阿尔金山羌塘高原水资源开发及罗布泊钾盐矿建设的设想     

《阿尔金山及羌塘高原水资源开发利用与保护考察报告》编写组 《干旱区地理》2007,30(6):785-790

阿尔金山水资源相对丰富,是巴音郭楞蒙古自治州河川径流的主要形成区之一,巴音郭楞蒙古自治州若羌县罗布泊镇钾盐贮量很大,经济效益可观,但水资源成为了罗布泊钾盐矿发展的限制性因素。能否把阿尔金山的水资源作为罗布泊钾盐矿发展的支撑,是我们必须回答的一个问题。本文利用新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅阿尔金山野外考察资料,分析阿尔金山的水系与湖泊、自然地理和社会经济特点,以期为探讨阿尔金山能否作为罗布泊钾盐矿开发的水源条件提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Effects of precipitation and landuse on runoff during the past 50 years in a typical watershed in the Loess Plateau, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Huaxing BI  Bin LIU  Jie WU  Lei YUN  Zhihan CHEN  Zhewei CUI Prof. in hydrology  College of soil  water conservation  Box  Beijing Forestry University  Qinghua East Road  Haidian District  Beijing  China  Researcher in hydrology  Xifeng station of soil  water conservation  Xifeng  Gansu Province  China Graduate Assis. 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(3):352-364

In the past century, great progress has been made worldwide in our understanding of forest-water relationship. The successful forestation programs implemented in China-which have improved the ecological environmental conditions-have gained the attention of many researchers and highlighted the relationship between forestation and water yields. The arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau has received attention from water engineers and eco-hydrological researchers in China because of a shortage in water resources. We selected one of the oldest stations conducting soil and water conservation experiments, the Xifeng soil and water conservation station, and chose the Nanxiaohe catchment and its paired catchments （Yangjiagou catchment and Dongzhuanggou catchment） as our research areas. Trends in precipitation, air temperature, streamflow over the past 50 years, and the effect of changing land use on streamflow were analyzed. The Mann-Kendall test showed that precipitation had a negative trend （downward trend）, whereas air temperature showed a positive trend （upward trend） from the past to present in the Nanxiaohe catchment. However, the trends seen in precipitation, air temperature did not contain any ＂jumping points.＂ The paired catchment approach is used to detect the effects of land cover change on hydrology in the Yangjiagou and the contrast catchment, i.e., Dongzhuanggou catchment in our study. The results showed a large change in land use in the Yangjiagou catchment from 1954 to 2008. An increase in forested land （from 0% to 40.08% from 1954 to 2008） and a reduction of bare land （from 51.26% to 5.50% from 1954 to 2008） accounted for a large part of the change in land use. However, the land use changed little in the contrast catchment. The comparison of streamfiow in the paired catchments showed that forestation reduced streamflow by 49.63% （or 6.5 mm） each year.  相似文献   

旱作物利用地下水的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

洪宝鑫 《地理研究》1993,12(3):107-113

本文依据南通农水试验站的实验资料,统计分析旱作物(小麦、棉花)利用地下潜水量的规律,阐述在发展节水灌溉农业中,应考虑旱作物利用地下水量的问题。  相似文献   

阿尔金山羌塘高原区域地表水可利用量及开发潜力分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

阿尔金山羌塘高原水资源开发利用与保护考察报告编写组 《干旱区地理》2008,31(3):422-427

确定水资源可利用量是实现阿尔金山及羌塘高原区域生态环境维护与经济社会发展双赢的保障.首先、提出用倒算法计算研究区的水资源可利用量,明确涉及变量的概念及算法.其次、计算了研究区各分区的地表水资源量,湖泊、湿地需水量,河道需水量等变量,最终确定了各分区的地表水资源可利用量.再次、结合各分区水资源利用现状,进一步分析了各分区的水资源利用潜力.结果表明:东羌塘山间盆地区地表水资源开发利用潜力较小;柴达木盆地西缘区开发利用潜力较大;阿尔金山北麓区开发利用潜力不大.最后、建议在研究区建立相应的水文、气象、生态等监测站点,为研究区水资源的合理开发、利用与保护奠定基础.  相似文献   

