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Boon JP van Zanden JJ Lewis WE Zegers BN Goksøyr A Arukwe A 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):719-724
The short-term effects of the commercial PBDE flame retardant mixtures Penta-BDE and cta-BDE on the expression of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), vitellogenin (Vtg) and zona radiata proteins (Zrp) were investigated in juvenile salmon (Salmo salar). For this purpose, groups of fish were dosed twice (oral intake at days I and 4) with 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight of both commercial mixtures. The fishes were sacrificed at day 7 (n = 5 for each group) and 14 (n = 6 for each group), and blood, liver, fillet, and brain were collected. Blanks and positive controls were also part of the experiment. The expressions of Vtg, Zrp, and CYPIA were measured with several techniques (EROD, ELISA, Western, Northern and Slot Blot). The values in the groups of fish treated with Penta-BDE or Octa-BDE did not significantly differ from the reference group for any of the parameters tested. In contrast, the positive control groups treated with estradiol-17beta for Vtg and Zrp expression, and beta-naphthoflavone for CYP1A expression did show a significant response, indicating the potential sensitivity of the fishes for the parameters measured. Since the results of the chemical analyses showed concentrations of a number of PBDE congeners in liver, fillet, and brain that were about three orders of magnitude above those of fish from the North Sea, it is concluded that the short-term toxicity of both commercial PBDE mixtures for these endpoints was low. 相似文献
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Hydrocarbons and nitriles are produced in Triton's stratosphere by energetic electrons from Neptune's magnetosphere and other charged particle sources. Laboratory plasma experiments reported here show a substantial yield of molecules from low pressure flows of 10(-3) CH4 in N2 appropriate to Triton if both CH4 and N2 are saturated at the surface. An active magnetosphere similar to that of Uranus would result in a flux approximately 0.3 erg cm-2 s-1 of 0.1-1 MeV electrons in Triton's stratosphere; molecular production rates are then 10(6)-10(8) cm-2 s-1 for NH3, C2H2, HCN, and NCCN; tens of hundreds of gm cm-2 of these compounds per 10(9) yr (and lesser quantities of at least eight other molecules experimentally detected) would freeze to fine-grained white condensates in the lower stratosphere and sediment to the surface. Along with dark/colored organic haze produced in the stratosphere and other heteropolymers produced at the surface, these condensates are subjects to redistribution by aeolian processes and may appear as lag deposits and/or sediment layers. A simple eddy diffusion model indicates abundances approximately 10(19) molec cm-2 for HCN and C2H2, and > 10(17) molec cm-2 for NCCN, CH3CCH, CH2CCH2, and CH3CN in the stratosphere; these and other organic molecules will be detectable by IRIS if the stratosphere is (as expected) heated through ultraviolet and visible light absorption by the haze. 相似文献
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本文介绍了使用硅(锂)检测器进行定量电子探针分析的一种方法,这种方法使用了背景模拟技术及其它技术中的电荷收集不完全和电子噪声的校正。轻元素分析的改进对硅酸盐样品是特别有利的,使之尽可能采用纯金属作分析标样。这种方法已被用于各种地球化学样品的分析中(包括用JG—1和JB—1岩石做成的玻璃)。与湿式化学分析相对比和对矿物化学方程式的测定表明,该方法的准确度和精度是可靠的。实际上该准确度不低于传统的湿式化学分析;对于浓度范围0.1～0.2wt％的元素也是如此。这种精度与湿式化学分析的精度属于同一个数量级。现在,在地球化学上,能谱仪可以适用于各种分析条件。 相似文献
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在埃及东南部的汉默斯沙漠地区,黄铁矿、黄铜矿和金有的产于石英脉中和花岗岩中,有的则以星散状、浸染状矿体赋存于高度蚀变的变质火山岩剪切带中。这些矿物的形成部分与磁黄铁矿、蓝辉铜矿、锑黝铜矿、辉铜矿、斑铜矿和铜蓝有关。黄钞矿具有两种晶形:(1)含有原生硫化物包裹体的自形—半自形巨型晶体,(2)细晶集合体。黄铜矿具有三种晶形:(1)自形巨型晶体,(2)细晶含微包裹体,(3)它型残余物。硫化物矿物有三个形成阶段,这三个阶段与热液的连续冷却结晶过程有关。在无序的高温热液阶段金以基质存在于早期硫化矿物中,在温度逐渐降低的后期阶段,含金黄铁矿经过重新运移,产生了自然金,显微镜分析结果证明,金和铜在晚期的黄铁矿中相对富集,分析研究过的表层蚀变矿物有:针铁矿、褐铁矿、金以及铁和铜的碳酸盐矿物和硫化物。 相似文献
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为了找到一种直接找金的勘探方法,在英国的很多地方对流水中可溶金的富集情况进行了研究。用盐酸和甲基异丁酮(MIBK)进行预富集后,用感应耦合等离子质谱仪对金进行了分析。检出限为0.5ngl~(-1)Au。样品是在以石英为主岩的三个已知金矿区采集的。在北爱尔兰的卡拉菲纳特(Curraghinalt)地区或在苏格兰阿基尔的拉格劳可恩(Lagalochan)地区都没有测列可溶金。在威尔士的道尔格拉(Dolgcllau)地区的金矿中,有十三个样品的金含量为1.5～1.6ng,有三个样品在这个范围之外。在任选的其他三个地区中的两个地区:苏格兰因沃尔内斯—夕尔的罗义桥地区和西康沃尔地区,每一个地区都有一个可测到金的样品,对中威尔士普林里蓑(Plynlimon)地区的样品也作了分析发现其溶解的金含量有重要意义(1～10ngl~(-1)Au)。有几种元素(Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ca、Co、Pb、U、Li、Rb、CS、Sr、Ba、B、Y和La)可能是找金的指示元素,对它们也做了分析。元素Co、Ni、Li和Ba与已知金矿区的出现有关,Co/Ni的比值特别有用。研究的结果表明:在已知出现金矿化的地区,可溶金富集度的背景值比以前报导过的数值更低。远离已知金异常pH值近中性的几个地区存在可溶金可能与黄铁矿的氧化作用有关。我们认为:浅层地下水中的水文地球化学异常不只是(或可能不是)指示金矿床的存在而且是含金原岩的存在标志。 相似文献
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