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Microorganisms in the lateritic profiles of the Lianxian gold deposit in Guangdong were cultured, isolated and identified. The microorganisms include bacteria such as Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Actinetobacter, Aeromona, Listeria, Agrobacteriura, Cotyttebacteriurn, and Moraxella, fungi such as Penicillium, Alter naria, Cladosporium, Saccharcornyces, Mucor, and the chemoautotrophic Thiobacillu.~. It is shown in a leaching experiment that the microorganisms can accelerate the leaching of Cu, Cd, Zn, and that the G- bacteria are most efficient for leaching Cu, Zn and the G^ bacteria are better for leaching Cd. 相似文献
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Biocrust effects on soil infiltration have attracted increasing attention in dryland ecosystems, but their seasonal variations in infiltrability have not yet been well understood. On the Chinese Loess Plateau, soil infiltrability indicated by saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of biocrusts and bare soil, both on aeolian sand and loess soil, was determined by disc infiltrometer in late spring (SPR), midsummer (SUM), and early fall (FAL). Then their correlations with soil biological and physiochemical properties and water repellency index (RI) were analysed. The results showed that the biocrusts significantly decreased Ks both on sand during SPR, SUM, and FAL (by 43%, 66%, and 35%, respectively; P < .05) and on loess (by 42%, 92%, and 10%, respectively; P <.05). As compared with the bare soil, the decreased Ks in the biocrusted surfaces was mostly attributed to the microorganism biomass and also to the increasing content of fine particles and organic matter. Most importantly, both the biocrusts and bare soil exhibited significant (F ≥ 11.89, P ≤ .003) seasonal variations in Ks, but their patterns were quite different. Specifically, the Ks of bare soil gradually decreased from SPR to SUM (32% and 42% for sand and loess, respectively) and FAL (29% and 39%); the Ks of biocrusts also decreased from SPR to SUM (59% and 92%) but then increased in FAL (36% and 588%). Whereas the seasonal variations in Ks of the biocrusts were closely correlated with the seasonal variations in RI, the RI values were not high enough to point at hydrophobicity. Instead of that, the seasonal variations of Ks were principally explained by the changes in the crust biomass and possibly by the microbial exopolysaccharides. We conclude that the biocrusts significantly decreased soil infiltrability and exhibited a different seasonal variation pattern, which should be carefully considered in future analyses of hydropedological processes. 相似文献
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作为重要的土壤物理性质,膨胀性在影响土壤导水性、持水性、抗蚀性以及土壤结构的形成和发育等方面发挥着重要作用。为了探讨生物土壤结皮（BSCs）土壤的膨胀特性及其主要影响因素,针对黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土两种典型土壤,利用膨胀仪测定并比较了有、无藓结皮及其在不同因素（初始含水量、干湿循环、冻融循环、温度）下膨胀率的差异,分析了BSCs对土壤膨胀性的影响及其与环境因素和BSCs性质的关系。结果显示：风沙土上藓结皮的膨胀率为1.93%,较无结皮增加了8.65倍;而黄绵土上藓结皮的膨胀率为2.05%,与无结皮相比降低了76.68%。藓结皮的生物量和厚度与其膨胀率在风沙土上均呈线性正相关关系（P < 0.05）,在黄绵土上分别呈二次函数（P=0.02）和线性正相关关系（P=0.02）。初始含水量同时影响了土壤最大膨胀率和稳定膨胀时间,影响程度风沙土远大于黄绵土（包括藓结皮和无结皮）;干湿循环次数对无结皮土壤膨胀率的影响程度大于藓结皮土壤,其中风沙土和黄绵土上无结皮的膨胀率分别是50.00%~620.00%和-2.28%~10.81%,而两种土壤上藓结皮的膨胀率分别是-5.70%~10.88%和-10.24%~-21.46%;冻融循环下4种土壤的膨胀率均有不同程度的降低,降幅为0~18.54%。黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率受温度影响程度较大,50℃下黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率分别是25℃和35℃下的1.17倍和1.21倍。BSCs显著地改变了风沙土和黄绵土表层的膨胀性,其影响的程度和方向取决于土壤类型。同时,BSCs的膨胀性受含水量、温度、干湿以及冻融循环等关键因素影响。 相似文献
