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1.
M.E. vinogradov E.A. Shushkina V.I. Vedernikov N.P. Nezlin V.I. Gagarin 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1997,44(9-10)
Data collected from 20 years of observations by the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (about 250 comprehensive ecosystem stations) are summarized to evaluate the primary production and biomass of the principal groups of plankton in the Pacific Ocean. The stations were classified into geographical regions according to satellite determined criteria. The areas of these regions were evaluated according to CZCS data from 1978 to 1986. The total value of primary production was evaluated as 26·9 Gt C year−1. Taking the “bottle effect” correction into account, this value may be as high as 45.6 Gt C year−1. Total biomass values of phytoplankton (134 Mt C), bacteria (86 Mt C), protozoa (26 Mt C) and mesoplankton (184 Mt C) were also calculated. Seasonal variabilities of all these values were remarkably insignificant. 相似文献
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A discussion of the influence of sea roughness and spatial atmospheric inhomogeneities on the precision of satellite microwave radiometric measurements of the atmospheric parameters is presented. The two-scale model for microwave radiation of the ruffled sea surface without foam and spray is confirmed by experimental measurements. Investigations of the brightness temperature fluctuations of the clear and cloudy atmosphere are made using aircraft experimental measurements at the wavelengths 0.8 and 1.35 cm. Calculations of the radiation averaged over a satellite antenna footprint are carried out on the basis of these results and of well-known results of optical and infrared measurements. It is shown that sea roughness and the nonuniformity of clouds may result in errors in the integrated atmosphere water vapor and cloud liquid water content determination by satellite two-wavelength (0.8 and 1.35 cm) radiometric measurements up to 30 and 70 percent, respectively. 相似文献
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Demidov A. B. Gagarin V. I. Eremeeva E. V. Artemiev V. A. Polukhin A. A. Shchuka S. A. Grigoriev A. V. Khrapko A. N. Flint M. V. 《Oceanology》2021,61(5):645-661
Oceanology - Spatial and vertical variability of primary production (PP) and Chl a were studied in the framework of the 76th cruise of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh to the Kara Sea from July 7 to... 相似文献
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Production parameters of surface phytoplankton were measured along three transects: La Manche-Cape Town (I); Cape Town-54°S (II); 0°-49°W (along 54°S) (III). The Canary upwelling waters were most productive along transect I, where the surface chlorophyll a (Chl 0) and the surface primary production (PP 0) were as high as 4.3 mg/m3 and 173 mg C/m3 per day, respectively. Mosaic patterns in the distribution of these parameters were recorded in the northeastern regions of the South Subtropical Anticyclonic Gyre (Chl 0 = 0.03–0.35 mg/m3; PP 0 = 1.6–12.6 mg C/m3 per day). Along transect II, the average twofold southward increase in Chl 0 (from 0.2 to 0.4 mg/m3) and the concurrent decline of the phytoplankton assimilation activity ( AN 0) resulted in deviations from typical latitudinal changes inPP 0. At most sites, PP 0 values varied between 6 and 15 mg C/m3 per day. Negligible changes in Chl 0 (0.36–0.85 mg/m3), PP 0 (8–19 mg C/m3 per day), and AN 0 (0.7–1.6 mg C/mg chl a per hour) were registered for the oceanic waters along transect III. Along all the transects, PP 0 depended on Chl 0 to a greater extent than AN 0. The values of the latter parameter were largely determined by the water temperature and showed a slight correlation with the insolation. Along transect II, the integrated primary production (PP int) and the layer-integrated chlorophyll a in the upper 200 m (Chl 0–200) generally varied from 180 to 360 mg C/m2 per day and from 30 to 70 mg/m2, respectively. In the Polar Front region, an increase in Chl 0–200, PP int, Chl 0, and PP 0 up to respective values of 190 mg/m2, 520 mg C/m2 per day, 1.2 mg/m3, and 32 mg C/m3 per day was observed. A comparison of the water column (0–100 m) stability with the vertical distribution of the primary production and chlorophyll content along transect II implies that the thick (>100 m) upper mixed layer (UML) formed in response to the strong water cooling and wind forcing was largely responsible for the limited primary production in the Subantarctic and Antarctic regions. The large UML thickness resulted in an intense removal of plant cells from the photosynthetic layer and light starvation of a significant (up to 60%) part of the phytoplankton community. 相似文献
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Doklady Earth Sciences - The spatial variability of primary production in the East Siberian Sea over a large-scale aquatic area was characterized for the first time by the data of cruise 69 of R/V... 相似文献
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The seasonal variability of the surface chlorophyll “a” (Chl-s) was studied for five different hydrological areas in the Drake Passage. The data were collected both in the field (December
