The design of grouting engineering in practice is either based on conventional soil mechanics or empirical procedures ignoring the effect of degree of saturation (water content). In this study, a series of laboratory-pressurized grouting tests were conducted on unsaturated sand to reveal the influence of soil water content on the grouting characteristics. With combination of direct shear tests at constant water content, water retention tests as well as microscopy observations, the mechanisms that controlling the strength and in turn the grouting characteristics in unsaturated sand were interpreted from the perspective of water–air interface. It was found that the non-monotonic phenomena of grouting characteristics (injectability and diffusion characteristics) with increasing water content were strongly dependent on the shear strength, which is influenced by the apparent cohesion induced by capillary mechanisms relating to the water–air interface. The threshold value of the injectability and diffusion pattern is corresponding to the boundary of the two transition zones (two different desaturation mechanisms) in the water retention curve. In the primary transition zone, the water phase is interconnected with air bulbs entrapped. With the drainage of bulk water in the large pores, the amount of water menisci increases, generating larger and larger surface tension force between particles. Therefore, less and less grout was injected as the bearing capacity and shear strength increase. However, in the second transition zone, with the drainage of menisci water, the menisci area of each pores decreases, inducing less and less surface tension force. Thus, more and more grout was injected as the bearing capacity and shear strength decrease. It is hoped that the work in this study will facilitate researching the grouting mechanisms in unsaturated soil, thus optimizing the grouting parameters in engineering practice.
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河流地貌对构造活动具有极高的相关性、敏感性,是研究新构造活动最切实有效的地摘貌标要志之一。本文以30 m分辨率数字高程模型（DEM）为基础,利用ArcMap与Matlab软件提取的河流地貌因子（Horton定律比值和S-A双对数曲线）,先后分析了思茅盆地内部的李仙江、藤条江、勐戛河、威远江、南班河和南腊河等的河流地貌特征,揭示新生代晚期强烈构造活动对河流发育的影响。结果表明：1）思茅盆地的河流多沿或平行于走滑断裂发育,低级别河网较好的符合Horton定律中一般河网的发育规律,而沿活动断裂带发育的高级别河网则表现出了明显的偏差;2）各集水盆地 S-A双对数曲线均呈凹凸相间排列;3）各集水盆地河道的裂点分布特征与岩性变化不一致,这表明思茅盆地内部高级别河网的发育受岩性变化的影响较小,而主要受走滑断裂活动的影响。 相似文献
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Wang Qiong Wang Shanyong Su Wei Pan Dongyue Zhang Zhen Ye Weimin 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(7):2943-2954
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沈阳市阳光港湾建筑群高层建筑采用筏板基础,多层建筑采用人工挖孔灌注桩基础,在基础施工时,均需进行相应的降水工作。采用了分期降水的施工方法,首期降水施工是在分析场地水文地质条件的基础上,利用稳定流"大井法"预算基坑的涌水量,布置了9口井,使基坑周边的1#、2#、3#、4#观测孔水位均下降至5.11m,基本上达到了首期的降水的目的;第二期降水是利用首期降水观测的水位资料,采用稳定流干扰井群计算公式对场区地下水位进行了预报,重新设计了3口井。12口井全部投放使用后,测得稳定排水量为43 000m3/d,并形成了以基坑为中心的地下水降落漏斗,降水效果明显。此经验值得同类工程借鉴。 相似文献
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滇中地区作为青藏高原东南缘构造活动最强烈的地区之一,发育了许多活动走滑断裂,并且在该区域上密布着不同级别的河网,为利用河网分析断裂活动提供了有利条件。为揭示滇中河网发育与断裂活动内在联系,本文基于30 m分辨率的SRTM-3数字高程模型(DEM)在ArcGIS环境下提取了滇中地区金沙江、珠江、红河内的20条支流的河流网络,分析其典型的河网参数(分支比和长度比),通过这些比值与Horton定律描述的一般性河流网络进行对比。同时,基于ArcGIS空间分析技术及Matlab程序脚本系统,对这20条河流流域纵剖面进行定量化研究,分析其河道基岩侵蚀力模型,得到S-A拟合图解。结果表明:滇中地区金沙江、珠江、红河中大多数与断裂带重合的高级别河流的支流,河网发育明显地受到了断裂活动的影响;在河道基岩侵蚀力模型S-A拟合图中呈现为上凸和下凹相间排列,这一现象在金沙江流域的各支流最为显著,造成这一现象的原因可能是研究区内的河道主要受走滑断裂控制,当断裂以压扭性为主时,河道的隆升量大于剥蚀量,S-A拟合曲线表现为上凸;当断裂以张扭性为主时,河道的隆升量小于剥蚀量,S-A拟合曲线表现为下凹。通过对河网构造地貌特征的研究可以使我们更好地理解该地区的构造活动特征。 相似文献
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为研究崇明岛河网浮游植物和无机、有机氮的时空分布特征及其相互关系,于2014年1、4、7和10月在崇明岛河网内选取界河、堡镇港、八滧港3条河道9个采样点采集浮游植物和表层水样,并选取崇西水闸作为对照点进行研究.结果表明:河网内浮游植物以绿藻和硅藻为主,其中水闸和堡镇港夏季裸藻生物量所占比例超过50%.八滧港总溶解性氮(TDN)的主要组分是溶解性无机氮,而水闸、界河和堡镇港溶解性有机氮(DON)在TDN中的比例在夏、秋季低于冬、春季,农田土壤释放可能是DON的重要来源.水温、溶解氧和化学需氧量是影响铵态氮浓度变化的重要环境因素.此外,通过冗余分析发现,铵态氮影响绿藻和裸藻分布,尿素影响甲藻分布. 相似文献
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Yilan Liao Wenwen Chen Kaichao Wu Dongyue Li Xin Liu Guanggang Geng Zheng Su Zheng Zheng 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(5):969-983
The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet. With the growing number of domain names and Internet users, the growing rate and number of visit quantity and analytic capacity of DNS are also proportional to the Internet users' size. This study (based on the analysis of access popularity and the distribution of massive DNS log data) aims to optimize the configuration of the DNS sites, which has become an important problem. The ArcGIS software is used to show the temporal and spatial distributions of visit source of DNS logs. This study also analyzes the influence of different sites and the dependence on DNS service in different regions of the world. This information is important to further decision‐making on new DNS site selection. This article proposes new DNS site selection solutions, using particle swarm and multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithms for one new site and multiple sites, respectively. The results from particle swarm optimization, genetic, and simulated annealing algorithms were compared and experimental results confirmed the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods. The proposed methods could also be extended to solve other layout related issues, such as onsite facility layout and road network optimization. 相似文献
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