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广东野外雷电综合观测试验十年进展 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
雷电野外科学试验是认识雷电发生、发展物理过程及其致灾机理的重要途径,也是开展真实雷电电磁环境下雷电防护技术测试的重要方式。自2006年开始,中国气象科学研究院和广东省气象局在广州野外雷电试验基地,持续合作开展了雷电野外综合观测试验,在人工触发闪电和自然闪电物理过程及其雷电防护技术测试试验等方面取得了若干研究结果。十年期间共成功触发闪电94次,回击电流峰值最大值为42 kA,平均值为16 kA;分析给出了自然闪电预击穿过程电场变化脉冲特征类型和差异;观测发现高建筑物上行连接先导可达几百米甚至超过1 km,其发展速度可达106 m/s量级,下行先导与上行连接先导的连接呈多样性;雷电防护技术测试试验表明人工触发闪电近距离电磁场耦合在架空线路上的感应电压达到千伏量级,多回击、长连续电流和地电位抬升是造成浪涌保护器(SPD)损害的主要因素;闪电定位系统探测性能的评估结果显示粤港澳闪电定位系统的闪电和回击的探测效率分别为96%和89%,定位误差算术平均值为532 m,回击电流强度的估算值约为真实值的0.63倍。 相似文献
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为了分析雷电电磁脉冲在网线上耦合感应过电压的特征,通过观测人工触发闪电和自然闪电时100m架空网线上感应过电压的方法,对其特征进行分析。试验期间共采集3次人工触发闪电和15次自然闪电条件下的数据。分析结果表明:(1)近距离触发闪电时,网线上的感应过电压峰值较大,3次触发闪电平均过电压峰值约4.7kV;(2)自然闪电引起的网线过电压峰值能达到几百伏,28次回击正负过电压平均值都为120V左右;(3)通过研究有闪电定位资料的自然闪电发现,引起的过电压变化和对应回击电流与距离的比值(I/d)的线性拟合度较好,相关系数达到0.801,但影响网线感应过电压大小的因素较多,所以并不完全是线性关系;(4)由于近距离闪电静电场、感应场和辐射场的共同作用,近距离闪电引起的网线过电压波形相对比较复杂,持续时间也相对较长。 相似文献
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This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the physical processes of artificially triggered lightning and natural lightning as well as the progress in testing lightning protection technologies, based on a series of lightning field campaigns jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau since 2006. During the decade-long series of lightning field experiments, the technology of rocket-wire artificially triggered lightning has been improved, and has successfully triggered 94 lightning flashes. Through direct lightning current waveform measurements, an average return stroke peak current of 16 kA was obtained. The phenomenon that the downward leader connects to the lateral surface of the upward leader in the attachment process was discovered, and the speed of the upward leader during the connection process being significantly greater than that of the downward leader was revealed. The characteristics of several return strokes in cloud-to-ground lighting have also been unveiled, and the mechanism causing damage to lightning protection devices (i.e., ground potential rise within the rated current) was established. The performance of three lightning monitoring systems in Guangdong Province has also been quantitatively assessed. 相似文献
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