Greening as strategic development in industrial change - Why companies participate in eco-networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eckhard Störmer 《Geoforum》2008,39(1):32-47

Networking between companies and other regional key actors has grown into a widespread instrument for economic development since the 1990s. Participatory networks have formed the concept for many activities of Local Agenda 21. Simultaneously, economic geography has focused on network theories to explain innovation in and the economic success of regions.This article focuses on the reasons why individual actors participate in environmentally oriented information networks. The questions approached are: Does the concept of learning within networks influence a firm’s development? How do the participants interact with each other? What effects do the networks have on their environment (arenas)?The changing arenas of a firm are analysed with regard to environmental concerns. These changes need to be anticipated for reliable strategies. To gain information and knowledge about current behaviour and activities, the functions of networks as learning platforms are discussed. Drawing upon arguments from different network theories, the motivations of participating in a network are threefold: actor and firm oriented, network internal (inter-firm), and network external. From these, a generic target cube of network motivations and actions is set up.The concept is reviewed by examining 12 ‘regional environmental information-oriented corporation networks’ (RUN) in the Greater Munich Area. The empirical material reveals that this type of network does not provide a guarantee for significant improvements in a firm’s environmental behaviour. However, participants learn about best practices while pursuing explicit or implicit aims as to influence their arenas.  相似文献   

Sustainable management of mixed demersal fisheries in the North Sea through fleet-based management a proposal from a biological perspective     

Ratz  Hans-Joachim; Bethke  Eckhard; Dorner  Hendrik; Beare  Doug; Groger  Joachim 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(4):652-660

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Natural environmental changes and human impact reflected in sediments of a high alpine lake in Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Ohlendorf  M. Sturm  S. Hausmann 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(3):297-306

From the high alpine Sägistalsee (1935 m a.s.l.), 13.50 m of continuously laminated sediments comprising the last 9050 years, were analyzed. Even though Sägistalsee is a high elevation site, human-induced environmental changes start as early as 4300 cal. BP and leave a clearly detectable signal in the mineralogy of the sediments, which is much stronger than the signal from natural environmental changes that occurred before this time. Variations in the physical and mineralogical sediment properties of this clastic sequence reflect erosional changes in the catchment, where almost pure limestone contrasts with carbonaceous, quartz-bearing marl, and shist. The calcite/quartz (Cc/Qz) ratio was found to be most indicative of these changes, which occurred around AD 1850 and at 650, 2000, 3700, and 6400 cal. BP. The first four are interpreted as erosion events, which are related to human-induced changes in the vegetation cover and land use. We associate them to the recent development of tourism and grazing, the medieval intensification of pasturing, Roman forest clearance, and Bronze Age forest clearance, respectively. The Cc/Qz-ratio increases significantly within less than 100 years during these events, reflecting the erosion of unweathered or poorly weathered soils. The time intervals in between are characterized by a gradually decreasing Cc/Qz-ratio and reflect the stabilization or formation of new soils. Only the change at 6400 cal. BP, which represents the initial gradual stabilization of the catchment, is related to the immigration of Picea abies.  相似文献   

Use of accessory zircon for the quantification of volume changes in ductile shear zones cutting plutonic rocks     

Robert Sturm  Hans Peter Steyrer 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2003,63(1):31-54

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Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the NBS 22 and NBS 21 stable isotope reference materials: An inter-laboratory comparison     

Martin Schoell  Eckhard Faber  Max L. Coleman 《Organic Geochemistry》1983,5(1):3-6

Measurement of 17 laboratories on the stable isotope reference materials, NBS 22 lubricating oil and NBS 21 graphite, resulted in a revised calibration on the PDB scale. NBS 22 ¹³C/¹²C ratios of all laboratories did not demonstrate a gausssian distribution. Therefore, values which resulted from direct comparison with NBS 20 carbonate standards were selected the mean value of which is $\text{?29.81 ± 0.06?}$; this value is recommended as new value for NBS 22. The reported variations in δ¹³C for NBS 21 were consistent within the accuracies for single meaurements; the mean value is ?28.16 ± 0.01. The variations of D/H ratios of NBS 22 also were consistent with the accuracy quoted, with a mean value of ?119?.  相似文献   

