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Probability-based assessment of hurricane damage costs for coastal communities is vital for policy-makers and insurers. The uncertainties associated with hurricane damage costs include both the inherent uncertainty due to the random nature of hurricane process and the model uncertainty of the mathematical representation of hurricane damage (vulnerability model). The hurricane vulnerability model has traditionally been modeled as a deterministic function of hurricane wind speed in the literature, without considering the effect of vulnerability model uncertainty on hurricane damage assessment. This paper develops two methods to assess the hurricane damage costs in the presence of vulnerability model uncertainty. To account for the non-stationarity in hurricane actions due to the potential impact of climate change, the hurricane occurrence process is modeled as a non-stationary Poisson process and the hurricane intensity is assumed to vary in time with time-variant statistical parameters of hurricane wind speed. A case study of Miami-Dade County, Florida, is conducted to illustrate the proposed methods and to investigate the impact of vulnerability model uncertainty on hurricane damage costs. 相似文献
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The most intense area of Mesozoic volcanism and main region of hydrothermal-type uranium deposits is located in Eastern China. From the northern to the southern part, it can be divided into seven volcanic belts of Great Xing’an Range, Lesser Xing’an-Zhangguangcai Ranges, Northern Hebei-Western Liaoning, the Lower Yangtze Region, Ganhang areas, Wuyi Mountain areas,the Southeast Coastal areas, five uranium metallogenic belts of Guyuan-Hongshanzi, Qinglong-Xingcheng, Luzong-Qixia, Ganhang, Wuyi Mountain, and Three uranium metallogenic perspective belts of Manzhouli-Erguna, Zhalantun, Yichun. The volcanism of all these volcanic belts can be subdivided into six stages: The Early Jurassic to early Middle Jurassic, late Middle Jurassic to early Late Jurassic, early Early Cretaceous, middle Early Cretaceous, late Early Cretaceous and early Late Cretaceous. High-K calc-alkaline rhyolite-alkali trachyte rock assemblage of the early Early Cretaceous has a close connection with the explored uranium deposits. High-K calc-alkaline rhyolites have high content of uranium, and can provide the epithermal ore forming system with uranium; Alkali trachyte associated with mantle-derived magmatism can provide alkaline ore-forming fluid of rich uranium for deep temperature mineralizing system or act as pioneers of alkaline ore-forming fluid of rich uranium. 相似文献
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各救母岩体位于滇西富碱斑岩带中,属于金沙江-红河富碱侵入岩带的南段。对岩体进行了地球化学特征分析。样品主量元素的分析表明,各救母岩体属中酸性岩,具有高钾、高碱的特征,属于高钾钙碱性或钾玄岩系列;微量和稀土元素的分析表明,该岩体LREE/HREE值和(La/Yb)N值分别为12.60~19.25和17.02~34.87,属于轻稀土富集型,δEu为0.73~0.98,Eu具轻微的负异常,形成各救母岩体的岩浆应来自于高压环境的上地幔-下地壳,经历了地幔交代作用,并与富碱岩浆进行了混合。各救母斑岩体锆石U-Pb定年(LA-MC-ICPMS)加权平均年龄为(37.91±0.35) Ma(n=27,MSWD=0.99)。研究表明各救母岩体处于印度欧亚大陆的晚碰撞构造转换阶段,亦为后碰撞的早期阶段。 相似文献
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大兴安岭南端红山子盆地流纹岩的成因:元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红山子晚侏罗世早期火山盆地位于西拉木伦河-长春缝合带以南、康宝-围场-赤峰-开原断裂带以北的辽源地块,其中赋存铀钼矿床的流纹岩为肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩。为了查明流纹岩的物质来源和形成的构造背景,本文分析了流纹岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。分析结果显示：流纹岩具有高SiO2、K2O和Fe2O3/FeO值,低Al2O3、CaO和MgO的特征,肉红色流纹岩比灰白色流纹岩的SiO2含量略低、（K2O+Na2O）含量高和Fe2O3/FeO值略高;肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩均有较高的稀土含量,明显富集轻稀土,显著亏损铕;高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ce、Y、Ga和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U的含量较高,但大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr的含量低且变化较大,具有A1型流纹岩、低Sr-Ba流纹岩和板内拉张构造流纹岩的微量元素特征;具有较小的（87Sr/86Sr）i、较高的εNd（t）、较年轻的TDM2和较低的（206Pb/204Pb）i、（207Pb/204Pb）i、（208Pb/204Pb）i,指示流纹岩是源于EMⅠ富集地幔的中元古代年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,并在岩浆过程中经历了结晶分异。肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩的差异可能与年轻下地壳物质的成分差异有关。 相似文献
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Qiuming Pei Shouting Zhang Ken‐ichiro Hayashi Liang Wang Huawen Cao Yu Zhao Xinkai Hu Kairui Song Weiwei Chao 《Resource Geology》2019,69(2):148-166
