Seasonal growth and mortality of Euphausia superba in Admiralty Bay, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica     

McClatchie  Sam; Rakusa-Suszczewski  Stanislaw; Filcek  Krzysztof 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1991,48(3):335-342

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Valeur de la Pesanteur pour le Point Fondamental de Varsovie     

Stanislaw Pawlowski 《Journal of Geodesy》1959,33(3):75-82

Résumé Le système provisoire des mesures gravimétriques en Pologne a été établi pour le point fondamental de Varsovie sur la valeur: g=981,2412cm·sec⁻². De l'analyse des résultats obtenus par le système de rattachements modernes de Varsovie à Potsdam dont les mesures ont été effectuées par A. Kwiatkowski, P. Lejay, Reicheneder, Weiken, l'auteur déduit dans le système de Potsdam comme valeur de pesanteur la plus probable à Varsovie g=981,2400±0,0002 cm·sec⁻². Cette valeur a été vérifiée au moyen de l'analyse des rattachements indirects de Varsovie à Potsdam par les points pendulaires de Kielce, Cracovie, Racibórz (tableau 2), de Ciechanów, Goldap, Susz et Szczytno (tableau 3). Les données prises en considération proviennent de mesures effectuées avec des gravimètres de N?rgaard. La concordance des résultats particuliers a été vérifiée dans les limites d'erreurs moyennes d'observations. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude ont été consignés les résultats des dernières mesures absolues de la pesanteur à Washington et à Teddington qui ont permis de constater entre le système absolu et celui de Potsdam une différence de 15 à 20 mgals. Comité National Polonais de Géodésie  相似文献   

波兰煤矿瓦斯高效抽放技术特点     

员争荣 《煤田地质与勘探》2006,34(6):27-29

目前,在波兰41对主要生产矿井中,有23对高瓦斯矿井进行了瓦斯抽放。2004年瓦斯平均抽放率为30%,平均利用率为39%。根据瓦斯地质条件、瓦斯涌出特点和采区通风方式,着重介绍了波兰煤矿强化煤层、围岩和采空区瓦斯抽放,提高矿井瓦斯抽放效率的工艺技术特点。在工作面的瓦斯排放中,注重开采、通风与瓦斯抽放一体化,通过优化抽放钻孔布置,取得钻孔瓦斯抽放的最佳效果,是波兰煤矿瓦斯治理的一项成功经验,成为煤矿持续安全高效生产的重要技术保障。  相似文献   

Lu–Hf geochronology and trace element distribution in garnet: Implications for uplift and exhumation of ultra-high pressure granulites in the Sudetes, SW Poland     

Robert Anczkiewicz  Jacek Szczepa&#x;ski  Stanis&#x;aw Mazur  Craig Storey  Quentin Crowley  Igor M. Villa  Matthew F. Thirlwall  Teresa E. Jeffries 《Lithos》2007,95(3-4):363-380

Combining Lu–Hf garnet geochronology with in situ trace element analyses in garnet allowed us to gain new insight into the metamorphic evolution of UHP–UHT rocks in the Stary Gierałtów region, in the Polish Sudetes. Prograde garnet growth recorded by Rayleigh-type heavy REE (HREE) zoning in the felsic granulites indicates that the obtained 386.6 ± 4.9 Ma Lu–Hf age represents the time of garnet crystallization on a prograde UHP metamorphic path. The surrounding rocks were metamorphosed at the same time as indicated by 381.2 ± 6.7 Ma Sm–Nd garnet age obtained for the mid-crustal metapelites. The second metamorphic episode, which affected most of the lower crust in the Orlica–Śnieżnik Massif (OSM) occurred at ca. 340 Ma as determined by U–Pb zircon and Sm–Nd garnet dating of granulites in this and previous studies is interpreted as a high temperature event, which took place on a retrograde path.

