibilities of implementing successful water pollution control measures in lakes with various trophic levels are discussed.

  相似文献   

Mantle upwelling within the Pannonian Basin: evidence from xenolith lithology and mineral chemistry     

György Falus  Csaba Szabó  & Orlando Vaselli 《地学学报》2000,12(6):295-302

Five spinel lherzolite xenoliths hosted in Neogene alkali basalts from the marginal parts of the Pannonian Basin (Styrian Basin in Austria and Persani Mts. in the Eastern Transylvanian Basin, Romania) contain orthopyroxene–clinopyroxene–spinel clusters, which are believed to represent former garnet in lherzolitic mantle material. 'Palaeo' equilibrium pressure of this former garnet lherzolite was estimated to be equivalent to depths of 90–120 km using calculated garnet compositions and measured orthopyroxene compositions from the clusters. 'Neo' equilibrium pressures of the xenoliths indicate depths of 55–65 km, suggesting c.  50–60 km uprise of the mantle section represented by these xenoliths. This petrological result confirms the observations from previous geophysical studies that significant mantle uplift has occurred beneath the Pannonian Basin.  相似文献   

Multiple generation magmatic and hydrothermal processes in a Martian subvolcanic environment based on the analysis of Yamato-000593 nakhlite meteorite     

Ildiko Gyollai  Elias Chatzitheodoridis  Ákos Kereszturi  Máté Szabó 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(2):218-240

We studied the occurrence of secondary minerals and inferred their formation in the Yamato-000593 Martian meteorite using multiple technological approaches such as electron probe micro analysis, optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fourier transform-infrared microscopy and spectroscopy. Two separate hydrothermal alteration events and their sequence of formation (based on superpositional relationship) can be identified: an elevated temperature phase producing high-temperature sulfidic hydrothermal alteration and a lower temperature hydrothermal alteration phase by iron-rich fluids. This meteorite shows signatures more compatible with magmatic effects, rather than impact-induced hydrothermal alteration, as has been proposed earlier. The sulfidic alteration probably formed by magmatic hydrothermal fluids, whereas iron-rich hydrothermal fluid circulation after a possible early impact event has also been proposed, when the fluids cooled down to 50 °C. Most of the secondary minerals formed at alkaline-neutral conditions, and the few observed signatures (clay–silica-bearing veins, siderite-iron-oxide veins) of briny conditions are probably from local spatial effects in larger cavities. The ferrous minerals (hematite and siderite) along the fractures could be crystallized from Fe-HCO₃-bearing fluids. Alternatively, the primary magmatic minerals could have been oxidized easily (Fe-rich olivines, magnetite) during the cooling to iron oxides (hematite, goethite). The results suggest the possible existence of at least ephemerally habitable environments on Mars, mainly at volcanically heated locations. Following published geochemical models, the carbonates formed within acidic-circumneutral condition, which was followed by formation of phyllosilicates in alkaline condition.  相似文献   

Changes in extremes and hydroclimatic regimes in the CREMA ensemble projections   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Filippo Giorgi  Erika Coppola  Francesca Raffaele  Gulilat Tefera Diro  Ramon Fuentes-Franco  Graziano Giuliani  Ashu Mamgain  Marta Pereira Llopart  Laura Mariotti  Csaba Torma 《Climatic change》2014,125(1):39-51

We analyze changes of four extreme hydroclimatic indices in the RCP8.5 projections of the Phase I CREMA experiment, which includes 21st century projections over 5 CORDEX domains (Africa, Central America, South America, South Asia, Mediterranean) with the ICTP regional model RegCM4 driven by three CMIP5 global models. The indices are: Heat Wave Day Index (HWD), Maximum Consecutive Dry Day index (CDD), fraction of precipitation above the 95th intensity percentile (R95) and Hydroclimatic Intensity index (HY-INT). Comparison with coarse (GPCP) and high (TRMM) resolution daily precipitation data for the present day conditions shows that the precipitation intensity distributions from the GCMs are close to the GPCP data, while the RegCM4 ones are closer to TRMM, illustrating the added value of the increased resolution of the regional model. All global and regional model simulations project predominant increases in HWD, CDD, R95 and HY-INT, implying a regime shift towards more intense, less frequent rain events and increasing risk of heat wave, drought and flood with global warming. However, the magnitudes of the changes are generally larger in the global than the regional models, likely because of the relatively low “climate sensitivity” of the RegCM4, especially when using the CLM land surface scheme. In addition, pronounced regional differences in the change signals are found. The data from these simulations are available for use in impact assessment studies.  相似文献   

Alteration processes in the CV chondrite parent body based on analysis of NWA 2086 meteorite     

A. Kereszturi  Z. Blumberger  S. Józsa  Z. May  A. Müller  M. Szabó  M. Tóth 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(8):1350-1364

Analysis of the NWA 2086 CV3 chondrite showed a matrix/chondrule ratio of 52%, similar to Bali, Mokoia, and Grosanaja. Nearly twice as many chondrule fragments as intact ones demonstrate that an early fragmentation phase occurred prior to final accretion. After this event, no substantial mechanical change or redeposition is evident. Rims with double‐layered structures were identified around some chondrules, which, in at least one case, is attributed to an accretionary origin. The rim's outer parts with a diffuse appearance were formed by in situ chemical alteration. During this later process, Mg content decreased, Fe content increased, and olivine composition was homogenized, producing a rim composition close to that of the matrix. This alteration occasionally happened along fractures and at confined locations, and was probably produced by fluid interactions. Iron oxides are the best candidate for a small grain‐sized alteration product; however, technical limitations in the available equipment did not allow exact phase identification. These results suggest that NWA 2086 came from a location (possible more deeply buried) in the CV parent body than Mokoia or Bali, and suffered less impact effects—although there is no evidence of sustained thermal alteration. This meteorite may represent a sample of the CV parent asteroid interior and provide a useful basis for comparison with other CV meteorites in the future.  相似文献