BTOPMC模型与新安江模型在史河上游的应用比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许钦  任立良  杨邦  刘晓帆 《水文》2008,28(2):23-25

介绍了一个由TOPMODEL发展而来的基于栅格的分布式水文模型--BTOPMC模型.选取史河流域黄泥庄水文站以上集水面积为研究区域,在空间分辨率为30秒的数字高程模型数据基础上构建数字流域水系,基于IGBP全球陆面土地覆被数据以及FAO全球数字土壤数据运用BTOPMC模型和新安江模型分别对黄泥庄站1982年到1987年的日径流过程进行模拟.采用模拟与实测洪量比和确定性系数对两个模型的模拟结果进行比较分析.结果表明两个模型都能很好地模拟日径流过程,新安江模型有更好的模拟效果.  相似文献   

陆地生态系统碳汇在实现“双碳”目标中的作用和建议     

王国胜  孙涛  昝国盛  王棒  孔祥吉 《中国地质调查》2021,8(4):13-19

2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和(简称“双碳”)是我国对国际社会的庄严承诺,已被纳入生态文明建设的总体布局。生态系统碳汇是实现“双碳”目标的重要手段,也是林业和草原实现高质量发展的必然要求。国际有关机构对全球森林、草地和湿地生态系统的碳储量和碳循环进行了评估。自1990年以来,附件一国家(指《联合国气候变化框架公约》附件一列出的经济合作发展组织中所有发达国家和经济转型国家)对本国的碳排放和碳汇进行估算,编制了年度温室气体清单; 我国也编制了5次国家温室气体清单。这些工作对我国开展应对气候变化的研究提供了基础。提出了如下建议: 在编制“双碳” 路线图和时间表时,既要考虑我国生态系统碳汇与能源和工业领域碳排放在区域空间分布和时间维度上的差异性,也要考虑生态系统同时所具有的碳汇和碳排放的特殊性; 生态系统碳汇是碳达峰的非选项,是碳中和的必选项; 生态系统碳汇要遵循国家实现“双碳”目标的基本原则,要将生态系统碳汇作为国家生态建设和保护工程的主要目标,提高碳汇计量和监测能力,完善市场和融资机制。  相似文献   

Decoupling of the East Asian summer monsoon and Indian summer monsoon between 20 and 17 ka   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiuyang Jiang  Yaoqi He  Chuan-Chou Shen  Shi-Yu Lee  Bang Yang  Ke Lin  Zhizhong Li 《Quaternary Research》2014

Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 2, with its profound environmental and climatic changes from before the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the last deglaciation, is an ideal period for understanding the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and Indian summer monsoon (ISM), two Asian monsoon sub-systems. With 875 stable oxygen isotope ratios and 43 ²³⁰Th dates from stalagmites in Sanxing Cave, southwestern China, we construct and interpret a new, replicated, Asian summer monsoon (ASM) record covering 30.9–9.7 ka with decadal resolution. δ¹⁸O records from this site and other reported Chinese caves display similar long-term orbitally dominated trends and synchronous millennial-scale strong and weak monsoonal events associated with climate changes in high northern latitudes. Interestingly, Sanxing δ¹⁸O and Arabian Sea records show a weakening ISM from 22 to 17 ka, while the Hulu and Qingtian records from East and Central China express a 3-ka intensifying EASM from 20 to 17 ka. This decoupling between EASM and ISM may be due to different sensitivities of the two ASM sub-systems in response to internal feedback mechanisms associated with the complex geographical or land-ocean configurations.  相似文献   

自由测站边角交会网在工程中的应用     

邹浜  刘成龙  马洪磊  王迪 《测绘工程》2014,23(10):58-62

鉴于自由测站边角交会网具有网形规则、可靠性高、多余观测数多和观测时无需对中等优点,提出将自由测站边角交会网应用于长大隧道洞内平面控制、基坑水平位移监测和有砟轨道CPⅢ平面网建网中。研究结果表明,将自由测站边角交会网应用于上述工程中都能在一定程度上克服传统方法的不足,提高测量效率和精度,值得推广使用。  相似文献   

Bathymetry enhancement by altimetry-derived gravity anomalies in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kwang Bae Kim  Yu-Shen Hsiao  Jeong Woo Kim  Bang Yong Lee  Yi Kyun Kwon  Chang Hwan Kim 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2010,31(4):285-298