Trace element distribution in garnets from the layered granulites showed significant differences in distribution of medium and HREE in garnets from mafic and felsic protoliths over the course of the metamorphic evolution. This had strong impact on the isotopic dating results and led to “decoupling” of the Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf clocks, which recorded timing of the two different metamorphic episodes separated by as much as 40 Ma. Moreover, the preservation of the HREE growth zonation profile in garnets from the felsic granulites whose minimum metamorphic temperature was established at 900 °C implies that the Lu–Hf system under relatively dry conditions does not undergo significant diffusional re-equilibration even at such extreme temperatures and therefore it sill provides the age of prograde garnet growth. Under hydrous conditions, at least some resetting will take place, as documented by the partially relaxed HREE zonation profile in the amphibolitised mafic granulite, which yielded a 10 Ma younger age. The HREE distribution study appeared to be a particularly valuable and essential tool, which allowed us to distinguish garnet growth from post-growth complexities and hence, provide improved age interpretation. Medium REE, on the other hand, did not show any obvious correlation with the isotopic signature of garnet.

Two distinct metamorphic episodes recorded in the Stary Gierałtów region show that buoyancy-driven uplift of UHP rocks can be arrested at the base of a continental crust if not supported by any additional force. In our case study, the UHP rocks would have never reached the surface if their uplift had not been resumed after a long pause under a different tectonic regime. The multistage, discontinuous uplift revealed by the UHP rocks of the OSM provides a new scenario for the exhumation of continental crust from mantle depths distinct from the fast-track exhumation histories recognized in UHP terranes elsewhere.  相似文献   

Three‐parameter discontinuous distributions for hydrological samples with zero values     

Stanislaw Weglarczyk  Witold G. Strupczewski  Vijay P. Singh 《水文研究》2005,19(15):2899-2914

A consistent approach to the frequency analysis of hydrologic data in arid and semiarid regions, i.e. the data series containing several zero values (e.g. monthly precipitation in dry seasons, annual peak flow discharges, etc.), requires using discontinuous probability distribution functions. Such an approach has received relatively limited attention. Along the lines of physically based models, the extensions of the Muskingum‐based models to three parameter forms are considered. Using 44 peak flow series from the USGS data bank, the fitting ability of four three‐parameter models was investigated: (1) the Dirac delta combined with Gamma distribution; (2) the Dirac delta combined with two‐parameter generalized Pareto distribution; (3) the Dirac delta combined with two‐parameter Weibull (DWe) distribution; (4) the kinematic diffusion with one additional parameter that controls the probability of the zero event (KD3). The goodness of fit of the models was assessed and compared both by evaluation of discrepancies between the results of both estimation methods (i.e. the method of moments (MOM) and the maximum likelihood method (MLM)) and using the log of likelihood function as a criterion. In most cases, the DWe distribution with MLM‐estimated parameters showed the best fit of all the three‐parameter models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Radzimowice Au–As–Cu deposit from the Kaczawa Mountains (Western Sudetes, Poland): an example of the transition of porphyry and epithermal style     

Stanislaw Z. Mikulski 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,39(8):904-920

The sheeted quartz–sulfide veins of the Radzimowice Au–As–Cu deposit in the Kaczawa Mountains are related to Upper Carboniferous post-collisional potassic magmatism of the composite Zelezniak porphyry intrusion. Multiple intrusive activity ranges from early calc-alkaline to sub-alkaline and alkaline rocks and is followed by multiple hydrothermal events. Early crustally derived dacitic magma has low mg# (<63) and very low concentrations of mantle-compatible trace elements, high large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), moderate light rare-earth elements (LREE), and low high-field-strength elements (HFSE). Later phases of more alkaline rocks have higher mg# (60–70), and LILE, LREE, and HFSE characteristics that indicate mafic magma contributions in a felsic magma chamber. The last episode of the magmatic evolution is represented by lamprophyre dikes which pre-date ore mineralization and are spatially related to quartz–sulfide–carbonate veins. The dikes consist of kersantite and spessartite of calc-alkaline affinity with K₂O/Na₂O ratios of 1.1–1.9, mg# of 77–79, and high abundances of mantle-compatible trace elements such as Cr, Ni, and V. They have high LILE, low LREE, and low HFSE contents suggesting a subduction-related post-collisional arc-setting. The mineralization started with arsenopyrite that was strongly brecciated and overprinted by multiple quartz–carbonate phases associated with base-metal sulfides and Au–Ag–Bi–Te–Pb±S minerals. The sulfur isotope composition of sulfides ranges from –1.1 to 2.8 ³⁴S and suggests a magmatic source. At least two generations of gold deposition are recognized: (1) early refractory, and (2) subsequent non-refractory gold mineralization of epithermal style. Co-rich arsenopyrite with refractory gold and pyrite are the most abundant minerals of the early stage of sulfide precipitation. Early arsenopyrite formed at 535–345°C along the arsenopyrite–pyrrhotite–loellingite buffer and late arsenopyrite crystallized below 370°C along the arsenopyrite–pyrite buffer. Non-refractory gold associated with base-metal sulfides and with Bi–Te–Ag–Pb–S mineral assemblages has an average fineness of about 685, and is represented by electrum of two generations, and minor maldonite (Au₂Bi). Fluid inclusions from various quartz generations co-genetic with base-metal sulfides and associated with carbonates, tellurides and non-refractory gold indicate fluids with moderate salinity (9–15 wt% NaCl equiv.) and a temperature and pressure drop from 350 to 190°C and 1.2 to 0.8 kbar, respectively. According to the result of the sulfur isotope fractionation geothermometer the temperature of base-metal crystallization was in the range from 322 to 289°C. Preliminary results of oxygen isotope studies of quartz from veins indicate a gradual increase in the proportion of meteoric water in the epithermal stage. The gold to silver ratio in ore samples with >3 ppm Au is about 1:5 (geometric mean). Hydrothermal alteration started with sericitization, pyritization, and kaolinitization in vein selvages followed by alkaline hydrothermal alteration of propylitic character (illitization and chloritization), albitization and carbonatization. The mineralization of the Radzimowice deposit is considered as related to alkaline magmatism and is characterized by the superposition of low-sulfidation epithermal mineralization on higher-temperature and deeper-seated mesothermal/porphyry style.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann  相似文献   