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太阳光度计反演气溶胶参数的方法比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、一次散射反射比(ω_0)、粒子谱分布和散射相函数是表征气溶胶光学微物理特征的重要参数。利用CE318太阳光度计的直接测量数据与平纬圈测量数据基于Skyrad.pack算法可以用于反演这些气溶胶参数。结合光度计标定结果以及针对观测数据的严格去云方案和质量控制措施,利用该算法对几种不同的大气混浊度状况计算了上述气溶胶参数。计算结果与基于Dubovik算法的AERONET业务产品进行了比较,发现两种方法得到的结果大部分比较一致。虽然在大气混浊度较小的情况,Skyrad反演的ω_0和谱分布中的小粒子体积浓度与Dubovik结果相比有很大差异,同时Skyrad的计算误差较大,说明在实际AOD较小时,Skyrad算法的稳定性较低,但其反演结果依然能够在一定程度上表征气溶胶的光学特征。基本分析表明,基于Skyrad.pack算法的等天顶角观测反演结果在一定的大气混浊度和合适的太阳天顶角条件下是合理的,能够用于未纳入AERONET体系的光度计观测的气溶胶光学微物理参数研究。 相似文献
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对广东共和稀土矿花岗岩风化岩风化壳剖面下不同深度的样品进行微生物培养，发现在0．2－12m深度范围的样品均有微生物存在，在0．2－3m深度范围微生物种类较多。微生物类型有细细菌（包括牙胞杆菌属、肠杆菌属、埃希氏菌属、产碱杆菌属等杆菌，奈瑟氏球菌属、葡萄球菌属等球菌以及梭状芽胞杆菌属厌氧菌）、真菌（包括曲霉属黑曲和黄曲、青霉属、毛霉属、酵母菌）和放线菌。利用风化壳中的各种微生物及其发酵产物对稀土矿样进行稀土浸出实验，并与蒸馏水和不加菌液的培养液作对比，实验结果表明：①混合微生物及其代谢产物浸矿，稀土元素的浸出量明显增加，浸泡液的pH值降低；②真菌类（毛霉属、酵母菌、曲霉属、青霉属）对稀土的浸出量最高，然后依次为发酵芽胞杆菌、葡萄球菌属、放线菌、发酵芽胞杆菌属；③细菌类对稀土的浸出作用主要与其代谢产物改变介质的pH值有关；而真菌类对稀土的浸出作用主要与其直接吸附和吸收稀土元素以及其代谢产物与稀土元素的络合作用有关；④与硫酸铵的浸出结果相比，微生物所浸出的稀土元素δCe较大、δEu值较小、（La/Sm)N和（Gd/Yb)N)的比值较低，结果与稀土元素在华南风化壳稀土矿风同间面中不同层位的变化规律一致。实验结果说明微生物及其代谢产物对风化壳中稀土元素的活化迁移和分异作用具有积极的贡献。 相似文献
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论述了玄武岩的空隙类型及其网络系统、玄武岩水文性质基本特征,分析了玄武岩地下水的富集规律和补径排条件,同时,还对玄武岩地下水资源及其开发利用,以及玄武岩地区广泛分布的饮用天然矿泉水做了简要介绍。 相似文献
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An experimental study on the effects of microbes on the migration and accumulation of REE in the weathering crust of granite 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Microbes were cultured and identified from the saples collected at various depths in 4 weathering profiles of REE-bearing granites in Gonghe,Guangdong,The microbes were found existing at the depth of 0-5m in all the profiles.The main microbes include coccus (Staphylococcus,Streptococcus),bacillus(Bacillus,Clostridium and Escherichia Coli),actinmyces and fungi(Saccharomycete,Penicillium,Fusarium,Aspergillus Aiger and Mucor),The number of colonies decreases downwards in the profiles.Experimental studies show that all the microbes used in the experiment can accelerate downward migation of REE in the experimental tubes.,The ability to accelerate the migration of REE decreases in a sequence of fungi→actinomyces→acillus→coccus.The microbes can change the modes of occurrence of REE in the weathering crust.The coccus,bacillus and actinomyces can increase the amounts of REE in ion state,whereas the fungi have a stronger ability to from organic compounding REE and accumulate REE than the bacteria do. 相似文献
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Slope seismic response monitoring on the aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake in the Mianzhu section 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Previous investigations have shown that the seismic response of slopes during the Wenchuan earthquake was highly variable.The present study tries to give an answer to the question:Which are the main factors affecting the seismic response degree of slopes? With the support of the China Geological Survey Bureau,we set 3 monitoring sections in Jiulong slope,Mianzhu city,China with the aim to record the site response of the slope during the aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake.After the Wenchuan earthquake,which happened on 12 May 2008,30 aftershocks have been recorded in these monitoring points.We analyzed 11 records,with magnitudes ranging from ML = 4.6 to ML = 3.1.The amplification factors of the horizontal compound PGA and 3D compound PGA have been determined for the 3 points at different elevations on the slope.Results showed that the dynamic response of the slope on the earthquake was controlled by factors such as topography and the thickness of the Quaternary overburden. 相似文献