The gravity-geologic method (GGM) was used to enhance the bathymetry of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) with satellite altimetry-derived free-air gravity anomalies and shipborne depth measurements. By comparison with the bathymetry model of Smith and Sandwell’s (SAS) approach (1994), GGM was found to have an advantage with short wavelength (≤12 km) components, while SAS better predicts longer wavelength (≥25 km) components, despite its dependency on density contrast. To mitigate this limitation, a tuning density contrast of 10.25 g/cm³ between seawater and the seafloor was primarily estimated by the downward continuation method and then validated by the check points method with GGM. Similarly, SAS is limited by the “A” value in low-pass part of the Wiener filter, which defines the effective range of the wavelength components on bathymetry. As a final result, we present an enhanced GGM bathymetry model by integrating all available data.  相似文献   

A strip adjustment procedure to mitigate the impact of inaccurate mounting parameters in parallel lidar strips     

Ayman F.  Habib  Ana Paula  Kersting  Ki-In  Bang  Ruifang  Zhai  Mohannad  Al-Durgham 《The Photogrammetric Record》2009,24(126):171-195

Lidar (laser scanning) technology has been proven as a prominent technique for the acquisition of high-density and accurate topographic information. Because of systematic errors in the lidar measurements (drifts in the position and orientation information and biases in the mirror angles and ranges) and/or in the parameters relating the system components (mounting parameters), adjacent lidar strips may exhibit discrepancies. Although position and orientation drifts can have a more significant impact, these errors and their impact do not come as a surprise if the quality of the GPS/INS integration process is carefully examined. Therefore, the mounting errors are singled out in this work. The ideal solution for improving the compatibility of neighbouring strips in the presence of errors in the mounting parameters is the implementation of a rigorous calibration procedure. However, such a calibration requires the original observations, which may not be usually available. In this paper, a strip adjustment procedure to improve the compatibility between parallel lidar strips with moderate flight dynamics (for example, acquired by a fixed-wing aircraft) over an area with moderately varying elevation is proposed. The proposed method is similar to the photogrammetric block adjustment of independent models. Instead of point features, planar patches and linear features, which are represented by sets of non-conjugate points, are used for the strip adjustment. The feasibility and the performance of the proposed procedure together with its impact on subsequent activities are illustrated using experimental results from real data.  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷南斜坡断裂趋势带形成机制与控藏作用     

安邦  李宝刚  王伟锋  沈跃  孙艺飞  历鑫 《地质论评》2022,68(3):1049-1060

断裂趋势带是指盆地基底断裂继承性活动或盖层受到剪切作用影响而产生在盖层中的弱变形构造带,是主断裂面形成前的变形程度较弱的构造带。研究发现,东营凹陷南斜坡王家岗和八面河断裂趋势带是由一系列雁列式排列小断层带组成的,具有上宽下窄,下部收敛于主走滑断裂的特点。由于浅层没有主断层显现,故也称这种构造带为隐性断裂带,其形成机制和变形程度不同,发育的圈闭数量、圈闭性质等特征不同,富集油气的能力也有差异。构造物理模拟实验表明,王家岗和八面河断裂趋势带都形成于基底断裂走滑—伸展双重作用,前者走滑—伸展运动方向夹角为40°~50°,后者夹角为20°左右。前者处于断裂带发育的幼年期,变形程度较弱,趋势带宽度小,断裂密度小;后者处于断裂带发育的青年期,变形程度强,趋势带宽度大,断裂密度大,形成与断裂相关的圈闭数量多,油气聚集能力高于前者。根据断裂趋势带演化阶段、发育特征和源藏匹配关系,认为断裂趋势带变形强度是控制油气富集程度的关键因素。王家岗断裂趋势带成藏模式为“幼年期弱变形—单洼供烃成藏模式”,八面河断裂趋势带成藏模式为“青年期强变形—双洼供烃成藏模式”。  相似文献   

High-resolution climate simulation of the last glacial maximum     

Seong-Joong Kim  Thomas J. Crowley  David J. Erickson  Bala Govindasamy  Phillip B. Duffy  Bang Yong Lee 《Climate Dynamics》2008,31(1):1-16

