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P Thoya S Pérez-Jorge GM Okemwa H Mwamlavya A Tuda N Wambiji 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(1):23-33
Ringnet fishing began in the early 20th century and is practised worldwide, mainly to target nearshore pelagic species. The method was introduced to Kenya’s coastal waters by migrant fishers from Tanzania. However, the impacts of this fishing gear remain poorly assessed. We assessed the spatial distribution of ringnet fishing effort and its possible effects on ecosystem components, such as coral reefs, marine megafauna and marine protected areas, on the south coast of Kenya. We tracked 89 ringnet fishing trips made from December 2015 to January 2016 and used spatial multicriteria analysis to determine hotspots of possible environmental risks. The results showed that habitat type and bathymetric profile influenced the spatial distribution of ringnet fishing effort. Mixed seagrass and coral habitats had the highest concentration of the effort. Most of the habitats in the study area were moderately exposed to the impacts of the ringnet fishery. The study identifies high-risk areas that require spatial measures to minimise possible environmental risks of the gear both to habitats and to endangered sea turtles. 相似文献
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The South African coastline has been invaded by numerous alien species. Rare pre-invasion (1980) and post-invasion datasets (2001 and 2012) exist for Marcus Island, a small land-tied island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. These snapshot datasets of the island’s intertidal invertebrate community were complemented with monitoring across seasons, from 2014 to 2016. Invertebrate communities were compared among the summers of 1980, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess interannual differences, while invertebrates and algae were monitored quarter-annually to assess seasonal changes. In addition, the population dynamics of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were monitored. Differences in invertebrate communities between consecutive summers were significant but much smaller than changes induced by the arrival of alien species. Invertebrate and seaweed communities differed among years and shore zones but not among seasons, whereas species diversity differed among years, seasons and shore zones, with zones having the strongest influence. The invasion by M. galloprovincialis, and ensuing spatial and temporal variability in its recruitment, emerged as the most important factor influencing community composition, overshadowing interannual and seasonal changes. This work highlights that the impacts of alien species can be distinguished from natural variability by combining long-term monitoring with surveys at finer temporal scales. This is an important step in extending our understanding of the impacts of marine alien species. 相似文献
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Victor A. Piedrahita Roberto S. Molina-Garza Gloria M. Sierra José F. Duque-Trujillo 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2017,61(4):772-800
Mio-Pliocene hypabyssal rocks of the Combia event in the Amagá basin (NW Andes-Colombia), contain a deformational record of the activity of the Cauca-Romeral fault system, and the interaction of terranes within the Choco and northern Andean blocks. Previous paleomagnetic studies interpreted coherent counterclockwise rotations and noncoherent modes of rotation about horizontal axes for the Combia intrusives. However, rotations were determined from in-situ paleomagnetic directions and the existing data set is small. In order to better understand the deformational features of these rocks, we collected new paleomagnetic, structural, petrographic and magnetic fabric data from well exposed hypabyssal rocks of the Combia event. The magnetizations of these rocks are controlled by a low-coercivity ferromagnetic phase. Samples respond well to alternatingfield demagnetization isolating a magnetization component of moderate coercivity. These rocks do not have ductile deformation features. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and morphotectonic analysis indicate that rotation about horizontal axes is consistently to the south-east, suggesting the need to apply a structural correction to the paleomagnetic data. The relationships between magnetic foliations and host-rock bedding planes indicate tectonic activity initiated before ~10 Ma. We present a mean paleomagnetic direction (declination D = 342.8°, inclination I = 12.1°, 95% confidence interval α95 = 12.5°, precision parameter k = 8.6, number of specimens n = 18) that incorporates structural corrections. The dispersion S = 27° of site means cannot be explained by secular variation alone, but it indicates a counterclockwise rotation of 14.8° ± 12.7° relative to stable South America. Paleomagnetic data within a block bounded by the Sabanalarga and Cascajosa faults forms a more coherent data set (D = 336.5°, I = 17.4°, α95 = 11.7°, k = 12.5, n = 14), which differs from sites west of the Sabanalarga fault and shows a rotation about a vertical axis of 20.2° ± 10.7°. Deformation in the Amagá basin may be tentatively explained by the obduction of the Cañas Gordas terrane over the northwestern margin of the northern Andean block. However, it can also be related to the local effects of the Cauca-Romeral fault system. 相似文献
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Mariano Moreno‐de las Heras Rubén Díaz‐Sierra José M. Nicolau Miguel A. Zavala 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(10):1367-1377