阿尔金山及羌塘高原区域水资源开发利用可行性分析     

《阿尔金山羌塘高原水资源开发利用与保护考察报告》编 《干旱区地理》2008,31(6)

阿尔金山及羌塘高原区域水资源相对丰富,巴音郭楞蒙古自治州若羌县罗布泊镇钾盐贮量很大,远景储量达2.45×108 t,潜在经济价值约5 000亿元,已成为我国新的钾盐开发基地,但周边区域水资源匮乏限制了罗布泊钾盐矿发展.开发钾盐需要大量的水资源,然而罗布泊地区极端干旱缺水,要满足钾盐开发,水资源必然成为了关键因素.因此,新疆水利厅组织科研人员对实地进行了考察,提出了把阿尔金山的水资源作为罗布泊钾盐矿水源的设想,初步拟定的两个引水方案进行了详细描述,并从工程地质条件、施工条件和工程技术可行性等方面进行了分析.最终认为两个方案工程地质条件和施工条件总体较优,工程技术上基本可行,主要总是在于对生态环境的影响和投资巨大.调用该水源极有可能对该区域生态环境造成不可逆转的影响.应采取的措施:(1)尽快在阿尔金山及羌塘高原区域建立水文、气象、生态等监测站点;(2)通过加大阿尔金山北麓水资源的开发力度来解决罗布泊钾盐矿近期工业用水需求,将阿尔金山及羌塘高原的水资源作为远期备用水源.  相似文献   

Field water surplus and deficit of major crops in dryland of northern China     

Received date: -- Foundation item: The national key research project: Field water balance  its regulation techniques  water potential productivity  its proper exploitation in typical dryland farming areas of northern China for the Ninth Five 《地理学报(英文版)》2000,(3)

1 IntroductionIn natural conditions, field water surplus or deficit is different between field water requirement and field water supply by nature. Field water requirement can be expressed either as potential field evapotranspiration or as crop water requirement. Potential field evapotranspiration is also called reference crop evapotranspiration which is defined as "the rate of evapotranspiration from an extensive surface of 8 to 15 cm tall, green grass cover of uniform height, actively growing…  相似文献   

Leaf cellulose δD and δO trends with elevation differ in direction among co-occurring, semiarid plant species     

Valery J Terwilliger  Julio L BetancourtSteven W Leavitt  Peter K Van de water 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(22):3887-3900

The potential to reconstruct paleoclimate from analyses of stable isotopes in fossil leaf cellulose could be enhanced by adequate calibration. This potential is likely to be particularly great in mid-latitude deserts, where a rich store of fossil leaves is available from rodent middens. Trends in δD and δ¹⁸O of leaf cellulose were examined for three species growing across climatic gradients caused by elevation and slope aspect in southeastern Utah, USA. The species differed in morphology (Pinus edulis vs. Yucca glauca), photosynthetic pathway (C₃Y. glauca vs. CAM Yucca baccata) or both (P. edulis vs. Y. baccata). The δD_LCN (leaf cellulose nitrate) and δ¹⁸O_LC (leaf cellulose) values of P. edulis decreased with elevation. Stem water δD values either increased (in spring) or did not change with elevation (in summer). Needle water δD values usually decreased with elevation and differed greatly with leaf age. These results suggest that δ cellulose values of P. edulis record the effects of climate on the isotopic composition of leaf water but not climate effects on meteoric water. In contrast to P. edulis, δD_LCN values of Y. glauca increased with elevation. The δ¹⁸O_LC values of Y. glauca also increased with elevation but less significantly and only on south-facing slopes. The δ cellulose values in both P. edulis and Y. glauca were most significantly related to changes in temperature, although temperature and precipitation were negatively correlated in the study area. Where all three species co-occurred, their δD_LCN values differed but their δ¹⁸O_LC values were the same. The disparity in δD_LCN between Y. baccata and the other species corresponds to differences in biochemical fractionations associated with photosynthetic pathway. Biochemical fractionations may also contribute to differences between the two C₃ species. Knowledge of factors affecting responses of individual plant species to environment may be required to infer climate from δD_LCN and δ¹⁸O_LC.  相似文献