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Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The effects of diameter and location of drain pipes on the uplift force and exit hydraulic gradient for a gravity dam are investigated. A numerical model...  相似文献   
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The Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation of the Zagros Basin is a thick sequence of shallow water carbonate. In the study area, it is subdivided into 14 microfacies that are distinguished on the basis of their depositional textures, petrographic analysis and fauna. Based on the paleoecology and lithology, four distinct depositional settings can be recognized: tidal flat, lagoon, barrier, and open marine. The Asmari Formation represents sedimentation on a carbonate ramp. In the inner ramp, the most abundant lithofacies are medium grained wackestone–packstone with imperforated foraminifera. The middle ramp is represented by packstone–grainstone to floatstone with a diverse assemblage of larger foraminifera with perforate wall, red algae, bryozoa, and echinoids. The outer ramp is dominated by argillaceous wackestone characterized by planktonic foraminifera and large and flat nummulitidae and lepidocyclinidae. Three third-order depositional sequences are recognized from deepening and shallowing trends in the depositional facies, changes in cycle stacking patterns, and sequence boundary features.  相似文献   
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Detailed local geological, geophysical, and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the alluvial aquifer in the Kangavar basin, West Iran to delineate the architecture of different subsurface geological horizons using lithologs and generated vertical electrical sounding (VES) data. An attempt has also been made to estimate aquifer transmissivity from resistivity data. Forty VESs were recorded with the Schlumberger electrode configuration in the study area; 28 of these were selected for evaluation. The maximum current electrode spacing was 400–500 m. The data obtained were interpreted by computer iterative modeling with curve matching for calibration purposes. In order to ascertain the subsurface geological framework, the general distribution of resistivity responses of the geological formations was obtained and geoelectrical sections along a number of lines were prepared. Probable aquifer horizons from these sections were identified. The transmissivity of the unconfined aquifer was computed by determining the Dar-Zarrouk parameters (longitudinal unit conductance and transverse unit resistance) and were compared with the actual field transmissivity. The results showed a direct relation between aquifer transmissivity and modified transverse resistance.  相似文献   
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Arabian Journal of Geosciences - Dust storms are one of the major environmental disasters in the arid regions of Middle East, occurring in very high frequency. As a result, monitoring dust storms...  相似文献   
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Multiple-step loading triaxial compression test (ML-TCT) method is a useful tool to evaluate strength parameters of rock samples using a single specimen applying several loading/unloading. However, because of accumulated damages in the specimen with repeated cycles of axial loading/unloading, the shear strength is prone to be underestimated. A multiple-step loading damage (MLD) model was proposed to simulate ML-TCT results. Two series of ML-TCTs were carried out on a sedimentary soft rock of mudstone. The first series was to determine the geotechnical parameters to describe the MLD model, and the second series was to verify the model. The results demonstrated that the proposed MLD model was powerful to simulate ML-TCTs on the mudstone and modify the results of carried out tests to generate more reliable results. Moreover, a generalized MLD model was constructed. This model allows prediction of peak deviator stresses and the relevant excess pore water pressures in a ML-TCT for rocks having different strength which generally are affected by the previous loading history. The generalized MLD model indicates that the margin between shear strength parameters obtained by single-step loading triaxial compression tests and ML-TCTs, increases with an increase in the rock strength. Moreover, upper bound values for effective cohesion, c′, and lower bound values for, effective friction angle, ?′, was obtained in a ML-TCT with increasing effective confining pressure, σ′c. Whereas, upper bound values for ?′ and lower bound values for c′ predicted in a ML-TCT with decreasing σ′c. It was concluded that, ML-TCT increasing σ′c is preferable to ML-TCT decreasing σ′c.  相似文献   
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Spatial distribution and structure of nematode assemblages in coastal sediments of the southern part of the Caspian Sea were studied in relation to environmental factors. By considering metals, organic matter, Shannon diversity index(H), maturity index(MI) and trophic diversity(ITD), ecological quality status of sediment was also determined. Fifteen nematode species belonging to eleven genera were identified at the sampling sites. Average density of nematode inhabiting in sediment of the studied area was 139.78±98.91(ind. per 15.20 cm~2). According to redundancy analysis(RDA), there was high correlation between metals and some species. Based on biological indicators, the studied area had different environmental quality. Generally, chemical and biological indices showed different results while biological indices displayed similar results in more sites.  相似文献   
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Natural Resources Research - Many arid regions in the world suffer from over-exploitation of local groundwater resources leading to the degradation of freshwater aquifer systems, drying of spring...  相似文献   
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Given the lack of suitable systems in the characterization of slope stability of heavily jointed rock masses, a new rock mass classification system called Slope Stability Rating (SSR) is proposed. In addition to the so-called modified Geological Strength Index, the proposed system considers five additional parameters whose relative effects on the stability of fractured rock slopes were precisely examined based on data retrieved from eight different rock slope sites in Iran. An overall rating for the rock mass is obtained from the summation of the individual ratings of each parameter. A number of design charts are provided as illustration. The new system was then validated based on 46 slope case histories from Iran and Australia. For this, by means of the design charts previously mentioned, a recommended stable angle for each slope was given and compared with the current slope conditions. As a result, SSR design charts for maximum excavation angle (FS = 1.0) and also for other more conservative excavation angles (FS = 1.2, 1.3, 1.5) were presented.  相似文献   
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