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Noriyuki Suzuki 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1984,48(2):243-249
A preliminary attempt to fractionate amorphous kerogens from terrigenous bulk kerogen by a benzene-water two phase partition method under acidic condition was made. Microscopic observation revealed that amorphous kerogens and structured kerogens were fractionated effectively by this method. Characteristics of the amorphous and structured kerogens fractionated by this method were examined by some chemical analyses and compared with those of the bulk kerogen and humic acid isolated from the same rock sample (Haizume Formation, Pleistocene, Japan). The elemental and infrared (IR) analyses showed that the amorphous kerogen fraction had the highest atomic ratio and the lowest atomic ratio and was the richest in aliphatic structures and carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups. Quantities of fatty acids from the saponification products of each geopolymer were in agreement with the results of elemental and IR analyses. Distribution of the fatty acids was suggestive that more animal lipids participate in the formation of amorphous kerogens because of the abundance of relatively lower molecular weight fatty acids (such as C16 and C18 acids) in saponification products of amorphous kerogens. On the other hand, although the amorphous kerogen fraction tends to be rich in aliphatic structures compared with bulk kerogen of the same rock samples, van Krevelen plots of elemental compositions of kerogens from the core samples (Nishiyama Oil Field, Tertiary, Japan) reveal that the amorphous kerogen fraction is not necessarily characterized by markedly high atomic ratio. This was attributed to the oxic environment of deposition and the abundance of biodegraded terrestrial amorphous organic matter in the amorphous kerogen fraction used in this work. 相似文献
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Noriyuki KAWASAKI Naoya SAKAMOTO Hisayoshi YURIMOTO 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2012,47(12):2084-2093
Abstract– Different oxygen isotopic reservoirs have been recognized in the early solar system. Fluffy type A Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) are believed to be direct condensates from a solar nebular gas, and therefore, have acquired oxygen from the solar nebula. Oxygen isotopic and chemical compositions of melilite crystals in a type A CAI from Efremovka CV3 chondrite were measured to reveal the temporal variation in oxygen isotopic composition of surrounding nebular gas during CAI formation. The CAI is constructed of two domains, each of which has a core‐mantle structure. Reversely zoned melilite crystals were observed in both domains. Melilite crystals in one domain have a homogeneous 16O‐poor composition on the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral (CCAM) line of δ18O = 5–10‰, which suggests that the domain was formed in a 16O‐poor oxygen isotope reservoir of the solar nebula. In contrast, melilite crystals in the other domain have continuous variations in oxygen isotopic composition from 16O‐rich (δ18O = ?40‰) to 16O‐poor (δ18O = 0‰) along the CCAM line. The oxygen isotopic composition tends to be more 16O‐rich toward the domain rim, which suggests that the domain was formed in a variable oxygen isotope reservoir of the solar nebula. Each domain of the type A CAI has grown in distinct oxygen isotope reservoir of the solar nebula. After the domain formation, domains were accumulated together in the solar nebula to form a type A CAI. 相似文献
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Goro Komatsu Gian Gabriele Ori Marco Cardinale James M. Dohm Victor R. Baker David A. Vaz Ryo Ishimaru Noriyuki Namiki Takafumi Matsui 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(2-3):169-181
We discuss in this paper possible roles of methane and carbon dioxide in geological processes on Mars. These volatiles in the martian crust may migrate upward from their sources either directly or via various traps (structural, sedimentary, ground ice, gas hydrates). They are then likely emitted to the atmosphere by seepage or through diverse vent structures. Though gas hydrates have never been directly detected on Mars, theoretical studies favor their presence in the crust and polar caps; they could have played an important role as significant gas reservoirs in the subsurface. The martian gas hydrates would possibly be a binary system of methane and carbon dioxide occupying clathrate cavities. Landforms such as mud volcanoes with well-known linkage to gas venting are extensively distributed on Earth, and methane is the primary gas involved. Thus, identification of these landforms on Mars could suggest that methane and possibly carbon dioxide have contributed to geological processes of the planet. For example, we present a newly identified field in Chryse Planitia where features closely resembling terrestrial mud volcanoes occur widely, though with no observable activity. We also present results of a preliminary search for possible recent or present-day, methane-emission zones in the regions over which enrichments of atmospheric methane have been reported. 相似文献
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Noriyuki Iwata 《Journal of Oceanography》1976,32(1):1-10
Mass, momentum and energy conservation laws, including the radiation stress, are used to derive an equation of the eigenvalues of rip current spacing.A coastal region with linear bottom slope is divided into two parts: Offshore region and surfzone separated by the breaker line. Wave set-up, wave energy and mean current are assumed to be composed of basic state, which is a function of the distance from the coast to offshore only, and of superposed two-dimensional perturbations.In the case of normal incidence of waves, basic steady current system vanishes and perturbations are found to be of cellular shape. According to the boundary conditions at the coast, stream function of perturbed motion in the surfzone can be represented by the confluent hypergeometric function, while in the offshore zone it is approximated by the modified Bessel function.Interpolation of the stream functions in the surf and offshore regions enables us to obtain a characteristic relation which gives the eigenvalues of nondimensional alongshore spacing of rip current system as a function of a parameter determined by the bottom friction coefficient, width of the surfzone and breaker height. 相似文献
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We investigated the structure and persistency of the dominant sea-surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern in summer over
the North Pacific from 1960 to 2004, which has been attracting less attention than those in winter. The leading empirical
orthogonal functions (EOFs) for August and September, which can be treated as the summer patterns, rather resemble each other
in both spatial structure and time variations but are quite different from those of the other months. A lag correlation analysis
indicates that the summer patterns do not show significant persistency in the following winter and the summer of the next
year. An inappropriate definition of the summer season might obscure the characteristics of the dominant summer SST anomaly
pattern in the North Pacific. 相似文献
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Takuji Kobori Motoichi Takahashi Tadashi Nasu Naoki Niwa Katsura Ogasawara 《地震工程与结构动力学》1993,22(11):925-941
The Active Variable Stiffness (AVS) system is proposed as a seismic response control system. It actively controls structural characteristics, such as stiffness of a building, to establish a non-resonant state against earthquake excitations, thus suppressing the building's response. It consumes a relatively small amount of energy and maintains the safety of the building in moderate to severe earthquakes. In order to accumulate practical data and investigate them, a building has been constructed as a trial. This paper describes the applied system, the control algorithm, verification of stiffness selection, results of tests for verifying system characteristics, some observed earthquake records and simulation analyses. Responses in controlled and uncontrolled states have been compared to show the effectiveness of the proposed system. 相似文献
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Abstract The Sagara oil field is located in the Neogene Kakegawa Basin, close to the Izu collision zone at the junction between the main Japanese Islands and the Izu–Bonin Arc. The Sagara oil field is one of the few oil fields situated in a forearc basin on the Pacific side of Japan and is present in a sedimentary basin with poor oil-generating potential. Several crude oils from Sagara oil field were investigated to infer their origin. Organic geochemical characteristics of Sagara oils showed the influences of light biodegradation, migration-contamination, and migration-fractionation. The maturity levels of Sagara oils evaluated based on abundant alkylnaphthalenes corresponded to 0.9–1.2% vitrinite reflectance. Sagara oils were characterized by significant amounts of higher plant biomarkers, a high pristane/phytane ratio and an absence of organic sulphur compounds, suggesting a siliciclastic source rock deposited under nearshore to fluvial–deltaic environments. Numerous faults and fractures in the active forearc basin provided excellent conduits and facilitated upward migration of light hydrocarbons generated at greater depth in the Kakegawa Basin. 相似文献
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