Continuous,Direct Gas-Geochemical Monitoring in Hydrothermal Vents: Installation and Long-Term Operation on Nisyros Island (Greece)     

Manfred Teschner  Eckhard Faber  Jürgen Poggenburg  Georgios E. Vougioukalakis  Georgios Hatziyannis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(12):2549-2571

In this paper the installation and long-term operation of a system for continuous monitoring of fumarolic gases is described. Several physicochemical and gas-geochemical parameters such as the concentration of CO₂, H₂S and CO in the fumarolic emissions, as well as the temperatures of the hydrothermal steam and soil in close vicinity of the fumarole and steam pressure are measured in short-time intervals (typically 15 seconds). Data are logged on-site and in parallel transferred to a remote station by digital telemetry. Specially developed software enables the real-time observation of the local conditions in the crater and full bidirectional control of the monitoring system. Fluctuations in the monitored parameters are also reported. From the data presented it can be concluded that environmental conditions (direction and strength of wind, precipitation) will interact with some of the parameters monitored. These influences can only be revealed by continuously operated monitoring systems.  相似文献   

Soil moisture variation and plant water stress at the Hartheim Scots pine plantation     

N. Sturm  S. Reber  A. Kessler  J. D. Tenhunen 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1996,53(1-3):123-133

Summary During two measurement campaigns in 1992 (the Hartheim Experiment HartX- and an additional experiment in autumn), measurements of soil moisture were carried out in aPinus sylvestris stand at Hartheim on the Oberrhein. Several methods were used to determine soil water status. They were compared in terms of suitability for estimating stand evapotranspiration (ET) via soil water depletion. Measurements of tree water potential suggested that conductance of the trees was affected by soil water depletion during the period of the HartX campaign in spring 1992. We interpret the observations to indicate a lesser influence of soil water availability on tree transpiration during the autumn experiment.Eddy correlation and xylem sapflow measurements provided reference ET values with which to compare the stand ET calculations based on soil moisture measurements. Profile measurements of soil moisture showed that particularly in springtime when the lower soil layers are saturated with water, the water transport from depths below the major rooting zone is a very important factor affecting evaluation of stand ET. Decreases in soil water storage may be determined best with permanently installed soil moisture sensors such as used in tensiometric or TDR measurements that provide high resolution of changes over time.With 8 Figures  相似文献   

Sedimentation in Proval Bay (Lake Baikal) after catastrophic flooding of the coastal plain in 1862     

E. G. Vologina  I. A. Kalugin  Yu. N. Osukhovskaya  M. Sturm  N. V. Ignatova  Ya. B. Radziminovich  A. V. Dar’in  M. I. Kuz’min 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2007,417(2):1315-1319

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Influence of catchment quality and altitude on the water and sediment composition of 68 small lakes in Central Europe     

Beat Müller  André F. Lotter  Michael Sturm  Adrian Ammann 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1998,60(4):316-337

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Natural disasters as the end of the insurance industry? Scalar competitive strategies, Alternative Risk Transfers, and the economic crisis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tristan Sturm  Eric Oh 《Geoforum》2010,41(1):154-163

The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina has piqued interest in the insurance industry, and this scrutiny has led to assumptions that the industry has become unstable and unprofitable with the increased incidence of disasters in highly-insured regions of the world. This paper challenges that assumption by arguing that the insurance industry has responded by spreading risk through scaled and networked recovery schemes. We found that because of competitive strategies of risk-spreading and displacement arrangements, the industry has actually profited as a whole. Regional insurance companies have always relied on the higher financial scales of the reinsurance industry in Munich, Zurich, and London. But with claims reaching into the billions of dollars, the reinsurance industry itself has raised premiums, spread risk farther afield, and jumped scale by spreading risk to futures markets called Alternative Risk Transfers (ARTs). However, the recession beginning in 2008 has called into question the viability of using futures markets as insurance. It is shown through a media analysis of four major business publications (The Economist, The New York Times, The Financial Times and The Wall Street Journal) how the industry responded to the costs of the 2004, 2005, and 2006 hurricane seasons. Because geography is rather new to this literature, this paper also offers a broad review of the insurance industry.  相似文献