A socioethnic structure of Australian metropolitan cities     

Stanislaw Otok 《Geoforum》1977,8(3):145-153

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Violations of Gutenberg–Richter Relation in Anthropogenic Seismicity     

Pawel Urban  Stanislaw Lasocki  Patrick Blascheck  Aderson Farias do Nascimento  Nguyen Van Giang  Grzegorz Kwiatek 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(5):1517-1537

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Global stability of the ballooning mode in a cylindrical model     

N. G. Mazur  E. N. Fedorov  V. A. Pilipenko 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2013,53(4):448-456

Ballooning disturbances in a finite-pressure plasma in a curvilinear magnetic field are described by the system of coupled equations for the Alfvén and slow magnetosonic modes. In contrast to most previous works that locally analyzed the stability of small-scale disturbances using the dispersion relationship, a global analysis outside a WKB approximation but within a simple cylindrical geometry, when magnetic field lines are circles with constant curvature, is performed in the present work. This model is relatively simple; nevertheless, it has the singularities necessary for the formation of the ballooning mode: field curvature and non-uniform thermal plasma pressure. If the disturbance finite radial extent is taken into account, the instability threshold increases as compared to a WKB approximation. The simplified model used in this work made it possible to consider the pattern of unstable disturbances at arbitrary values of the azimuthal wavenumber (k _y ). Azimuthally large-scale disturbances can also be unstable, although the increment increases with decreasing azimuthal scale and reaches saturation when the scales are of the order of the pressure nonuniformity dimension.  相似文献   

Stability and equilibrium of emerged magnetic flux     

Kitchatinov  L.L.  Mazur  M.V. 《Solar physics》2000,191(2):325-340

We analyse stability and equilibrium of a unipolar large-scale magnetic field pervading a plane horizontal subphotospheric layer with the possible implications for sunspots in mind. Eddy diffusivity is applied to account for the effects of the small-scale convective turbulence. Diffusivity quenching by magnetic field results in a secondary large-scale instability. A linear stability analysis is performed to define the marginal stability boundary in parametric space and the unstable mode structure. The nonlinear dynamics of the unstable modes are followed numerically. The original state of a uniform vertical magnetic field is transformed via the instability into the nonlinear dynamical equilibrium with a highly intermittant distribution of the magnetic field. Magnetic flux is concentrated in a relatively small area surrounded by an almost field-free region. The role of the fluid motion in the hydromagnetic equilibrium is emphasized. Although the relevance of the instability to the process of sunspot formation is rather questionable, the resulting equilibrium structures are similar to mature spots in their thermal and magnetic properties. Also, the simulated flow structure agrees with helioseismic tomography results.  相似文献