Time resolved simulation of lightning by lip     

Jebens DS  Lakkaraju HS  McKay CP  Borucki WJ 《Geophysical research letters》1992,19(3):273-276

In this letter, we report results of time resolved spectra of lightning simulation in air by laser-induced plasma (LIP). The measured electron temperatures varied from (1.7 +/- 0.1)X10(4) K at 600 ns to (1.2 +/- 0.1)X10(4)K at 4 microseconds after the ignition of the plasma. Electron densities in the plasma varied from (7.0 +/- 1.4)X10(17)/cm3 to (9.0 +/- 1.8)X10(16)/cm3 for the above times. We also present, for the first time, a comparison of state variables for LIP and natural lightning. We find that immediately following the ignition both natural lightning and LIP reach temperatures in excess of 16,000K and relax to ambient pressure with different rates. They are expected to approach 2000 - 4000 K temperature range, which is important to chemical synthesis, in an asymptotically similar fashion.  相似文献   

用Monte-Carlo模拟方法评价桥基岩体结构性质     

贾洪彪  唐辉明  刘佑荣 《岩土力学》2002,23(Z1)

主要介绍了利用Monte-Carlo随机模拟方法确定北盘江大桥桥基岩体的结构性质.岩体的结构性质是控制岩体物理力学性质进而影响岩体稳定性的最关键的因素,对它的研究历来是岩体力学研究的重点.但由于结构面深埋岩体内部,无法直接观测,因而研究起来特别困难.而Monte-Carlo随机模拟方法可根据结构面发育的随机性,并通过对岩体表面结构面的测量,可以很方便地确定岩体结构面三维网络结构,从而揭示岩体的结构性质.从Monte-Carlo随机模拟方法在北盘江大桥桥基岩体中的应用可以看出,这种方法十分有效.  相似文献   

MAROS: a decision support system for optimizing monitoring plans   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Aziz JJ  Ling M  Rifai HS  Newell CJ  Gonzales JR 《Ground water》2003,41(3):355-367

The Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System (MAROS), a decision-support software, was developed to assist in formulating cost-effective ground water long-term monitoring plans. MAROS optimizes an existing ground water monitoring program using both temporal and spatial data analyses to determine the general monitoring system category and the locations and frequency of sampling for future compliance monitoring at the site. The objective of the MAROS optimization is to minimize monitoring locations in the sampling network and reduce sampling frequency without significant loss of information, ensuring adequate future characterization of the contaminant plume. The interpretive trend analysis approach recommends the general monitoring system category for a site based on plume stability and site-specific hydrogeologic information. Plume stability is characterized using primary lines of evidence (i.e., Mann-Kendall analysis and linear regression analysis) based on concentration trends, and secondary lines of evidence based on modeling results and empirical data. The sampling optimization approach, consisting of a two-dimensional spatial sampling reduction method (Delaunay method) and a temporal sampling analysis method (Modified CES method), provides detailed sampling location and frequency results. The Delaunay method is designed to identify and eliminate redundant sampling locations without causing significant information loss in characterizing the plume. The Modified CES method determines the optimal sampling frequency for a sampling location based on the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty in its concentration trend. MAROS addresses a variety of ground water contaminants (fuels, solvents, and metals), allows import of various data formats, and is designed for continual modification of long-term monitoring plans as the plume or site conditions change over time.  相似文献   

燕山水库的主要环境工程地质问题     

杨锋  杨裕云  刘佑荣 《河南国土资源》1998,(1)

本文在简要介绍燕山水库工程地质环境的基础上,分析论述了可能产生的环境工程地质问题。指出水库淹没及浸没、水库诱发地震、坝基渗透变形及膨胀土体稳定问题是该水库的主要环境工程地质问题,并提出了进一步研究的途径。  相似文献   

