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1.
MALCOLM WHITWORTH WILLIAM MURPHY DAVID GLLES DAVID PETLEY 《The Geographical journal》2000,166(2):139-155
The Broadway area of the Cotswolds has been extensively investigated in an attempt to delineate areas of slope instability, including'relict'landslides, which may have been initiated under periglacial climatic conditions. It is, therefore, useful both in terms of the geomorphology and of the understanding of the evolution of the area, to investigate the rates and timing of any reactivation and subsequent movements of landslides in this area. The remains of ridge and furrow cultivation can be seen extensively throughout the Cotswolds. This particular agricultural practice, which documentary evidence suggests dates back to Anglo-Saxon times (approximately 10th century AD), has been disturbed in many places by slope movements. A detailed study of Parish Records and other local his-torical sources has revealed that ridge and furrow cultivation ceased on Parliamentary Enclosure, which in this area, occurred in 1771. Therefore, it is possible to identify patterms of slope movement between these dates. Landslides have been identified by ground mapping and aerial photography, and can be divided into three categories. Firstly, active landslides which are those which have shown evidence of movement during the study period. Secondly, suspended landslides, which show evidence of movement, but have not been observed to move during the study period. In this context, this has been taken to mean landslides, which have shown evidence of movement since 1771. Thirdly, relict landslides which have shown no evidence of movement since 1771 and thus were probably active under a different climatic regime. By incorporating historical data with the geomorphological survey it has been possible to identify areas of potentially difficult ground for engineering geomorphological purposes. 相似文献
2.
ALLAN GIL S. FERNANDO HIROSHI NISHI KAZUSHIGE TANABE KAZUYOSHI MORIYA YASUHIRO IBA KAZUTO KODAMA MICHAEL A. MURPHY HISATAKE OKADA 《Island Arc》2011,20(3):346-370
The results of a calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigation of the North Fork Cottonwood Creek section of the Budden Canyon Formation (BCF; Hauterivian–Turonian) in northern California are summarized using the Boreal – cosmopolitan Boreal Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (BC) – Upper Cretaceous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (UC) nannofossil zonal schemes of Bown et al. and Burnett et al. Sixteen intervals, ranging from the BC15 to UC8 zones, were established in the section. Combined biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic studies suggest a Hauterivian to mid‐Turonian age for the studied sequence. The Hauterivian–Barremian, Barremian–Aptian, Aptian–Albian, Albian–Cenomanian, and Cenomanian–Turonian stage boundaries were delineated near the top of the Ogo Member, below the Huling Sandstone Member, within the upper Chickabally Member, in the upper portion of the Bald Hills Member and within the Gas Point Member, respectively. Unconformities probably exist at the base of the Huling Sandstone Member and the upper part of the upper Chickabally Member. The nannofossil assemblage in the North Fork Cottonwood Creek suggests that the study area was under the influence of cold‐water conditions during the Barremian to Lower Aptian interval, shifting to tropical/warm‐water conditions during the Albian to Turonian interval as a result of the mid‐Cretaceous global warming. Although oceanic anoxic events have not yet been reported in the BCF, preliminary total organic carbon, along with nannofossil data, suggest the presence of the global Cenomanian–Turonian boundary oceanic anoxic event 2. 相似文献
3.
Developing on the ‘global’ and ‘postmodern’ cities literatures, this paper sets out a research agenda for exploring the nature of urban transformation in contemporary Auckland. Focusing on the recursive relationship between global and local processes, we examine emerging socio-demographic and cultural processes at work in the city. Our research agenda addresses three themes: emerging ethnoscapes, the creation and reproduction of residential landscapes, and the examination of consumption sites and practices. 相似文献
4.
ALEXANDER B. MURPHY 《Geographical review》2010,100(4):443-450
Editors' Note: This essay by Alexander Murphy begins the final set of retrospective works commissioned to celebrate the centennial volume of the Geographical Review. In this group, American Geographical Society Councilors undertake the challenge of reviewing major conceptual approaches or topical fields as presented in the journal's first ninety‐nine volumes and to muse about how those approaches will contribute to the field in its second century. In addition to Murphy, the contributors comprise Councilors Marie Price and Douglas Sherman, as well as a review of fieldwork by Associate Editor Dydia DeLyser and her coauthor, Paul Karolczyk. As much as retrospective views, we hope these essays point the way for scholarship in the coming years. 相似文献
5.
西藏及其周围地区地壳、地幔地震层析成像——印度板块大规模俯冲于西藏高原之下的证据 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
文中介绍有关西藏—喜马拉雅碰撞带的一项地震层析成像研究。根据一个用天然地震数据产生的全球波速模型 ,印度板块有可能以近水平状俯冲于整个西藏高原之下至 16 5～ 2 6 0km深度。西藏岩石圈具有低波速地壳和高波速下岩石圈 (75～ 12 0km深 )。在 12 0～ 16 5km深度范围 ,西藏岩石圈与俯冲的印度板块之间有一层低速软流圈物质。高原中部从地表到 310km深处有一低速体 ,说明地幔物质有可能穿过俯冲板块的脆弱部位上隆。这些结果以及野外实测的地壳缩短值说明高原的抬升得助于印度板块的近水平俯冲。我们推论俯冲印度板块的升温上浮以及上覆软流层的存在是造成西藏高原高海拔抬升以及内部地表仍相对平坦的主要原因。2 0 0 1年 1月 2 6日在印度西部发生的毁灭性大地震有可能是俯冲应力在印度板块后缘薄弱处引发的岩石圈大断裂。 相似文献
6.
