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S. G. Karetnikov M. A. Naumenko V. V. Guzivatyi M. N. Shimaraev A. V. Kuraev 《Geography and Natural Resources》2016,37(2):135-143
We examine the dependence of the ice conditions for two major lakes of Asia and Europe: Baikal and Ladoga, on regional values of the arithmetic sums of mean daily winter air temperatures and global atmospheric processes expressed by atmospheric circulation indices. By ranking the winters according to the sums of mean daily winter air temperatures, it was possible to identify winters of the same type of severity for the regions of Baikal and Ladoga. The winters of the same type show an enhancement in correlations between ice characteristics with respect to the sums of winter air temperatures and atmospheric circulation indices as well as ice characteristics of the two lakes. It is shown that the interannual changers in characteristics of ice regime of Ladoga and Baikal are largely determined by the same atmospheric processes. The role of the circulation is most clearly manifested in variation of temperature regime indicators. Thus, the sums of air temperatures accumulated during a winter in the regions of these lakes show primarily the closest correlation with the Arctic and North Atlantic oscillation indices. 相似文献
3.
Shimaraev M. N. Granin N. G. Domysheva V. M. Zhdanov A. A. Golobokova L. P. Gnatovskii R. Yu. Tsekhanovskii V. V. Blinov V. V. 《Water Resources》2003,30(6):623-626
Published results of studies and calculations based on data on the salinity of river and lake waters are used to assess the resulting horizontal water exchange between bed depressions in Baikal. The role of this process in the redistribution of nutrients in the lake is demonstrated using dissolved Si as an example. 相似文献
4.
Ice and Snow Cover of Continental Water Bodies from Simultaneous Radar Altimetry and Radiometry Observations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. V. Kouraev M. N. Shimaraev P. I. Buharizin M. A. Naumenko J.-F. Crétaux N. Mognard B. Legrésy F. Rémy 《Surveys in Geophysics》2008,29(4-5):271-295
We show how the studies of ice and snow cover of continental water bodies can benefit from the synergy of more than 15 years-long simultaneous active (radar altimeter) and passive (radiometer) observations from radar altimetric satellites (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, ENVISAT and Geosat Follow-On) and how this approach can be complemented by SSM/I passive microwave data to improve spatial and temporal coverage. Five largest Eurasian continental water bodies—Caspian and Aral seas, Baikal, Ladoga and Onega lakes are selected as examples. First we provide an overview of ice regime and history of ice studies for these seas and lakes. Then a summary of the existing state of the art of ice discrimination methodology from altimetric observations and SSM/I is given. The drawbacks and benefits of each type of sensor and particularities of radiometric properties for each of the chosen water bodies are discussed. Influence of sensor footprint size, ice roughness and snow cover on satellite measurements is also addressed. A step-by-step ice discrimination approach based on a combined use of the data from the four altimetric missions and SSM/I is presented, as well as validation of this approach using in situ and independent satellite data in the visible range. The potential for measurement of snow depth on ice from passive microwave observations using both altimeters and SSM/I is addressed and a qualitative comparison of in situ snow depth observations and satellite-derived estimates is made. 相似文献
5.
M. N. Shimaraev A. A. Zhdanov R. Yu. Gnatovskii V. V. Blinov V. G. Ivanov 《Water Resources》2011,38(2):169-174
The specific features of cold bottom intrusion in Baikal are considered based on the results of observations of 1993–2009.
It is shown that the intrusion-related renewal of bottom water takes place not regularly and not simultaneously in different
hollows. Its maximums were recorded in Southern Baikal in 1997 and 2007, in Middle Baikal in 1995, 2006, and 2009, and in
Northern Baikal in 1997 and 2009. In these years, the volume of cold bottom layer in some hollows reached 200–470 km3 and its total cooling reached −20 to −60 MJ 109. Cold intrusions were more frequent and had greater effect on the bottom layer in Southern Baikal than in other parts of
the lake. The intrusions, especially in the years of their active development, are shown to cause water cooling in both the
bottom layer and the major part of the deep-water zone of all hollows. 相似文献
6.
