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1.
The objectives of this study are carried out a series of controlled large wave flume experiments using fine-grained sediment from the Huanghe River Delta, exploring the complete sequence of sediment behavior in the bottom boundary layer(BBL) during wave-induced liquefaction. The results show that:(1) The BBL in silty seabed is exposed to a progressive wave, goes through a number of different stages including compaction before liquefaction, sediment liquefaction, and compaction after liquefaction, which determines the range and thickness of BBL.(2) With the introduction of waves, first, the sediment surface has settled by an amount S(S=1–2 cm) in the course of wave loadings with an insufficient accumulation of pore water pressure. And a thin high concentration layer formed the near-bed bottom.(3) Once the liquefaction sets in, the liquefied sediment with an ‘orbital motion' and the sub-liquefied sediment form a two-layer-sediment region. The range of BBL extends downwards and stopped at a certain depth, subsequently, develops upwards with the compaction process. Meanwhile, resuspended sediments diffuse to the upper water column.(4) During the dynamics process of the BBL beneath progressive waves, the re-suspended sediment increment ranked as sediment liquefaction erosion before liquefaction compaction after liquefaction. 相似文献
2.
Based on our previous development of the molecular interaction potential for pure H2O and CO2 [Zhang, Z.G., Duan, Z.H. 2005a. Isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics simulations of the PVT properties of water over wide range of temperatures and pressures. Phys. Earth Planet Interiors149, 335-354; Zhang, Z.G., Duan, Z.H. 2005b. An optimized molecular potential for carbon dioxide. J. Chem. Phys.122, 214507] and the ab initio potential surface across CO2-H2O molecules constructed in this study, we carried out more than one thousand molecular dynamics simulations of the PVTx properties of the CO2-H2O mixtures in the temperature-pressure range from 673.15 to 2573.15 K up to 10.0 GPa. Comparison with extensive experimental PVTx data indicates that the simulated results generally agree with experimental data within 2% in density, equivalent to experimental uncertainty. Even the data under the highest experimental temperature-pressure conditions (up to 1673 K and 1.94 GPa) are well predicted with the agreement within 1.0% in density, indicating that the high accuracy of the simulation is well retained as the temperature and pressure increase. The consistent and stable predictability of the simulation from low to high temperature-pressure and the fact that the molecular dynamics simulation resort to no experimental data but to ab initio molecular potential makes us convinced that the simulation results should be reliable up to at least 2573 K and 10 GPa with errors less than 2% in density. In order to integrate all the simulation results of this study and previous studies [Zhang and Duan, 2005a, 2005b] and the experimental data for the calculation of volumetric properties (volume, density, and excess volume), heat properties, and chemical properties (fugacity, activity, and possibly supercritical phase separation), an equation of state (EOS) is laboriously developed for the CO2, H2O, and CO2-H2O systems. This EOS reproduces all the experimental and simulated data covering a wide temperature and pressure range from 673.15 to 2573.15 K and from 0 to 10.0 GPa within experimental or simulation uncertainty. 相似文献
3.
This work reports the application of thermodynamic models, including equations of state, to binary (salt-free) CH4-H2O fluid inclusions. A general method is presented to calculate the compositions of CH4-H2O inclusions using the phase volume fractions and dissolution temperatures of CH4 hydrate. To calculate the homogenization pressures and isolines of the CH4-H2O inclusions, an improved activity-fugacity model is developed to predict the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium. The phase equilibrium model can predict methane solubility in the liquid phase and water content in the vapor phase from 273 to 623 K and from 1 to 1000 bar (up to 2000 bar for the liquid phase), within or close to experimental uncertainties. Compared to reliable experimental phase equilibrium data, the average deviation of the water content in the vapor phase and methane solubility in the liquid phase is 4.29% and 3.63%, respectively. In the near-critical region, the predicted composition deviations increase to over 10%. The vapor-liquid phase equilibrium model together with the updated volumetric model of homogenous (single-phase) CH4-H2O fluid mixtures (Mao S., Duan Z., Hu J. and Zhang D. (2010) A model for single-phase PVTx properties of CO2-CH4-C2H6-N2-H2O-NaCl fluid mixtures from 273 to 1273 K and from 1 to 5000 bar. Chem. Geol.275, 148-160), is applied to calculate the isolines, homogenization pressures, homogenization volumes, and isochores at specified homogenization temperatures and compositions. Online calculation is on the website: http://www.geochem-model.org/. 相似文献
4.
