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为提高集装箱“公转铁”减排潜力评估结果的准确性,在分析“公转铁”减排原理的基础上,综合考虑空箱调运和重箱运输“门到门”运输链的干线运输、端点装卸、电力设备作业、集卡短驳、公铁中转等排放,引入反映活动类型、设备结构、能源生命周期排放的参数,对作业活动-方式结构-能耗强度-排放因子（ASIF）方法进行改进,建立“公转铁”减排潜力评估框架。以义乌—宁波港域出口集装箱运输为例,通过实地调研和公开文献获取数据,进行实证研究。结果表明,如果忽略必要因素将会导致每TEU运输需求“公转铁”的CO2减排率被高估0.50~36.73个百分点;最佳“公转铁”情景可减排3.42万t CO2,相应减排率为13.58%。研究结果可为政府相关部门客观评估“公转铁”的减排潜力、制定有效的“公转铁”政策措施提供理论支持。 相似文献
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Potentilla fruticosa scrub, Kobresia humilis meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the grass exuberance period from 3 July to 4 September, based on close chamber-GC method, a study on CO2 emissions from different treatments was conducted in these meadows at Haibei research station, CAS. Results indicated that mean CO2 emission rates from various treatments were 672.09±152.37 mgm^-2h^-1 for FC (grass treatment); 425.41±191.99 mgm^-2h^-1 for FJ (grass exclusion treatment); 280.36±174.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for FL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); 838.95±237.02 mgm^-2h^-1 for GG (scrub+grass treatment); 528.48±205.67 mgm^-2h^-1 for GC (grass treatment); 268.97±99.72 mgm^-2h^-1 for GL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); and 659.20±94.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for LC (grass treatment), respectively (FC, FJ, FL, GG, GC, GL, LC were the Chinese abbreviation for various treatments). Furthermore, Kobresia humilis meadow, Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow differed greatly in average CO2 emission rate of soil-plant system, in the order of GG>FC>LC>GC. Moreover, in Kobresia hurnilis meadow,heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 42% and 58% of the total respiration of soil-plant system respectively, whereas, in Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 32% and 68% of total system respiration from GG; 49% and 51% from GC. In addition, root respiration from Kobresia humilis meadow approximated 145 mgCO2m^-2h^-1,contributed 34% to soil respiration. During the experiment period, Kobresia humilis meadow and Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow had a net carbon fixation of 111.11 gm^-2 and 243.89 gm^-2 respectively. Results also showed that soil temperature was the main factor which influenced CO2 emission from alpine meadow ecosystem, significant correlations were found between soil temperature at 5 cm depth and CO2 emission from GG, GC, FC and FJ treatments. In addition, soil moisture maybe the inhibitory factor of CO2 emission from Kobresia tibetica meadow, and more detailed analyses should be done in further research 相似文献
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南矶湿地土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量比沿水位梯度的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2013年11月,在鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区,沿水位梯度测定了岗地、天然堤、洲滩和水域7种植物群丛下的土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量,研究了土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征及其对水位梯度与植物群丛变化的响应,探讨了碳与养分比对土壤碳储量的指示作用。结果表明,0~30 cm深度土层的平均有机碳、全氮和全磷质量比分别为(16.27±4.18)mg/g、(1.28±0.24)mg/g和(0.77±0.14)mg/g;碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比的变化范围分别为4.35~30.86、3.61~52.19和0.52~4.31,其平均值分别为(12.60±5.40)、(19.73±13.28)和(1.58±0.90);随着水位梯度与群落类型的变化,土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量比发生显著变化,且土壤碳氮比和碳磷比的变化主要取决于有机碳含量,氮磷比的变化主要受控于全氮含量;岗地、天然堤、洲滩和水域0~30 cm深度土壤有机碳储量分别为4 103.57 g/m2、8 248.01 g/m2、5 143.58 g/m2和2 225.57 g/m2;随着碳氮比的增大,有机碳储量总体上呈增加趋势。 相似文献
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青海云杉叶片稳定性碳同位素组成对水分温度变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2005-07在祁连山北坡沿海拔梯度进行了青海云杉(Picea crassifolia) 叶片稳定性碳同位素组成(δ13C)的分析测定,以探讨青海云杉叶片δ13C随海拔变化特征及对水分、温度变化的响应.结果表明:不同海拔青海云杉叶片δ13C存在显著差异(F=3.94, p<0.01),δ13C平均值-24.69‰;随着水分、温度的变化,在海拔2 550～3 100 m,青海云杉叶片δ13C随海拔增加呈现降低趋势,在海拔3 100～3 350 m,δ13C值随海拔增加呈现升高趋势.青海云杉叶片δ13C与土壤水分在低海拔(2 550～3 100 m)呈显著负相关,在高海拔没有关系;与土壤温度之间则存在一种非线性关系.青海云杉叶片δ13C随海拔变化在低海拔主要受土壤水分、温度的控制,在高海拔则主要受温度的控制. 相似文献
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祁连山青海云杉林树线温度特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
树线温度对于解释树线位置及树线形成机理、预测树线对于气候变化的响应具有重要意义。通过在祁连山北坡青海云杉林郁闭林内、树线地带、高山灌丛分布带设置土壤温度自动观测仪器,初步分析了青海云杉林树线温度特征。结果表明:(1)树线处青海云杉根际土壤温度(10cm深度)生长季平均值为4.9℃,低于全球树线生长季平均土壤温度(6.7℃)。(2)生长季长度方面,青海云杉树线(104天)与亚北极(Subarctic,103天)、北方林(Boreal,106天)树线相近。(3)高山灌丛分布带在海拔上高于树线地带,但灌丛地带根际土壤生长季节均温(6.4℃),生长季长度(122天)均高于树线地带,显示了树线之上灌丛相对于乔木生活型有更佳的保持根际土壤热量的优势,从而也成为在树线之上灌丛能够很好生长,并且取代乔木的重要因素。 相似文献
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