The recently discovered Xiaobeigou fluorite deposit is situated in the southern part of the Southern Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt. Fluorite‐bearing veins are rather common over the whole area. So far, 11 mineralized veins have been delineated at the Xiaobeigou deposit. Orebodies of the deposit are mainly hosted in Permian and Jurassic volcano‐sedimentary rocks. The orebodies in this mining district exhibit a well‐developed vertical zonation: from top to bottom, the orebodies can be divided into upper, central, and lower zones. The central zone is the most important part for mining operations, and it shows lateral zonation of fluorite mineralization. Rare earth element (REE) contents of the investigated samples are relatively low (less than 30.2 ppm). Furthermore, the REE contents of the fluorite grains from early to late ore stages exhibit a decreasing trend. All the fluorite samples show no or slightly positive Eu anomalies. Three types of fluid inclusions (FIs) are distinguished in the quartz and fluorite samples, including pure‐liquid single‐phase (PL‐type), liquid‐rich two‐phase (L‐Type), and vapor‐rich two‐phase (V‐type) FIs. The FIs hosted in early‐stage quartz were homogenized at 159.5–260.7°C (mainly 160–240°C); their salinities range from 0.18 to 1.22 wt.% NaCl eqv. The FIs hosted in early‐stage fluorite yield slightly lower homogenization temperatures of 144.4–266.8°C (peaking at 140–220°C), which correspond to salinities of 0.18–0.88 wt.% NaCl eqv. Homogenization temperatures and salinities for the late stage are 132.5–245.8°C (mainly 160–180°C) and 0.18–1.40 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. Laser Raman spectroscopy of FIs shows that both the vapor and liquid compositions of the inclusions are dominated by H2O. The H–O isotopic compositions at Xiaobeigou suggest that the ore‐forming fluids are predominantly of meteoric water origin. The Xiaobeigou deposit can be classified as a typical low‐temperature hydrothermal vein‐type fluorite deposit. Combined with regional data, we infer that the fluorite mineralization occurred during the Late Mesozoic in an extensional setting. 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of seismic wavefields in TTI media using the rotated staggered-grid compact finite-difference scheme 
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下载免费PDF全文 Numerical simulation in transverse isotropic media with tilted symmetry axis(TTI) using the standard staggered-grid finite-difference scheme(SSG)results in errors caused by averaging or interpolation. In order to eliminate the errors, a method of rotated staggered-grid finite-difference scheme(RSG) is proposed. However, the RSG brings serious numerical dispersion. The compact staggered-grid finite-difference scheme(CSG) is an implicit difference scheme, which use fewer grid points to suppress dispersion more effectively than the SSG. This paper combines the CSG with the RSG to derive a rotated staggered-grid compact finite-difference scheme(RSGC). The numerical experiments indicate that the RSGC has weaker numerical dispersion and better accuracy than the RSG. 相似文献
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Chen Xiaoqing Liu Shen Feng Caixia Coulson Ian M. Fan Yan Tai Kairui Gao Tianjing Zhang Siyuan 《中国地球化学学报》2020,39(3):307-325
The mafic dykes (dolerites) during the Early Paleozoic are widely spread in Langao-Ziyang, southern Qiling Block, and the investigation on these dykes are very important. Previous studies have mainly focused on the Silurian mafic dykes; however, research on the Earlier Paleozoic mafic dykes is relatively weak at present. Therefore, the overall understanding of the mantle source and genetic dynamic setting during the Early Paleozoic in this area is lacking. To study the accurate age and origin of the Early Paleozoic mafic dykes in Ziyang, southern Shaanxi Province, the mafic dykes from dabacunand Qinmingzhai were selected and the petrology, zircon U–Pb chronology, geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes were studied. Analysis indicates that the mafic dykes studied are mainly composed of dolerite, and they are the products of the Early Ordovician (475.8–480.7 Ma). Furthermore, the dolerites belong to alkaline rock series, and they are characterized by enrichment in LREE, Rb, Ba, Sr, Nb, (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7020–0.7050, εNd(t) = 3.0–4.0), εHf (t) = 4.5–12.1,176Hf/177Hf = 0.282681–0.282844. This suggests that the mafic dyke were derived from the partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle, and the genetic process is mainly controlled by the mantle plume based on the discussion of the genetic model. Furthermore, the genetic process experienced the separation and crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene at the same time, with little crustal contamination.
相似文献10.
多源星载SAR地形干涉测量精度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
星载InSAR技术具有高效率、高精度获取全球DEM数据及其他增值产品的优势,是地形测绘领域的研究热点。本文综合利用国内外多源星载SAR影像数据,开展地形干涉测量试验及精度对比分析,旨在为全球测绘提供技术参考。现有的X/C/L波段卫星SAR系统,如COSMO-SkyMed、GF-3、ALOS-2获取的干涉数据集,在青海典型复杂地形实验区均成功获取了DEM数据产品。分析结果表明,在3种典型数据源中,基于COSMO-SkyMed干涉测量DEM的精度与细节质量相对较高,GF-3干涉结果次之,ALOS-2数据也实现了较好的地形测图精度。相关结果从侧面论证了国产GF-3数据具备在空间基线合适的条件下获得高精度DEM数据产品的潜力。 相似文献