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1.
Managing sustainable farmed landscape through 'alternative' food networks: a case study from Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LEWIS HOLLOWAY ROSIE COX† LAURA VENN‡ MOYA KNEAFSEY‡ ELIZABETH DOWLER§ HELENA TUOMAINEN§ 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):219-229
This paper focuses on a case study of an 'alternative' food network based in the Abruzzo National Park, Italy, to explore how ideas of sustainable farmland management can be expressed through broader understandings of developing networks of care concerned with local economies and societies, high-quality specialist food products, particular 'traditional' farming practices and livestock breeds, as well as the ecology of a farmed landscape. The scheme allows customers, internationally as well as in Italy, to 'adopt' a milking sheep on a large mountain farm. In return, adopters are sent food products from the farm. The adoption scheme is inter-twined with an agri-tourism project which provides accommodation, runs a restaurant and engages in educational activities. The scheme is the result of the individual initiative of its founder, and is associated with a strongly expressed ethical position concerning the value of sustaining valued local rural landscapes and lifestyles, and the importance of 'reconnecting' urban dwellers with rural areas, farming and 'quality' food production. Yet the localness of the scheme is sustained through wider national and international networks: volunteer and paid workers are drawn from several European countries, funding has been acquired from the EU LEADER programme, and internet and transport technologies are essential in connecting with and supplying an international customer base. The broader economy of care instanced in this case study draws attention to a need to develop strategies for sustainable farmland management constructed around wider programmes of social, economic and cultural, as well as environmental, concern. 相似文献
2.
HANS PIRLET LAURA M. WEHRMANN BENJAMIN BRUNNER NORBERT FRANK JAN DEWANCKELE DAVID VAN ROOIJ ANNELEEN FOUBERT RUDY SWENNEN LIEVEN NAUDTS MATTHIEU BOONE VEERLE CNUDDE JEAN‐PIERRE HENRIET 《Sedimentology》2010,57(3):786-805
Authigenic gypsum was found in a gravity core, retrieved from the top of Mound Perseverance, a giant cold‐water coral mound in the Porcupine Basin, off Ireland. The occurrence of gypsum in such an environment is intriguing, because gypsum, a classic evaporitic mineral, is undersaturated with respect to sea water. Sedimentological, petrographic and isotopic evidence point to diagenetic formation of the gypsum, tied to oxidation of sedimentary sulphide minerals (i.e. pyrite). This oxidation is attributed to a phase of increased bottom currents which caused erosion and enhanced inflow of oxidizing fluids into the mound sediments. The oxidation of pyrite produced acidity, causing carbonate dissolution and subsequently leading to pore‐water oversaturation with respect to gypsum and dolomite. Calculations based on the isotopic compositions of gypsum and pyrite reveal that between 21·6% and 28·6% of the sulphate incorporated into the gypsum derived from pyrite oxidation. The dissolution of carbonate increased the porosity in the affected sediment layer but promoted lithification of the sediments at the sediment‐water interface. Thus, authigenic gypsum can serve as a signature for diagenetic oxidation events in carbonate‐rich sediments. These observations demonstrate that fluid flow, steered by environmental factors, has an important effect on the diagenesis of coral mounds. 相似文献
3.
MARCO BRANDANO VIRGILIO FREZZA LAURA TOMASSETTI MARTYN PEDLEY† RUGGERO MATTEUCCI 《Sedimentology》2009,56(4):1138-1158
The Oligocene represents a key interval during which coralline algae became dominant on carbonate ramps and luxuriant coral reefs emerged on a global scale. So far, few studies have considered the impact that these early reefs had on ramp development. Consequently, this study aimed at presenting a high‐resolution analysis of the Attard Member of the Lower Coralline Limestone Formation (Late Oligocene, Malta) in order to decipher the internal and external factors controlling the architecture of a typical Late Oligocene platform. Excellent exposures of the Lower Coralline Limestone Formation occurring along continuous outcrops adjacent to the Victoria Lines Fault reveal in detail the three‐dimensional distribution of the reef‐associated facies. A total of four sedimentary facies have been recognized and are grouped into two depositional environments that correspond to the inner and middle carbonate ramp. The inner ramp was characterized by a very high‐energy, shallow‐water setting, influenced by tide and wave processes. This setting passed downslope into an inner‐ramp depositional environment which was colonized by seagrass and interfingered with adjacent areas containing scattered corals. The middle ramp lithofacies were deposited in the oligophotic zone, the sediments being generated from combined in situ production and sediments swept from the shallower inner ramp by currents. Compositional characteristics and facies distributions of the Attard ramp are more similar to the Miocene ramps than to those of the Eocene. An important factor controlling this similarity may be the expansion of the seagrass colonization within the euphotic zone. This expansion may have commenced in the Late Oligocene and was associated with a concomitant reduction in the aerial extent of the larger benthonic foraminifera facies. Stacking‐pattern analysis shows that the depositional units (parasequences) at the study section are arranged into transgressive–regressive facies cycles. This cyclicity is superimposed on the overall regressive phase recorded by the Attard succession. Furthermore, a minor highstand (correlated with the Ru4/Ch1 sequence) and subsequent minor lowstand (Ch2 sequence) have been recognized. The biota assemblages of the Attard Member suggest that carbonate sedimentation took place in subtropical waters and oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic conditions. The apparent low capacity of corals to form wave‐resistant reef structures is considered to have been a significant factor affecting substrate stability at this time. The resulting lack of resistant mid‐ramp reef frameworks left this zone exposed to wave and storm activity, thereby encouraging the widespread development of coralline algal associations dominated by rhodoliths. 相似文献
4.
