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We present a synoptic overview of the Miocene-present development of the northern Alpine foreland basin (Molasse Basin), with
special attention to the pattern of surface erosion and sediment discharge in the Alps. Erosion of the Molasse Basin started
at the same time that the rivers originating in the Central Alps were deflected toward the Bresse Graben, which formed part
of the European Cenozoic rift system. This change in the drainage direction decreased the distance to the marine base level
by approximately 1,000 km, which in turn decreased the average topographic elevation in the Molasse Basin by at least 200 m.
Isostatic adjustment to erosional unloading required ca. 1,000 m of erosion to account for this inferred topographic lowering.
A further inference is that the resulting increase in the sediment discharge at the Miocene–Pliocene boundary reflects the
recycling of Molasse units. We consider that erosion of the Molasse Basin occurred in response to a shift in the drainage
direction rather than because of a change in paleoclimate. Climate left an imprint on the Alpine landscape, but presumably
not before the beginning of glaciation at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary. Similar to the northern Alpine foreland, we do
not see a strong climatic fingerprint on the pattern or rates of exhumation of the External Massifs. In particular, the initiation
and acceleration of imbrication and antiformal stacking of the foreland crust can be considered solely as a response to the
convergence of Adria and Europe, irrespective of erosion rates. However, the recycling of the Molasse deposits since 5 Ma
and the associated reduction of the loads in the foreland could have activated basement thrusts beneath the Molasse Basin
in order to restore a critical wedge. In conclusion, we see the need for a more careful consideration of both tectonic and
climatic forcing on the development of the Alps and the adjacent Molasse Basin. 相似文献
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Seismic hazard assessment of slow active fault zones is challenging as usually only a few decades of sparse instrumental seismic monitoring is available to characterize seismic activity. Tectonic features linked to the observed seismicity can be mapped by seismic imaging techniques and/or geomorphological and structural evidences. In this study, we investigate a seismic lineament located in the Swiss Alpine foreland, which was discussed in previous work as being related to crustal structures carrying in size the potential of a magnitude M 6 earthquake. New, low-magnitude (?2.0 ≤ ML ≤ 2.5) earthquake data are used to image the spatial and temporal distribution of seismogenic features in the target area. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are applied to the waveform dataset to better constrain earthquakes distribution and source processes. Potential tectonic features responsible for the observed seismicity are modelled based on new reinterpretations of oil industry seismic profiles and recent field data in the study area. The earthquake and tectonic datasets are then integrated in a 3D model. Spatially, the seismicity correlates over 10–15 km with a N–S oriented sub-vertical fault zone imaged in seismic profiles in the Mesozoic cover units above a major decollement on top of the mechanically more rigid basement and seen in outcrops of Tertiary series east of the city of Fribourg. Observed earthquakes cluster at shallow depth (<4 km) in the sedimentary cover. Given the spatial extend of the observed seismicity, we infer the potential of a moderate size earthquake to be generated on the lineament. However, since the existence of along strike structures in the basement cannot be excluded, a maximum M 6 earthquake cannot be ruled out. Thus, the Fribourg Lineament constitutes a non-negligible source of seismic hazard in the Swiss Alpine foreland. 相似文献
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S.A.P.L. Cloetingh P.A. Ziegler P.J.F. Bogaard P.A.M. Andriessen I.M. Artemieva G. Bada R.T. van Balen F. Beekman Z. Ben-Avraham J.-P. Brun H.P. Bunge E.B. Burov R. Carbonell C. Facenna A. Friedrich J. Gallart A.G. Green O. Heidbach A.G. Jones L. Matenco J. Mosar O. Oncken C. Pascal G. Peters S. Sliaupa A. Soesoo W. Spakman R.A. Stephenson H. Thybo T. Torsvik G. de Vicente F. Wenzel M.J.R. Wortel TOPO-EUROPE Working Group 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,58(1-4):1
TOPO-EUROPE addresses the 4-D topographic evolution of the orogens and intra-plate regions of Europe through a multidisciplinary approach linking geology, geophysics, geodesy and geotechnology. TOPO-EUROPE integrates monitoring, imaging, reconstruction and modelling of the interplay between processes controlling continental topography and related natural hazards. Until now, research on neotectonics and related topography development of orogens and intra-plate regions has received little attention. TOPO-EUROPE initiates a number of novel studies on the quantification of rates of vertical motions, related tectonically controlled river evolution and land subsidence in carefully selected natural laboratories in Europe. From orogen through platform to continental margin, these natural laboratories include the Alps/Carpathians–Pannonian Basin System, the West and Central European Platform, the Apennines–Aegean–Anatolian region, the Iberian Peninsula, the Scandinavian Continental Margin, the East-European Platform, and the Caucasus–Levant area. TOPO-EUROPE integrates European research facilities and know-how essential to advance the understanding of the role of topography in Environmental Earth System Dynamics. The principal objective of the network is twofold. Namely, to integrate national research programs into a common European network and, furthermore, to integrate activities among TOPO-EUROPE institutes and participants. Key objectives are to provide an interdisciplinary forum to share knowledge and information in the field of the neotectonic and topographic evolution of Europe, to promote and encourage multidisciplinary research on a truly European scale, to increase mobility of scientists and to train young scientists. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of continental topography research, and of the challenges to TOPO-EUROPE researchers in the targeted natural laboratories. 相似文献
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Egli Daniel Mosar Jon Ibele Tobias Madritsch Herfried 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(7):2297-2318
International Journal of Earth Sciences - Structural inheritance of preexisting crustal discontinuities is widely accepted to have played a crucial role during the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of... 相似文献
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