The climate of the last glacial maximum (LGM) is simulated with a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model, the NCAR CCM3 at spectral truncation of T170, corresponding to a grid cell size of roughly 75 km. The purpose of the study is to assess whether there are significant benefits from the higher resolution simulation compared to the lower resolution simulation associated with the role of topography. The LGM simulations were forced with modified CLIMAP sea ice distribution and sea surface temperatures (SST) reduced by 1°C, ice sheet topography, reduced CO₂, and 21,000 BP orbital parameters. The high-resolution model captures modern climate reasonably well, in particular the distribution of heavy precipitation in the tropical Pacific. For the ice age case, surface temperature simulated by the high-resolution model agrees better with those of proxy estimates than does the low-resolution model. Despite the fact that tropical SSTs were only 2.1°C less than the control run, there are many lowland tropical land areas 4–6°C colder than present. Comparison of T170 model results with the best constrained proxy temperature estimates (noble gas concentrations in groundwater) now yield no significant differences between model and observations. There are also significant upland temperature changes in the best resolved tropical mountain belt (the Andes). We provisionally attribute this result in part as resulting from decreased lateral mixing between ocean and land in a model with more model grid cells. A longstanding model-data discrepancy therefore appears to be resolved without invoking any unusual model physics. The response of the Asian summer monsoon can also be more clearly linked to local geography in the high-resolution model than in the low-resolution model; this distinction should enable more confident validation of climate proxy data with the high-resolution model. Elsewhere, an inferred salinity increase in the subtropical North Atlantic may have significant implications for ocean circulation changes during the LGM. A large part of the Amazon and Congo Basins are simulated to be substantially drier in the ice age—consistent with many (but not all) paleo data. These results suggest that there are considerable benefits derived from high-resolution model regarding regional climate responses, and that observationalists can now compare their results with models that resolve geography at a resolution comparable to that which the proxy data represent.  相似文献   

北京集中绿化区气温对夏季高温天气的响应     

王喜全  王自发  郭虎  龚晏邦 《气候与环境研究》2008,13(1):39-44

利用自动气象站风、温、湿观测资料,对北京城市集中绿地缓解夏季高温(最高气温≥35 ℃)的效果进行了初步研究.研究结果表明:1)所研究的集中绿地都具有缩短高温持续时间的作用,但对最高气温的调节存在很大差异,有些集中绿地对最高气温几乎没有缓解作用,甚至有增温的可能.因此为发挥集中绿地缓解高温的效果,应尽可能提高绿地的通风条件.2)对北京城来说,集中绿地面积≥20 hm2时,降温效果比较显著.3)在高温天气情况下,集中绿地对高温的缓解作用对人体舒适度的改善,可能会由于集中绿地相对湿度较高而被抵消.  相似文献   

尼日尔Termit盆地上白垩统储层岩石学特征及控制因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛凤军  刘邦  刘计国  姜虹  袁圣强  郑凤云  李早红  王玉华 《岩石学报》2019,35(4):1257-1268

本文对尼日尔Termit盆地17口井218个井壁取芯样品开展普通薄片、阴极发光、X衍射、扫描电镜及重矿物分析,研究上白垩统储层的岩石学特征,并探讨其控制因素。实验分析结果表明,Termit盆地上白垩统储层的岩石类型主要为石英砂岩,成分成熟度高,以石英为主,含量达86%以上,钾长石、方解石及斜长石等含少量,占比约5%,这种岩石类型对原生孔隙的保存比较有利;填隙物主要为粘土杂基,含量为7%左右,矿物成分以高岭石为主,利于对晶间孔的保留;岩石中发育硅质、方解石和铁质等胶结类型,胶结物的含量占比较小,对储层的破坏作用不大;重矿物类型为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、锆石、磷灰石,推测物源区的母岩类型主要为花岗岩;以细粒结构和少量的不等粒结构为主,分选中等-差,磨圆度一般为次棱角-次圆状,磨圆差。与国内石英砂岩沉积于高能的滨浅海环境不同,研究区石英砂岩成分成熟度高,但分选程度和磨圆度较低,一方面反映了物源区母岩富含石英,同时也反映了这种石英砂岩沉积于近源的河流-三角洲环境。影响研究区上白垩统储层物性的主要因素是岩石类型及成岩作用,由于储层的岩石类型为石英砂岩,压实作用对储层的破坏作用较一般岩石类型偏小。砂岩埋深小于2500m时,主要发育原生孔隙,面孔率大于15%。溶蚀作用对本区储层产生一定的影响,最常见的为长石的溶蚀,溶蚀作用形成粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔,还会扩大原生孔隙形成混合孔,改善了砂岩的储集性能。  相似文献