The management of reclaimed slopes derived from industrial and civil activities (e.g. surface mining and road construction) requires the development of practical stability analysis approaches that integrate the processes and mechanisms that rule the dynamics of these ubiquitous emerging ecosystems. This work describes a new modelling approach focused on stability analysis of water‐limited reclaimed slopes, where interactive relationships between rill erosion and vegetation regulate ecosystem stability. Our framework reproduces two main groups of possible trends along the temporal evolution of reclaimed slopes: successful trends, characterized by widespread vegetation development and the effective control of rill erosion processes; and gullying trends, characterized by the progressive loss of vegetation and a sharp logistic increase in erosion rates. Furthermore, this analytical approach allows the determination of threshold values for the state variables (i.e. vegetation cover and rill erosion) that drive the system's stability, facilitating the identification of critical situations that require specific human intervention (e.g. revegetation or, in very problematic cases, revegetation combined with rill network destruction) to ensure the long‐term sustainability of the restored ecosystem. The application of our threshold analysis framework in Mediterranean‐dry reclaimed slopes derived from surface coal mining (the Teruel coalfield in central‐eastern Spain) showed a good field‐based performance. Therefore, we believe that this model is a valuable contribution for the management of water‐limited reclaimed systems, including those associated with rill erosion, as it provides a tool for the evaluation of restoration success and can play an important role in decision‐making during ecosystem restoration in severely disturbed landscapes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The northeastern sector of the Spanish Central System hosts important Stephanian-Permian silver-base metal epithermal mineralizations defining the so-called Hiendelaencina District. The overall geotectonic evolution of this region indicates a major late Variscan extensional period involving the unroofing of dome-shaped metamorphic core complexes, which ultimately led to the radial brittle disruption of these bodies allowing the ascent of andesitic magmas and high-level hydrothermal activity. The deposits are hosted by high-grade metaphorphic rocks belonging to these complexes. Mineralogical and fluid inclusion studies reveal that the mineralizations were formed during two to four hydrothermal stages. These are the result of complex interactions between fluids of contrasted temperatures and salinities. Data on sulphur isotopes suggest that two sources of sulphur existed: magmatic (andesitic derived, with 34S + 6) and metasediment-derived (with initial 34S probably + 25). 相似文献
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Bradford M. Clement Luz Loresley Sierra Edward Smith Peter Rodda 《Surveys in Geophysics》1996,17(2):189-196
We sampled the upper Cochiti polarity transition recorded in the Suva Marl in Fiji (18° S, 178° E). The Suva Marl accumulated at an average rate of 83.2 m/m.y. and provides a unique opportunity to address the question of whether present-day overprints bias the transition records. Fiji has undergone a 30° counterclockwise rotation since the deposition of the Suva Marl and hence a present day overprint onto the transitions would bias the VGPs toward the east of the site. Replicate transition records yield VGPs over both Asia and the Americas. Progressive demagnetization reveals a normal polarity overprint which was acquired prior to the rotation of Fiji, and therefore does not produce an easterly bias to the transition data even after correction for the rotation. We collected an oriented block sample across a portion of the transitional interval in the upper Cochiti reversal. Subsampling of this block into 1.0 cm thick wafers cut parallel to bedding provides considerably greater detail during the transition. These detailed data suggest that the oscillatory movement of the VGPs in these sections may be a result of the averaging caused by standard, detailed minicoring and not by the sediments or the remanence acquisition process. 相似文献
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M. Focardi E. Pace M. Farina A. M. Di Giorgio J. Colomé Ferrer I. Ribas C. Sierra Roig L. Gesa Bote J. C. Morales J. Amiaux C. Cara J. L. Augurés E. Pascale G. Morgante V. Da Deppo M. Pancrazzi V. Noce S. Pezzuto M. Frericks F. Zwart G. Bishop K. Middleton P. Eccleston G. Micela G. Tinetti 《Experimental Astronomy》2018,45(1):1-20
In this paper we present the electromagnetic modeling and beam pattern measurements of a 16-elements ultra wideband sparse random test array for the low frequency instrument of the Square Kilometer Array telescope. We discuss the importance of a small array test platform for the development of technologies and techniques towards the final telescope, highlighting the most relevant aspects of its design. We also describe the electromagnetic simulations and modeling work as well as the embedded-element and array pattern measurements using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle system. The latter are helpful both for the validation of the models and the design as well as for the future instrumental calibration of the telescope thanks to the stable, accurate and strong radio frequency signal transmitted by the UAV. At this stage of the design, these measurements have shown a general agreement between experimental results and numerical data and have revealed the localized effect of un-calibrated cable lengths in the inner side-lobes of the array pattern. 相似文献