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随着中国西部暖湿化进程加快,冰川流域孕灾环境快速变化,冰川灾害多发频发.因冰川流域地形极端复杂、地表覆盖变化迅速,冰川流域灾害具有链式发展的特点且物源区远程高位、地势险峻,面向普通地质滑坡和露天矿边坡的天空地协同监测技术难以直接或有效应用.本文基于冰川流域空间环境与灾害的监测内容及技术难点,分析了可用的现代测绘遥感技术及其局限性.针对监测对象、几何要素和质量要求,提出了基于天空地协同的冰川流域孕灾环境与灾害智能监测内涵,即平台协同、时间协同、参数协同和尺度协同,设计了任务驱动、知识引导的智能监测技术模式.面向3类基本监测任务,即个体冰川流域灾变过程情景模拟、冰川流域群孕灾环境差异分析与风险识别、冰川流域灾害事件应急响应,提出相应的天空地协同智能监测初步方案.最后,讨论了基于天空地协同的冰川流域孕灾环境与灾害智能监测关键问题,提出未来的工作方向. 相似文献
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中国亚热带区域覆盖范围广,面积达240万km2。区内不仅自然景观复杂,多云多雨、多山多林,生物多样性丰富、是中国稻米主产区,而且多河多湖、多矿多污,生态环境十分敏感、自然灾害多发频发,迫切需要利用遥感技术监测其自然资源、环境变化与灾害现象。虽然近年来国内外已逐渐开展亚热带遥感应用研究,但缺乏对亚热带遥感理论与方法的系统性研究,共性与科学问题尚不明晰。本文总结分析了中国亚热带遥感的3个基本特征,按遥感数据类型梳理了中国亚热带遥感的应用实践;进而归纳出中国亚热带遥感实践的4个共性问题,指出亚热带遥感核心元素的主要特点、地理对象的复杂性与遥感信息的病态性,提出中国亚热带遥感的4项重点任务;然后,分析了当今中国亚热带遥感发展的历史机遇,阐述了中国亚热带遥感的创新发展途径,包括厘清人地现象的动态特征、聚焦亚热带遥感的科学问题、攻克不同层面的关键难题、结合应用需求开展技术攻关与重点研发。论文旨在推动亚热带遥感应用的创新发展、促进亚热带遥感理论与技术体系形成,进而助力卫星及航空遥感更好地服务于中国亚热带地区的资源环境监测、区域防灾减灾、生态文明建设与“双碳”目标。 相似文献
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在多媒体、"互联网+"等信息技术蓬勃发展背景下,"互联网+教学"是教育信息化时代的主要发展方向和热点."工程测量"是一门面向非测绘专业的一门理论与实践并重的专业基础课.以本课程为例,介绍了借助中南大学教学可视化平台、MOOC网站和QQ群等互联网技术开展线上线下混合式教学的教学模式. 相似文献
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Building seismic vulnerability assessment plays an important role in formulating pre-disaster mitigation strategies for developing countries. The occurrence of high-resolution satellite sensors has greatly motivated it by providing a promising approach to obtain building information. However, this also brings a big challenge to the accurate building extraction and its coherent integration with the assessment model. The main objective of this paper is to investigate how to extract building attributes from high-resolution remote sensing imagery using the object-based image analysis (OBIA) method, so as to accurately and conveniently assess building seismic vulnerability by the combination of in situ field data. A general framework for the assessment of building seismic vulnerability is presented, including (1) the extraction of building information using OBIA, (2) building height estimation, and (3) the support vector machine (SVM)-based building seismic vulnerability assessment. Particularly, an integrated solution is proposed that merges the strengths of multiple spatial contextual relationships and some typical image object measures, under the unified framework to improve building information extraction at different scale levels as well as for different interest objects. With the aid of 35 building samples from two powerful earthquakes in China, the cloud-free WorldView-2 images and some building structure parameters from field survey were used to quantity the grades of building seismic vulnerability in Wuhan Optics Valley, China. The results show that all 48 buildings among the study area have been well detected with an overall accuracy of 80.67 % and the mean error of heights estimated from building shadow is less than 2 m. This indicates that the integrated analysis strategy based on OBIA is suitable for extracting the building information from high-resolution remote sensing imagery. Additionally, the assessment results using SVM show that the building seismic vulnerability is statistically significantly related to structure types and building heights. Both the proposed OBIA method and its integration strategy with SVM are easily implemented and provide readily interpretable assessment results for building seismic vulnerability. This reveals that the proposed method has a great potential to assist urban planners for making local disaster mitigation planning through the prioritization of intervention measures, such as the reinforcement of walls and the dismantlement of endangered houses. 相似文献
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基于传统的SVM理论,首先获取像素的形态学梯度信息,考虑周围邻域的影响,对原始的梯度进行中值滤波,然后基于滤波后的梯度进行SVM分类。分类结果表明,基于空间相关性的、梯度的SVM分类精度高于基于像素灰度值的SVM分类精度。 相似文献
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地震孕育过程伴随物质迁移、能量释放与信息交换。通过遥感手段获取地表、大气及电离层变化信息，进行地震异常分析与前兆识别，已成为遥感与地震科学交叉研究热点。本文收集整理了2008年汶川大地震以来，国内外发表的该地震潜在遥感异常研究论文；回顾了盖层、大气层、电离层的20个遥感参量异常显现的个体特征，分析了其时空关联性，揭示了总体时空特征。研究表明：（1）汶川地震遥感异常显现是逐渐增多、增强和聚拢的，地震短临前兆突出；（2）震前3个月开始，短—临遥感异常由盖层、大气层往电离层渐次显现，与岩石圈—盖层—大气层—电离层 (LCAI) 耦合范式吻合；（3）短—临遥感异常显现位置与发震断层相关性较强，主要集中于龙门山断裂带(LMSFs)及其周边区域；（4）多种短—临遥感异常区覆盖震中，且多个条带状异常区与LMSFs走向一致，体现了孕震后期LCAI耦合的局地效应。本研究有益于内陆大地震孕育后期的遥感监测分析，也可为地震预测研究提供参考。 相似文献
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"热爱祖国、忠诚事业、艰苦奋斗、无私奉献"的测绘精神,激励着一代代测绘人砥砺奋行."变形监测与数据处理"是测绘工程专业四年级开设的专业课程,大四是学生世界观、人生观、价值观形成和专业素养与专业能力培养的关键时期.本文以"变形监测与数据处理"课程教学为抓手,以"同向同行、价值引领"的课程思政为核心理念,从教学理念、教学目标、教学内容、教学方法等多个维度,围绕"知识传授与价值引领相结合"的目标,在课程教学中强调价值观的同频共振,培养学生的专业知识与技能,全方位、全过程引导学生树立正确的世界观、价值观和人生观,形成课程思政与专业教学的有机融合和有效协同,构建全方位、全过程、多环节的课程育人格局,达到提升学生的思想政治素养与专业技能的目的. 相似文献
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