5.
介绍一个预测不同温度、压力、盐度和沉积物毛细管孔径条件下甲烷水合物 溶液 气体多相平衡模型。该模型以Van der Waals和 Platteeuw热力学模型、量子力学从头算粒子相互作用势能、DMW 92状态方程和Pitzer电解质理论为基础,能在很宽广温压范围内预测温度、压力、盐度和毛细管力对甲烷水合物形成和分解的影响。通过对比本模型的预测结果与实验数据,可知本模型能够准确地预测海水和多孔介质中甲烷水合物的相平衡条件。对于一定盐度下多孔介质中甲烷水合物的形成温压条件的在线计算可浏览: www.geochem model.org/models.htm。 相似文献
6.
超临界流体热力学函数的理论计算 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Ｄｕａｎ等（１９９２。１９９６）基于分子间相互作用势能模型,建立了一个适合于超临界流体的状态方程,此方程能反演出世界上几十个实验室测定的成千上万个纯组分及混合物的ＰＶＴ（压力、体积、温度）数据（温压范围：Ｐ〈２ＧＰａ,Ｔｃ〈Ｔ〈２０００Ｋ）。最近的研究发现,此方程能准确预测Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４、Ｎ２及它们的混合物在Ｔ＝１．３Ｔｃ,Ｐ＝０到Ｔ＝２０００Ｋ,Ｐ＝１０ＧＰａ这一温压范围内的压力、体积、 相似文献
7.
岩性识别是地质工作中一项基础而又重要的工作。传统的岩性识别方法过于依赖经验和地质专业知识积累,不仅耗时长、专业性强,还易受主观因素影响,导致准确率不理想。笔者等首先回顾了传统的岩性识别方法,之后总结了最新涌现的智能化识别方法,最后详细介绍了基于岩石图像、镜下图像、图像与元素信息融合等的智能识别方法。基于岩石图像的识别方法对于文中的岩石识别准确率可达90%以上,基于图像与元素融合的岩性识别方法可以缓解图像相似度高、风化破坏表观特征等因素对识别准确度的影响。笔者等认为当前岩性智能化识别研究仍处于初级阶段,无法满足工程需求。综合各类数据源的优势,利用机器学习深度挖掘岩石元素、矿物、光谱和表观特征间的内在关联性,有利于突破单源信息的局限性,实现岩性快速准确识别。 相似文献
8.
Acta Geotechnica - Dual-porosity structures of fine-grained soils can noticeably affect their ability to retain water. This work jointly employs axis translation technique, filter paper method, and... 相似文献
9.
Acta Geotechnica - Fine-grained gassy marine sediments are widely distributed around the world, and the cyclic behavior of this type of sediments has a great influence on the foundations of... 相似文献
10.
An equation of state (EOS) based on thermodynamic perturbation theory is presented for the NaCl-H2O-CH4 system. This equation consistently reproduces PvTX properties and phase equilibria with an accuracy close to that of data in the temperature, pressure and concentration ranges from 648 K to 873 K, 0 to 2500 bar and up to 2.37 mol % NaCl. Good agreement with recent ternary immiscibility data from 673 K to 873 K suggests that the EOS may provide accurate predictions for NaCl concentrations as high as 40 mol %. We could not find any experimental data above 873 K that can be used to validate the predictions of the EOS inside the ternary. However, parameters for the mixed ternary system were established from parameters evaluated for pure and binary systems and accurate combination rules. Therefore, predictions in the ternary should be reliable to the high temperatures and pressures where the EOS for the lower order systems are valid (about 1300 K and 5000 bar). Using the same combining approach, an EOS for the quaternary NaCl-H2O-CO2-CH4 is constructed on the basis of parameters from our earlier model for the NaCl-H2O-CO2 system and the present NaCl-H2O-CH4 model. This suggests that predictions of the quaternary EOS are reliable also to about 1300 K and 5000 bar. 相似文献