Statistical and dynamical long-range atmospheric forecasts: experimental comparison and hybridization     

JÉRÔME SARDA  GUY PLAUT  CARLOS PIRES  ROBERT VAUTARD 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1996,48(4):518-537

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Canada's environmental farm plans: transatlantic perspectives on agri-environmental schemes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GUY M ROBINSON 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):206-218

Evaluation of Ontario's Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) scheme, launched in 1993, provides an opportunity for comparisons with agri-environmental measures instituted in the European Union and other parts of North America. The EFP has a strong 'bottom-up' dimension in that it is farmers' organizations that have been central both to the scheme's instigation and to its ongoing management. This has affected the nature of the actions taken by individual farmers participating in the scheme. These actions are reviewed, especially in terms of the participants' attitudes towards stewardship of the land, environmental outcomes, cross-compliance measures, barriers to participation and the role of statutory regulation. Some contrasts are drawn with the greater 'top-down' controls exerted in several EU agri-environment schemes, with the latter's promotion of extensification and the changing role of farmers as 'producers of countryside' in a multi-functional agricultural system. The diffusion of EFP schemes throughout Canada is noted and is cited as confirming the maintenance of fundamentally different attitudes to the development of farm-based environmental actions compared with those adopted in the EU.  相似文献   

Thermodynamic Mixing Models for Muscovite--Paragonite Solutions Based on Solution Calorimetric and Phase Equilibrium Data     

ROUX  JACQUES; HOVIS  GUY L. 《Journal of Petrology》1996,37(5):1241-1254

Enthalpies of solution have been measured on a series of muscovite—paragonitemicas in 20.1% HF at 50C under isoperibolic conditions. Themolar enthalpy of formation of paragonite at 298 K, for whichno calorimetrically measured value is currently available, hasbeen determined to be –5937.5 (3) kJ. An inversion ofall calorimetric, volumetric and phase equilibrium data hasbeen performed, giving a range of mixing models compatible withmost experimental data. The following expressions of the mixingproperties of 2M₁ micas for enthalpy (H_ex) and volume (V_ex)at pressures up to 10 kbar, forcing excess entropy (S_ex) tobe zero and using a subregular mixing model are favoured: H_ex(kJ) = [10.6+4.45(1–2X_ms)]X_ms(1–X_ms) V_ex(J/bar) = 0.452X_ms(1–X_ms). However, mixing models of higher order with asymmetric negativeS_ex are also possible. KEY WORDS: muscovite; paragonite; solvus; calorimetry; solid solution ^*Corresponding author.  相似文献   

Lithospheric flexure as a control on stratal geometry and fades distribution in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Alberta foreland basin     

A. GUY Plint  BRUCE S. Hart†  W. STEVEN Donaldson 《Basin Research》1993,5(2):69-77

Facies distributions, stratal geometry and regional erosional bevelling surfaces in Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Santonian) strata of the Alberta foreland basin are interpreted in terms of high-frequency (probably eustatic) relative changes in sea level, superimposed on longer-term basin-floor warping, related to episodic tectonic loading. Thick marine shales correspond to periods of rapid subsidence whereas thin but extensive strandplain sandstones record rapid progradation during slow subsidence. Westward-thickening wedges of coastal plain strata were deposited during initial downwarping of a near-horizontal strandplain, prior to marine transgression. Surfaces of erosional bevelling beneath which between 40 and >160m of strata have been removed extend at least 300 km from the present deformation front and are interpreted to reflect forebulge uplift in the east. Uplift appears to have lagged about 0.25-0.5 Myr behind the onset of accelerated loading. Thin marine sandstones which grade westward into mudstone are interpreted as material winnowed from the crest of the rising forebulge. Subsidence and/or westward migration of the forebulge allowed the sea to flood westward across the eastern flank of the eroded forebulge. The transgressive shoreface cut asymmetric notches which were later blanketed by marine shales which lap out from east to west. The two unconformities which embody the largest erosional vacuity are veneered locally with oolitic ironstone which accumulated in a shallow, sediment-starved setting on the crest of the forebulge. The consistent pattern of erosional bevelling and lap-out of transgressive shales might be interpreted as evidence that the forebulge migrated towards the thrust load over a period of <1 Myr.  相似文献   