Shimaraev M. N. Troitskaya E. S. Blinov V. V. Ivanov V. G. Gnatovskii R. Yu. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,442(2):272-276
Based on shipboard and satellite observations, the characteristics of upwelling in Lake Baikal in the period of direct temperature
stratification have been determined for the first time. Coastal upwellings appear annually under the effect of run-down and
alongshore winds and are traced along the coast to a distance of up to 60–100 km and up to 250 km in North Baikal. Analogous
to the way it occurs in seas, water rises from the depths of 100–200 m (350 m as a maximum) at the velocity of 0.1 × 10−2−6.5 × 10−2 cm/s. Divergence in the field of intràbasin cyclonic macrovortices produces upwelling in the Baikal pelagic zone and downwelling
in the vicinity of shores; this lasts from 7 to 88 days and covers the depth interval of 80–300 m in August and up to 400–800
m in early-mid November. The area of upwellings occupies up to 20–60% of the separate basins of the lake. Vertical circulation
of water in the field of pelagic upwellings leads to intensification of coastal currents and to formation of the thermobar
with a heat inert zone in the central part of the lake in November, and this thermobar is not observed in other lakes, at
that. 相似文献
7.
V. N. Sinyukovich L. N. Sizova M. N. Shimaraev N. N. Kurbatova 《Geography and Natural Resources》2013,34(4):350-355
We examine the changes in water inflow into Baikal that are taking place due to global warming that enhanced beginning in the 1970s as well as due to the different responses of discharges of separate rivers within the Baikal watershed basin to climate change. 相似文献
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A study is made of the influence of the large-scale atmospheric circulation, described by the indices of Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns, on air temperature and ice-thermal characteristics of Lake Baikal for the time interval 1950–2010. Multiple linear regression equations have been obtained to account for 46–47% of the air temperature changes during the winter, spring and autumn seasons, and for 18% during the summer season. The main contribution to air temperature change for separate seasons (except in the summertime) and ice-thermal characteristics is made by the fluctuations of the AO and NAO indices characterizing the west-east transport of air masses, and of the SCAND and Sh indices of the mechanisms blocking this transport. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents the results on measurements of water temperature in Lake Baikal of 1972–2007. The abnormal warming during
this period was accompanied by gradual increase of the upper 300 m layer temperature, but did not affect the water state of
the deep zone. Temperature fluctuations in 1972–1992 mainly depended on dynamic influence of atmosphere on the water column
causing inter-annual changes in the activity of deep convection.
Published in Russian in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2009, Vol. 426, No. 5, pp. 685–689.
Presented by Academician M.A. Grachev September 11, 2008
The article was translated by the authors. 相似文献
10.
M. N. Shimaraev V. M. Domysheva R. Yu. Gnatovskii V. V. Blinov M. V. Sakirko 《Geography and Natural Resources》2016,37(3):212-219
We investigated the influence of deep forced temperature convection on aeration of the bottom water layer in the pelagic zone of Baikal. Temperature T (± 0.002°C) and oxygen O2 concentration (± 0.01 mg/L) were measured by using the SBE-25 probe with the SBE-43 oxygen sensor in May-July 2006?2007 and 2009?2013. Oxygen input into the bottom layer with cold intrusions was determined for 79 cases. The study revealed a quantitative correlation between the heat deficit and the rise in oxygen content in the bottom layer during cold intrusions. This correlation was used to reconstruct the values of intrusion aeration of the bottom layer during 1993?2005. It is ascertained that the intrusion-caused 2006?2013-average oxygen input into Baikal’s bottom layer is virtually close to the annual oxygen demand for oxidation processes in the water column and bottom sediments. In the southern and middle parts of Baikal, intrusion-caused input of oxygen corresponds to a higher rate of its demand (4.5?4.6x10-4 mg/L per day). A slight increase in oxygen concentration was detected in the bottom layer of the South and Middle Baikal and a slight decrease in the bottom layer of North Baikal during 1993?2013. 相似文献