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Résumé Un gradient thermique important créé entre une aiguille creuse chaude et une plaque de verre froide permet la capture des particules de l'air qui est insufflé dans l'aiguille.
Summary An important thermic gradient created between an hollow needle and a cold plate allows the capture of particules of the air which is insufflated in the needle.相似文献
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2008年MW7.9汶川地震导致龙门山断裂发生强烈地壳变形,同时引发的巨量同震滑坡加速了该地区的地表剥蚀和河流侵蚀.然而,目前尚缺少系统的数据定量研究滑坡物质的运移以及河流侵蚀速率随时间的演化规律,这些对理解龙门山前缘物质的再分配以及强震对活动造山带地形塑造的作用至关重要.为此,本研究在汶川地震后的6年间,对震区沱江上游3条支流湔江、石亭江、绵远河流域进行了多期次的定点现代河沙采样.通过系统测量河沙中的石英10Be浓度,并与震前已发表的数据进行对比,发现如下基本特点：（1）震后河沙10Be浓度均有明显降低,表明同震滑坡物质对河沙的稀释作用;（2）震后河流对河沙的运移量增加为震前的1.3~18.5倍,因此震后龙门山地区侵蚀速率短期显著增加;（3）初步估计得到汶川地震产生的滑坡物质被完全运移出造山带所需要的时间至少为100~4000年,接近龙门山地区强震复发周期;（4）震间和同震产生的构造变形和地表剥蚀在空间上具有互补性.考虑到地表剥蚀引起的地壳均衡反弹效应,认为类似汶川地震的强震有利于龙门山的隆升.认识震前、震时和震后的地壳变形及侵蚀过程有助于更好地理解单次强震事件对高原边界龙门山地形演化的作用. 相似文献
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Platinum-group element (PGE) abundances in mantle rocks are generally considered to result from a late meteorite addition to the early Earth, post-dating the core separation event. As such, PGEs are key tracers for the Earth accretion history. For decades, the PGEs systematics of undepleted mantle peridotites has been used to constrain the composition of meteorite impactors involved in the late veneer material. Despite multiple evidence of considerable modifications by partial melting, harzburgites from the Sumail ophiolite (Oman) display a mean PGE composition very akin to recently refined estimates for the Primitive Upper Mantle (PUM) of the Earth. These rocks document a resetting of the PUM signature by percolating basaltic melts, which precipitated Pd-enriched Cu–Ni sulphides within a strongly Pd-depleted residual harzburgitic protolith. Such a resetting casts doubt on both the reliability of any PUM estimates and relevance of the PUM concept itself, at least for PGEs. 相似文献
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Boudier Françoise Godard Marguerite Armbruster Catherine 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2000,21(3-4):307-326
The eastern end of the Haylayn massif exposes a complex paleoridge structure interpreted as the tip of a northwestward propagating segment (Nicolas et al., this issue). The area, revisited from a petrostructural and geochemical viewpoint, offers the most documented exposures of the association of olivine gabbros and gabbronorites in Oman (Juteau et al., 1988). Gabbronorites were injected while the main gabbro unit was deforming in the magmatic state. Both units do not differ chemically, except for the SiO2 enrichment of the orthopyroxene-rich gabbros relative to olivine-gabbro. In addition, they display the same trace element signature, which implies the same parent magma for both units. The extension of the stability field of orthopyroxene is assigned to increase of oxygen fugacity due to hydration. The source of hydration is the ridge axis hydrothermal circulation, suggesting hydrothermal/magma interaction at temperatures above the gabbro solidus. The distribution of gabbronorites at the scale of the entire ophiolite suggests a relation with ridge tectonics where high-T conditions of hydrothermal-magmatic interaction are met. Such conditions are met when propagating segments rotate the structures of the dying magma chamber. 相似文献
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A petrological and mineralogical study, using an electron microprobe, of a blue-amphibole eclogite occurring near Nantes (Massif Armoricain, France) has enabled us to characterize this amphibole as glaucophane resulting from a secondary reaction in the rock. This sodic amphibole was formed at the expense of primary eclogite paragenesis including omphacite, garnet and quartz, according to a sliding reaction which it was possible to study quantitatively: 3.24 omphacite+0.90 SiO2+0.76 garnet+1.08 H2O =1 glaucophane+0.55 grossular (S.S. in the garnet) +0.04 paragonite.This reaction is accompanied by a variation in the distribution of iron and magnesium between the amphibole, the garnet and the omphacite.The appearance of the glaucophane can be explained as the beginning of a retromorphic evolution from the stable physical conditions of the primary eclogite paragenesis (650±100° C; minimum pressure 15 Kb). 相似文献
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Abdelmadjid Seddiki Bertrand Moine Jean Yves Cottin Jérôme Bascou Marguerite Godard François Faure Michèle Bourot-Denise Nacera Remaci 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3175-3184
NWA2268 is a polymict eucrite discovered in the Sahara, at southwest Algeria, close to the region of Tindouf. This meteorite weighs 65 g and presents a thin black fusion crust. The rock is fine- to medium-grained breccia and contains mineral fragments of plagioclases, pyroxenes, spinel, olivine and silica. The rock contains some basaltic fragments with sub-ophitic or cumulative textures, constituted by plagioclases and exsolved pigeonite. Pyroxferroite grains are present and locally destabilised in an association of hedenbergite, fayalite and silica. It also presents unequilibrated eucritic clast with heterogeneous pyroxenes and plagioclases compositions. Pyroxenes in the all of the other clasts have equilibrated composition, with exolved pigeonites with augite lamellaes. This polymict eucrite contains also partially devitrified glass that represents impact melts linked to impact event. None recrystallization of this glass confirms a lack of post-brecciation metamorphism. Diogenitic fragments are less abundant than 10 %. The oxygen isotopic composition of NWA2268 is Δ17O (?0.43). This meteorite is interpreted as belonging to the HED group attributed to the 4-Vesta asteroid. 相似文献
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Morphological controls on the dynamics of carbonate landscapes under a mediterranean climate 
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下载免费PDF全文 Franck Thomas Vincent Godard Olivier Bellier Esmaeil Shabanian Vincent Ollivier Lucilla Benedetti Magali Rizza Nicolas Espurt Valéry Guillou Fabrice Hollender Stéphane Molliex ASTER Team 《地学学报》2017,29(3):173-182
The influence of the morphological setting on the denudation of carbonate landscapes and the respective contributions of mechanical and chemical weathering processes are still debated. We have addressed these questions by measuring 36Cl concentrations in 40 samples from the Luberon mountain, SE France, to constrain the denudation of various landscape elements. We observe a clear contrast between the local denudation rates from the flat summit surface, clustered around 30 mm/ka, and the basin‐average denudation rates across the flanks, ranging from 100 to 200 mm/ka. This difference highlights the transient evolution of the range, whose topography is still adjusting to previous uplift events. Such a pattern also suggests that carbonate dissolution is not the only driver of denudation in this setting, which appears to be significantly controlled by slope‐dependent processes. 相似文献