为了支持玩具业,许多实验室需要分析各种复杂基体中的金属含量。人们关心的主要元素是铅,但很多其他有毒元素也具有潜在的威胁,尤其对于儿童。这些重金属元素包括锑、砷、钡、镉、铬、硒、汞和铅,累积在人体中将产生不利的影响。一些塑料和木制玩具,特别是表面色彩鲜艳的玩具被证实含有更高水平的铅和其他元素,儿童因接触易摄入,相关法规对产品表面含有这些元素的材料作了一些限制。为了保证玩具和其他物品的生产、流通和销售,有必要检测其中的重金属含量。不同的管理机构对各类样品中的元素提供了限量要求。在玩具安全性的欧洲标准EN71第3部分(已纳入ISO8124-3),其中在“特定元素的迁移”一节给出了玩具材料中元素迁移的 相似文献
5.
Simulations of oxidized nitrogen performed withglobal transport tracer models systematicallyunderestimate the concentrations of total nitrate atremote marine locations in the Mid-Pacific. Higheremission rates in the models of nitrogen oxides(
) from continental sources or alarger influx from the stratosphere do not seem tobe able to account for the shortfall. We are led toconclude that there has to be a substantial sourcelocated in oceanic areas. We speculate that
-emission from electrical discharges overthe oceans could be the source we are looking for.Airborne observations of atmospheric concentrationsof oxidized nitrogen and ozone in the remoteatmosphere and observations of nitrate wetdeposition in remote sites are used as additionalconstraints to check the plausibility of thishypothesis. We find that a larger emission of
due to lightning activity over the oceansindeed results in a much improved simulation oftotal nitrate in the remote Pacific, particularly inthe Equatorial and Tropical South Pacific and thatsuch a scenario is generally consistent withavailable observations of nitrate wet deposition andatmospheric concentrations of oxidized nitrogen andozone. An alternative hypothesis is that there is ahitherto unknown in situ source of
over thePacific Ocean. 相似文献
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The present topography of the Făgăraş Mountains is a snapshot of the long-term evolution that brought about significant alterations
of the landscape, and especially of the relief, which has acquired different features depending on the intensity of the relationship
between the exogenous and endogenous agents. At present, relief shaping in the study area is controlled by the orographic
and climatic features. However, the climate of the high and middle-height mountains is the main cause that determines the
mechanism, the intensity and the spatial distribution of the shaping processes. The considerable height of the Făgăraş Mountains,
which exceeds 2500 m altitude is responsible for the vertical zonation of climate and vegetation which implicitly induce the
setting of the systems of relief modelling, too. 相似文献
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Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and the world's leading producer and exporter of coffee. Smallholders are the predominant producers of Brazilian coffee and have been significantly impacted by post-ISI (import substitution industrialisation) neoliberal reforms that swept the nation's agricultural sector beginning in the 1980s. These reforms stimulated increased coffee production while simultaneously diminishing state interventions, including agricultural subsidies, farmer credits, research and development programmes, extension services, and rural development initiatives. These changes were closely followed by major restructuring of the global coffee market and the elimination of international coffee export quotas. Our research joins a growing body of recent literature exploring how changes related to market liberalisation and globalisation affect localities and regions where producers supply coffee for conventional markets. Through a case study, we describe the impacts of neoliberal globalisation on the lives, livelihoods, and environment of small-scale coffee producers in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We explore how neoliberal reform, reflected in the specific historical, geographical, and environmental context of Brazilian coffee production, has resulted in the increased marginalisation of small-scale farmers, the degradation of soils, and overall rural decline. 相似文献
10.
Climate and landscape during Heinrich Event 3 in south‐western Europe: the small‐vertebrate association from Galls Carboners cave (Mont‐ral,Tarragona, north‐eastern Iberia) 
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