高应力区砂岩加卸载条件下能量变化规律及损伤分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

温韬  刘佑荣  胡政  牛超颖  王康 《地质科技情报》2015,(2):200-206

根据高应力区砂岩三轴压缩试验和峰前卸围压试验的结果,分析了砂岩在不同应力路径下的能量变化规律。试验结果表明,相同围压下,峰前卸围压试验的各能量指标(总吸收能、弹性应变能、耗散能)均小于三轴压缩试验,能量变化特征与其初始应力路径密切相关,且随围压的增大而增大。峰前储存的弹性应变能比耗散能多,耗散能只在临近峰值点处才迅速增加。能量的耗散会导致岩石产生损伤,并且使岩性劣化、丧失强度,从能量角度定义的损伤变量,可以得出结论:开始卸荷低围压下的损伤变量大于高围压下,临近破坏时高围压下的损伤变量大于低围压下;卸围压使岩样束缚减小,加速了损伤的发展,岩样所受的应力状态愈趋不平衡。因此,基于能量的角度来表征岩石的损伤演化更符合实际。  相似文献   

The Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian in West Chekiang     

SINGWU C.HS 《地质学报》1937,17(1)

In the winter of 1933,the writer paid a visit to Yüchien district,~1W Chekiang.The city of Yiichien is surrounded by hills generally about300 meters above sea level.The Hangchcw-Huichow Highway~2 passesthrough its southern vicinity,extending in an east-west direction.Thehills in the vicinity of the city were all considered as formed of Lower  相似文献   

98年中小型水平定向钻机回顾     

南希  HS 冯起增 《岩土钻凿工程》1999,(2):158-162

  相似文献   

高应力区砂岩加卸载条件下能量变化规律及损伤分析          下载免费PDF全文

温韬  刘佑荣  胡政  牛超颖  王康 《地质科技通报》2015,34(2):200

根据高应力区砂岩三轴压缩试验和峰前卸围压试验的结果,分析了砂岩在不同应力路径下的能量变化规律。试验结果表明,相同围压下,峰前卸围压试验的各能量指标(总吸收能、弹性应变能、耗散能)均小于三轴压缩试验,能量变化特征与其初始应力路径密切相关,且随围压的增大而增大。峰前储存的弹性应变能比耗散能多,耗散能只在临近峰值点处才迅速增加。能量的耗散会导致岩石产生损伤,并且使岩性劣化、丧失强度,从能量角度定义的损伤变量,可以得出结论:开始卸荷低围压下的损伤变量大于高围压下,临近破坏时高围压下的损伤变量大于低围压下;卸围压使岩样束缚减小,加速了损伤的发展,岩样所受的应力状态愈趋不平衡。因此,基于能量的角度来表征岩石的损伤演化更符合实际。   相似文献   

Distribution and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Sergipe River estuarine system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lima MB  Feitosa EA  Emídio ES  Dórea HS  Alexandre MR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(8):1721-1725

The assessment of aliphatic hydrocarbons was performed in the Sergipe River estuarine system, northeastern Brazil. Aliphatic hydrocarbons concentration ranged from 9.9 ug g?1 up to 30.8 ug g?1 of dry sediment. The carbon preference index (CPI, based on nC?? to nC?? range), indicated predominance of petrogenic input in two of the sites analyzed (P4 and P5). The unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was found to be present in seven of the nine sites sampled (except for P4 and P5). Overall, the results of this work suggest that there is a mix of organic matter sources to the sediment. Although the coast of Sergipe has an intense off shore petroleum exploration and the Sergipe River crosses the entire city of Aracaju, the capital city of Sergipe, non-significant anthropogenic fingerprint was assessed.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial fish and lobsters from the coastal waters of Madagascar following an oil spill in August 2009     

Rumney HS  Laruelle F  Potter K  Mellor PK  Law RJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2859-2862

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in species of commercial fish and lobsters following an oil-spill just off the protected Madagascan coastline. Samples were collected along the coastline within and outside the affected area. Summed PAH concentrations ranged from 1.9 μg kg⁻¹ to 63 μg kg⁻¹ wet weight, but with no higher molecular weight PAHs (>202 Da) being detected. All concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene were <0.1 μg kg⁻¹ wet weight, well within the EU and UK set limits for the protection of human health. Additionally, samples were calculated as the benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ) and found to be well below the level of concern in relation to health of human consumers. Evaluation of the biota PAH data indicated the origin of PAH was predominantly petrogenic with >80% arising from oil sources. Profile studies indicate a low-level multisource petrogenic contamination probably representing a pre-spill background for the area.  相似文献