2001–March 2002, and November 2007) and by satellite observations. One maximum of Chl-s was registered for the area northward of the Antarctic Polar Front in November 2007. This maximum moves southwards to the
Antarctic and Continental Antarctic regions in December and January, respectively. The major factors affecting the phytoplankton
growth were analyzed, namely, the decrease of the mixed water layer’s depth due to jogging during the austral late spring
and summer and seasonal water temperature increase. The comparison of the field and satellite data allows us to conclude that
the standard OC4v4 algorithm usually underreports the Chl-s concentration when it exceed 0.2 mg m−3. 相似文献
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In December–January of 2010 the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton production characteristics was studied along transects
in the vicinity of the Greenwich meridian (I) and in the Drake Passage (II). On transect I, the surface chlorophyll a concentration and primary production varied from 0.11 up to 3.57 mg/m3 and from 4.38 up to 37.47 mgC/m3 per day, respectively. The chlorophyll a in the photosynthetic layer and the integrated primary production varied from 10.7 up to 66.1 mg/m2 and from 83 to 646 mgC/m2 per day, respectively. On transect II in the surface layer, the chlorophyll a concentration changed within the range of 0.09–1.02 mg/m3 and the primary production ranged from 2.08 to 9.49 mgC/m3. The integrated values ranged from 6.32 to 38.29 mg/m2 and from 41 to 221 mgC/m2 per day, respectively. The moderate means of themaximum quantum yield (F
v/F
m) on transects I and II (0.41 and 0.35, respectively) testify to the low activity of the phytoplankton’s photosynthetic apparatus.
The studied water areas in the Southern Ocean differed both in the phytoplankton biomass expressed in the chlorophyll a concentration values and in the conditions of the primary production formation. 相似文献
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High seismic activity, difficult permafrost and hydrogeological conditions of South Yakutia (Russia) complicate building and exploitation of engineering construction and require additional detailed and complex research. These conditions are evident within two sites. The first site is located in the middle reach of the Duray River, where it is crossed by the highway Lena. The second site is located on the right side of the Chulmakan River Valley, 400 meters to the east of the ESPO oil pipeline route. Seismic events, occurring four years ago, led to landslides in the mentioned sites. Formation of joint fissures on slopes assisted drainage of aquifers of free water exchange zone. It is worth noting that at the Duray River site, 59 cm of active soil slumping movement towards the roadbed has occurred within two summer months. Such a process is complicated by cryogenic disintegration of rocks in the base of the landslide body due to groundwater discharge and icing formation in winter. 相似文献
10.
M. V. Flint T. N. Semenova E. G. Arashkevich I. N. Sukhanova V. I. Gagarin V. V. Kremenetskiy M. A. Pivovarov K. A. Soloviev 《Oceanology》2010,50(5):766-779
The studies were carried out on September 27–30, 2007, in the area of the Ob estuarine frontal zone and over the adjacent
inner Kara Sea shelf. Based upon the latitudinal changes in the salinity, the 100 nautical mile wide estuarine frontal zone
was marked out. The frontal zone was inhabited by a specific zooplankton community dominated by species that occurred outside
the frontal zone in only minor amounts. The biomass of the mesozooplankton averaging 984 mg/m3 in the frontal zone exceeded by 1.5 and 6 times the corresponding values in the inner desalinated area of the estuary and
the adjacent areas of the Kara Sea shelf. At the inner southern periphery of the frontal zone, at maximal latitudinal salinity
gradients (>2 psu per mile), the maximal development of the mesoplankton with the mean biomass for the water column of 3.1
g/m3 (37 g/m2) and up to 5.8 g/m3 in the subpycnocline layer was observed. The latitudinal extension of the biomass in the maximum zone did not exceed 10 miles.
More than 90% of the maximum was composed of herbivorous zooplankton with the strong domination of the copepod Limnocalanus macrurus. The daily consumption within the zooplankton maximum area was estimated at 820 mgC/m2 per day. This value exceeds by two orders of magnitude the local primary production. At that level of consumption, the available
phytoplankton biomass was consumed by grazers in less than 8 hours (!). A zooplankton aggregation at the southern periphery
of the estuarine front exists due to the advection of phytoplankton from the adjacent river zone. The aggregation forms a
natural pelagic biofilter where new allochthonous organic matter delivered by the river flow is accumulated and high secondary
production is formed on its basis. An anomalously high concentration of planktic predatory Parasagitta elegans with biomass of over 1 g/m3 (46% of the total zooplankton biomass) was associated with the outer northern periphery of the estuarine frontal zone. 相似文献