Variscan very low-grade metamorphism in southwest England: a diastathermal and thrust-related origin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. N. WARR  T. J. PRIMMER  D. ROBINSON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(6):751-764

Abstract Regional metamorphism in the external Variscides of southwest England varied from diagenetic level to greenschist facies. There is a fundamental difference in the metamorphic character between the northern and southern regions of the area. In the north, M1 metamorphism is of a sedimentary burial character associated with high heat flow, whilst to the south it is related to tectonic burial during thrust thickening processes, with lower geothermal gradients. This pattern appears to be related to the character of basin development and its subsequent tectonic evolution. The northern region has features that accord with a diastathermal (extensional) origin for the very low-grade metamorphism whilst in the southern region the very low-grade metamorphism is linked to thrusting as a consequence of Variscan compression. The Tintagel High-Strain Zone presents an anomaly in this regional pattern where an M2 metamorphic phase is attributed to localized D2 thrust stacking along the southern margin of the Culm Basin.
There is no extensive overprint of the regional metamorphic pattern by the contact aureoles surrounding the granite plutons of the region. However, there is a noticeable coincidence between the areas of regional epizone grade and the extent of the geophysically defined subsurface limit of the granite batholith (excluding the North Devon area). This link is attributed largely to the late-stage structural up-doming of the higher grade areas over the roof of the batholith.  相似文献   

A NOVEL HIGH-SPEED ALGORITHM FOR SUMMATIONAL TYPE SEISMIC VELOCITY ANALYSES*     

J. C. ROBINSON  C. A. ALDRICH 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(4):814-827

Velocity analysis of reflection seismic data has increased in popularity with petroleum exploration personnel to such an extent that it now constitutes a significant tool in the routine digital processing program. One drawback to such an analysis is its computational cost, resulting from the numerous mathematical calculations required by a digital computer to extract comprehensive velocity information. The subject algorithm affords a computational cost saving of approximately one order of magnitude over a straightforward summational type velocity analysis with little sacrifice in accuracy. The utility of the algorithm is demonstrated on some Offshore Louisiana seismic data and a comparison of the results reveals that they are almost identical with a conventional velocity analysis. The algorithm is based on the concept that a normal-moveout pattern of time shifts may be accurately applied over a considerable span of zero-offset times to a CDP trace gather, rather than only at a single zero-offset time. With each application however, the rms-velocity associated with the moveout pattern is different. A specific relationship which associates an rms-velocity with a zero-offset time for the same moveout time delay pattern is approximated by numerical simulation studies on a digital computer.  相似文献   

COLLECTION OF FORTRAN II PROGRAMS FOR FILTERING AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CHANNEL TIME SERIES     

ENDERS A. ROBINSON 《Geophysical Prospecting》1966,14(S1):2-52

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REPLY TO V. BARDAN'S COMMENTS*     

E. A. ROBINSON 《Geophysical Prospecting》1977,25(3):572-572

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Tourism in geological landscapes     

ROBINSON  ERIC 《Geology Today》1998,14(4):151-153

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Origin of Listwanite in the Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet, Implications for Chromite Stability in Hydrothermal Systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Lan  YANG Jingsui  Paul T. ROBINSON  XIONG Fahui  CHEN Yanhong  LAI Shengmin  CHEN Mei 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(2):402-417

Listwanite from the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet,forms a narrow,discontinuous band along the eastern part of the southern boundary fault. We undertook a detailed petrographic and geochemical study to understand the mineral transformation processes and the behaviour of major and trace elements during listwanite formation. Three alteration zones characterized by distinct mineral components and texture are recognized and,in order of increasing degree of alteration,these are: zoneIII is rich in serpentine minerals; zoneII is rich in talc and carbonates; and zoneI is mainly composed of carbonates and quartz. Geochemical data for the three alteration zones show significant modification of some major and trace elements in the protolith,although some oxides show linear correlations with Mg O. Gold mineralization is recognized in the Luobusa listwanite and may signify an important target for future mineral exploration. Gold enrichment occurs in both zoneI and zoneIIand is up to 0.91 g/t in one sample from zoneI. We show that CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids can modify both the occurrence and composition of chromite grains,indicating some degree of chromite mobility. Low-Cr anhedral grains are more easily altered than high-Cr varieties. The compositions of chromite and olivine grains in the listwanite suggest a dunite protolith.  相似文献