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Based on four reanalysis datasets including CMA-RA, ERA5, ERA-Interim, and FNL, this paper proposes an improved intelligent method for shear line identification by introducing a second-order zonal-wind shear. Climatic characteristics of shear lines and related rainstorms over the Southern Yangtze River Valley (SYRV) during the summers (June-August) from 2008 to 2018 are then analyzed by using two types of unsupervised machine learning algorithm, namely the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding method (t-SNE) and the k-means clustering method. The results are as follows: (1) The reproducibility of the 850 hPa wind fields over the SYRV using China’s reanalysis product CMA-RA is superior to that of European and American products including ERA5, ERA-Interim, and FNL. (2) Theory and observations indicate that the introduction of a second-order zonal-wind shear criterion can effectively eliminate the continuous cyclonic curvature of the wind field and identify shear lines with significant discontinuities. (3) The occurrence frequency of shear lines appearing in the daytime and nighttime is almost equal, but the intensity and the accompanying rainstorm have a clear diurnal variation: they are significantly stronger during daytime than those at nighttime. (4) Half (47%) of the shear lines can cause short-duration rainstorms (≥20 mm (3h)-1 ), and shear line rainstorms account for one-sixth (16%) of the total summer short-duration rainstorms. Rainstorms caused by shear lines are significantly stronger than that caused by other synoptic forcing. (5) Under the influence of stronger water vapor transport and barotropic instability, shear lines and related rainstorms in the north and middle of the SYRV are stronger than those in the south. 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对2017年5月11日和6月5日发生在湖南的两次飑线过程(以下分别简称"5·11"飑线过程和"6·5"飑线过程)进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)两次过程均发生在低层暖平流强迫背景下,"5·11"飑线过程发生前冷平流较明显,"6·5"飑线过程发生前暖湿气流更强盛,副热带高压位置不同导致后一过程水汽条件更好;(2)"5·11"飑线过程中层更干,0℃度层高度更低,有利于出现较大范围雷暴大风和小冰雹,而"6·5"飑线过程自由对流高度(LFC)相对较低、低层湿度更大,则易产生更大强度的短时降水;(3)"5·11"飑线过程产生大范围雷暴大风的环境条件明显好于"6·5"飑线过程,但后一过程因地面倒槽发展、暖湿气流更强、低涡东移使大气对流不稳定增大等原因,更有利于形成局地致灾性大风;(4)"6·5"飑线过程中气旋少且维持时间短,以及垂直风廓线产品(VWP)、径向速度图上雷暴大风特征不够典型,其预警难度更大。 相似文献
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利用湖南建站以来至2014年97个国家气象观测站的逐日气温、降水、相对湿度等观测资料计算逐日气象干旱综合指数,运用线性倾向估计方法,统计分析湖南特大干旱的时空变化特征。结果表明:全省特旱影响范围总体扩大,年际变化呈显著上升趋势。特旱年际变化倾向率总体呈上升趋势,平均值为0.016次·a-1,其中衡邵地区上升最快,湘东北下降最快。整体下半年比上半年更易发生特旱,10月特旱频次最多。桑植、宁乡、怀化、郴州、邵东5个代表站最长干旱持续日数越多,特旱发生概率越大,特旱均发生在最长干旱持续日数20 d以上的年份,且多年连续特旱明显多于单独某一年特旱。各代表站最长干旱持续日数出现频次夏季最高,春季最少,跨季节的连旱一般跨越两个季节,夏秋连旱出现频次最高,个别年份跨越3个季节。 相似文献
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