Canada's environmental farm plans: transatlantic perspectives on agri-environmental schemes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GUY M ROBINSON 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):206-218

Evaluation of Ontario's Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) scheme, launched in 1993, provides an opportunity for comparisons with agri-environmental measures instituted in the European Union and other parts of North America. The EFP has a strong 'bottom-up' dimension in that it is farmers' organizations that have been central both to the scheme's instigation and to its ongoing management. This has affected the nature of the actions taken by individual farmers participating in the scheme. These actions are reviewed, especially in terms of the participants' attitudes towards stewardship of the land, environmental outcomes, cross-compliance measures, barriers to participation and the role of statutory regulation. Some contrasts are drawn with the greater 'top-down' controls exerted in several EU agri-environment schemes, with the latter's promotion of extensification and the changing role of farmers as 'producers of countryside' in a multi-functional agricultural system. The diffusion of EFP schemes throughout Canada is noted and is cited as confirming the maintenance of fundamentally different attitudes to the development of farm-based environmental actions compared with those adopted in the EU.  相似文献   

Variscan very low-grade metamorphism in southwest England: a diastathermal and thrust-related origin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. N. WARR  T. J. PRIMMER  D. ROBINSON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(6):751-764

Abstract Regional metamorphism in the external Variscides of southwest England varied from diagenetic level to greenschist facies. There is a fundamental difference in the metamorphic character between the northern and southern regions of the area. In the north, M1 metamorphism is of a sedimentary burial character associated with high heat flow, whilst to the south it is related to tectonic burial during thrust thickening processes, with lower geothermal gradients. This pattern appears to be related to the character of basin development and its subsequent tectonic evolution. The northern region has features that accord with a diastathermal (extensional) origin for the very low-grade metamorphism whilst in the southern region the very low-grade metamorphism is linked to thrusting as a consequence of Variscan compression. The Tintagel High-Strain Zone presents an anomaly in this regional pattern where an M2 metamorphic phase is attributed to localized D2 thrust stacking along the southern margin of the Culm Basin.
There is no extensive overprint of the regional metamorphic pattern by the contact aureoles surrounding the granite plutons of the region. However, there is a noticeable coincidence between the areas of regional epizone grade and the extent of the geophysically defined subsurface limit of the granite batholith (excluding the North Devon area). This link is attributed largely to the late-stage structural up-doming of the higher grade areas over the roof of the batholith.  相似文献   

A NOVEL HIGH-SPEED ALGORITHM FOR SUMMATIONAL TYPE SEISMIC VELOCITY ANALYSES*     

J. C. ROBINSON  C. A. ALDRICH 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(4):814-827

Velocity analysis of reflection seismic data has increased in popularity with petroleum exploration personnel to such an extent that it now constitutes a significant tool in the routine digital processing program. One drawback to such an analysis is its computational cost, resulting from the numerous mathematical calculations required by a digital computer to extract comprehensive velocity information. The subject algorithm affords a computational cost saving of approximately one order of magnitude over a straightforward summational type velocity analysis with little sacrifice in accuracy. The utility of the algorithm is demonstrated on some Offshore Louisiana seismic data and a comparison of the results reveals that they are almost identical with a conventional velocity analysis. The algorithm is based on the concept that a normal-moveout pattern of time shifts may be accurately applied over a considerable span of zero-offset times to a CDP trace gather, rather than only at a single zero-offset time. With each application however, the rms-velocity associated with the moveout pattern is different. A specific relationship which associates an rms-velocity with a zero-offset time for the same moveout time delay pattern is approximated by numerical simulation studies on a digital computer.  相似文献   

COLLECTION OF FORTRAN II PROGRAMS FOR FILTERING AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CHANNEL TIME SERIES     

ENDERS A. ROBINSON 《Geophysical Prospecting》1966,14(S1):2-52

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REPLY TO V. BARDAN'S COMMENTS*     