Lamproites from Gaussberg, Antarctica: Possible Transition Zone Melts of Archaean Subducted Sediments 总被引：3，自引：9，他引：3
Petrogenetic models for the origin of lamproites are evaluatedusing new major element, trace element, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopedata for Holocene lamproites from the Gaussberg volcano in theEast Antarctic Shield. Gaussberg lamproites exhibit very unusualPb isotope compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 17·44–17·55and 207Pb/204Pb = 15·56–15·63), which incommon Pb isotope space plot above mantle evolution lines andto the left of the meteorite isochron. Combined with very unradiogenicNd, such compositions are shown to be inconsistent with an originby melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Instead,a model is proposed in which late Archaean continent-derivedsediment is subducted as K-hollandite and other ultra-high-pressurephases and sequestered in the Transition Zone (or lower mantle)where it is effectively isolated for 2–3 Gyr. The high207Pb/204Pb ratio is thus inherited from ancient continent-derivedsediment, and the relatively low 206Pb/204Pb ratio is the resultof a single stage of U/Pb fractionation by subduction-relatedU loss during slab dehydration. Sr and Nd isotope ratios, andtrace element characteristics (e.g. Nb/Ta ratios) are consistentwith sediment subduction and dehydration-related fractionation.Similar models that use variable time of isolation of subductedsediment can be derived for all lamproites. Our interpretationof lamproite sources has important implications for ocean islandbasalt petrogenesis as well as the preservation of geochemicallyanomalous reservoirs in the mantle. KEY WORDS: lamproites; Pb isotopes; mantle Transition Zone; subducted sediment; anomalous mantle reservoirs 相似文献
7.
Remobilization of Andesite Magma by Intrusion of Mafic Magma at the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
MURPHY M. D.; SPARKS R. S. J.; BARCLAY J.; CARROLL M. R.; BREWER T. S. 《Journal of Petrology》2000,41(1):21-42
The 1995–1999 eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano,Montserrat, has produced a crystal-rich andesite containingquench-textured mafic inclusions, which show evidence of havingbeen molten when incorporated into the host magma. Individualcrystals in the andesite record diverse histories. Amphibolephenocrysts vary from pristine and unaltered to strongly oxidizedand pseudomorphed by anhydrous reaction products. Plagioclasephenocrysts are commonly reverse zoned, often with dusty sievetextures. Reverse zoned rims are also common on orthopyroxenephenocrysts. Pyroxene geothermometry gives an average temperatureof 858 ± 20°C for orthopyroxene phenocryst cores,whereas reverse zoned rims record temperatures from about 880to 1050°C. The heterogeneity in mineral rim compositions,zoning patterns and textures is interpreted as reflecting non-uniformreheating and remobilization of the resident magma body by intrusionof hotter mafic magma. Convective remobilization results inmixing together of phenocrysts that have experienced differentthermal histories, depending on proximity to the intruding maficmagma. The low temperature and high crystallinity are interpretedas reflecting the presence of a cool, highly crystalline magmabody beneath the Soufriere Hills volcano. The petrological observations,in combination with data on seismicity, extrusion rate and SO2fluxes, indicate that the current eruption was triggered byrecent influx of hot mafic magma. KEY WORDS: Montserrat; eruption; magma mixing; mafic inclusion; sieve texture 相似文献
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9.
青藏高原羌塘中部蓝片岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：29，自引：4，他引：29
青藏高原羌塘中部的冈玛日－桃形错地区蓝片岩被认为是板块构造边界的产物，通过对其主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征的综合研究，其原岩属于洋岛型碱性玄武岩。再结合该地区的地质研究，表明在该地区存在一个古提斯洋，可以作为晚古生代冈瓦纳与劳亚大陆的分界线。 相似文献
10.
琵琶湖沉积物中磷释放的潜在变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
日本琵琶湖沉积物中磷的释放量是随强风（例如台风）以及接近底部的氧气消耗而增加。为了研究这个过程，我们于1997年至1999年的夏初和夏末收集了沉积物芯样。通过对孔隙水中的硫酸盐、硝酸盐成份和沉积物中的易挥发性酸性硫酸盐成份的测试所反映出的沉积物中氧化过程的变化表明有很大的季节性和空间分布的差异性。在1997年和1999年测试的硝酸盐和硫酸盐所反映的沉积物氧化过程主要出现在湖盆深水处的北端。沉积物中最大酸性浓度的位置分布在深水中，其位置的变化表明最大磷溶解量的空间位置可能随年度而改变。 相似文献