E. A. ROBINSON 《Geophysical Prospecting》1977,25(3):572-572

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Tourism in geological landscapes     

ROBINSON  ERIC 《Geology Today》1998,14(4):151-153

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Origin of Listwanite in the Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet, Implications for Chromite Stability in Hydrothermal Systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Lan  YANG Jingsui  Paul T. ROBINSON  XIONG Fahui  CHEN Yanhong  LAI Shengmin  CHEN Mei 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(2):402-417

Listwanite from the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet,forms a narrow,discontinuous band along the eastern part of the southern boundary fault. We undertook a detailed petrographic and geochemical study to understand the mineral transformation processes and the behaviour of major and trace elements during listwanite formation. Three alteration zones characterized by distinct mineral components and texture are recognized and,in order of increasing degree of alteration,these are: zoneIII is rich in serpentine minerals; zoneII is rich in talc and carbonates; and zoneI is mainly composed of carbonates and quartz. Geochemical data for the three alteration zones show significant modification of some major and trace elements in the protolith,although some oxides show linear correlations with Mg O. Gold mineralization is recognized in the Luobusa listwanite and may signify an important target for future mineral exploration. Gold enrichment occurs in both zoneI and zoneIIand is up to 0.91 g/t in one sample from zoneI. We show that CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids can modify both the occurrence and composition of chromite grains,indicating some degree of chromite mobility. Low-Cr anhedral grains are more easily altered than high-Cr varieties. The compositions of chromite and olivine grains in the listwanite suggest a dunite protolith.  相似文献   

The Lower Mantle Minerals in Ophiolite-hosted Diamond     

YANG Jingsui  WIRTH Richar  XIONG Fahui  TIAN Yazhou  HUANG Zhu  ROBINSON Paul T.  DILEK Yildirim 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(Z2):108-109

<正>Ophiolites are fragments of ancient ocean lithosphere emplaced on continental margins,in island arcs or in accretionary prisms,and have long been studied to better understand the evolution of ocean basins and collision of tectonic plates,the processes of mountain building and the occurrence of valuable ore bodies,such as podiform  相似文献   

Constraints on the depth and variability of the lunar regolith     

B. B. WILCOX  M. S. ROBINSON  P. C. THOMAS  B. R. HAWKE 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2005,40(5):695-710

Abstract— Knowledge of regolith depth structure is important for a variety of studies of the Moon and other bodies such as Mercury and asteroids. Lunar regolith depths have been estimated using morphological techniques (i.e., Quaide and Oberbeck 1968; Shoemaker and Morris 1969), crater counting techniques (Shoemaker et al. 1969), and seismic studies (i.e., Watkins and Kovach 1973; Cooper et al. 1974). These diverse methods provide good first order estimates of regolith depths across large distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers), but may not clearly elucidate the variability of regolith depth locally (100 m to km scale). In order to better constrain the regional average depth and local variability of the regolith, we investigate several techniques. First, we find that the apparent equilibrium diameter of a crater population increases with an increasing solar incidence angle, and this affects the inferred regolith depth by increasing the range of predicted depths (from ～7–15 m depth at 100 m equilibrium diameter to ～8–40 m at 300 m equilibrium diameter). Second, we examine the frequency and distribution of blocky craters in selected lunar mare areas and find a range of regolith depths (8–31 m) that compares favorably with results from the equilibrium diameter method (8–33 m) for areas of similar age (～2.5 billion years). Finally, we examine the utility of using Clementine optical maturity parameter images (Lucey et al. 2000) to determine regolith depth. The resolution of Clementine images (100 m/pixel) prohibits determination of absolute depths, but this method has the potential to give relative depths, and if higher resolution spectral data were available could yield absolute depths.  相似文献   

Spatial Changes in New Zealand's Food Processing Industry 1973–1984     

GUY ROBINSON 《New Zealand geographer》1988,44(2):69-79

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