北京气候中心气候系统模式研发进展——在气候变化研究中的应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

吴统文  宋连春  李伟平  王在志  张华  辛晓歌  张艳武  张莉  李江龙  吴方华  刘一鸣  张芳  史学丽  储敏  张洁  房永杰  汪方  路屹雄  刘向文  魏敏  刘茜霞  周文艳  董敏  赵其庚  季劲钧  Laurent Li  周明煜 《气象学报》2014,72(1):12-29

较全面地介绍了北京气候中心气候系统模式(BCC_CSM)研发所取得的一些进展及其在气候变化研究中的应用,重点介绍了全球近280 km较低分辨率的全球海-陆-气-冰-生物多圈层耦合的气候系统模式BCC_CSM1.1和110 km中等大气分辨率的BCC_CSM1.1(m),以及大气、陆面、海洋、海冰各分量模式的发展。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)气候系统模式均包含了全球碳循环和动态植被过程。当给定全球人类活动导致的碳源排放后,就可以模拟和预估人类活动对气候变化的影响。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)已应用于IPCC AR5模式比较,为中外开展气候变化机理分析和未来气候变化预估提供了大量的试验数据。还介绍了BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)参与国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)的大量试验分析评估结果,BCC_CSM能够较好地模拟20世纪气温和降水等气候平均态和季节变化特征,以及近1000年的历史气候变化,所预估的未来100年气候变化与国际上其他模式的CMIP5试验预估结果相当。初步的分析表明,分辨率相对高的BCC_CSM1.1(m)在区域气候平均态的模拟上优于分辨率较低的BCC_CSM1.1。  相似文献   

Estuarine modification of nutrient and sediment exports to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park from the Daintree and Annan River catchments     

Davies PL  Eyre BD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(1-4):174-185

Nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations were measured in the dry season and during the rising and falling stages of flood events in the Annan and Daintree rivers to estimate catchment exports. These flood events were also sampled along the salinity gradient in the estuary and nearshore shelf to quantify the modification of terrestrial sediment and nutrient loads as they pass through estuaries into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. In the Daintree River TSS concentrations were found to increase between the catchment and the estuary plume. The source of TSS may have been scour of the estuarine channel or from land use in the catchment of the lower estuary. In the dry season nitrogen enters the Annan and Daintree estuaries predominantly in the form of PON and DON in roughly equal proportions. Nitrogen exports to the GBR are mostly in the form of DON. In the wet season the majority of nitrogen enters the estuaries as DON and leaves as PON. Nitrogen removal in the estuaries and plumes appears to be biologically mediated once suspended sediment concentrations decrease to a point where phytoplankton growth is not light limited. In the dry season phosphorus enters and leaves the estuaries primarily in organic form. PIP is the dominant form of phosphorus in river water, but leaves the estuary more evenly distributed between all forms. These estuarine processes result in less nitrogen and phosphorus being delivered to the GBR lagoon than is exported from the catchment. The differences between these estuaries highlights the need for further work to explore modifications in estuaries that drain into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon.  相似文献   

一次东亚寒潮过程的等熵位涡分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵其庚 《应用气象学报》1990,1(4):392-399

本文用等熵位涡（IPV）图分析了1983年1月3—8日东亚寒潮过程的动力学特征。在寒潮酝酿阶段，IPV平流过程（特别是东北急流的作用），东北急流与其南面西偏北气流构成的东西向切变线与IPV极大值线相配合，以及西偏北气流沿等熵面的绝热上升冷却，这三者对于对流层中层横槽形成、加强和南下，以及中层冷堆和地面冷高压的加强起着重要作用。我们认为，用IPV图分析大尺度天气过程的动力学性质比较实用，是一种有很大潜力的分析和预报工具。  相似文献   

美国内华达Yucca山裂隙壁包膜同位素研究     

Mars.  BD 吴伟成 《华东地质学院学报》1993,16(2):176-178,189

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近赤道太平洋表层和斜温层海温的变化与ENSO     

赵其庚  李骥  彭淑英 《气候与环境研究》1998,3(1):57-64

用ＮＭＣ１９８２～１９９３年海洋再分析资料集,分析近赤道太平洋（１０°Ｓ～１０°Ｎ）海洋上层（０～４００ｍ）温度的季节和年际变化特征。分析揭示,上层海温的年际变化比季节变化大。在ＥＮＳＯ年或反ＥＮＳＯ年,由于斜温层深度变化大,斜温层附近的海温异常比海表还大,无论在西太平洋暖水区,还是东太平洋冷水区,斜温层附近温度距平都可达±７°℃以上,而且西太平洋暖水区的最大异常出现在赤道两侧４°～９°区域。  相似文献   

对厄尔尼诺事件和海洋环流的数值模拟研究     

赵其庚  宋永加  彭淑英 《应用气象学报》1997,(Z1)

用太平洋海洋环流模式，模拟研究热带太平洋海温和环流的年际变化特征和机制．用观测的逐月风应力强迫模式，模拟１９７１～１９９５年发生的主要厄尔尼诺事件．说明风应力异常对厄尔尼诺生成起主要作用．对海温异常峰值附近３个月海温和洋流的综合分析表明：在厄尔尼诺事件时，１６０°Ｗ以西温跃层上升，以东温跃层下降，温跃层的东西倾斜显著变小．同时沿赤道的垂直环流圈减弱，中东赤道太平洋涌升流、海表层向西的赤道洋流和次表层向东的赤道潜流都减弱且厚度减小；在反厄尔尼诺时，情况则相反．  相似文献   

Characterizing benthic substrates of Santa Monica Bay with seafloor photography and multibeam sonar imagery     

Edwards BD  Dartnell P  Chezar H 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(1-2):47-66

Seafloor photography from three cruises is combined with multibeam sonar imagery to characterize benthic substrates and associated fauna of Santa Monica Bay, California. The multibeam EM1000 imagery was collected in 1996. Two sampling cruises (in 1998 and 1999) provided photographs at 142 sites throughout the Bay; a final cruise (in 2000) collected still photographs and continuous video along nine transects on the mainland shelf from Pt. Dume to the Palos Verdes peninsula. Muddy substrates (typically low backscatter) were the predominant habitat throughout the Santa Monica Bay, from the 20 m isobath to the adjacent Santa Monica basin floor (780 m). Bioturbation was pervasive as evidenced by abundant open burrows, mounds, and faunal tracks and trails. Sandy substrates (typically intermediate to high backscatter) were restricted to the innermost mainland shelf and a narrow outer shelf band north of Santa Monica Canyon. Cobble and gravel substrates (high backscatter) were restricted to the innermost shelf south of El Segundo and limited parts of the shelf edge. Rocky substrates (high backscatter) with interspersed patches of sand and gravel occurred on the high-relief marginal plateau and along parts of the shelf break offshore of Malibu.  相似文献   

Trace metal uptake by the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis: the role of osmoregulation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Roast SD  Rainbow PS  Smith BD  Nimmo M  Jones MB 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(5):453-464

Changes in salinity affect the bioavailability and consequent uptake of trace metals by euryhaline invertebrates. In many cases, salinity-related effects on metal uptake can be explained by changes in chemical speciation but salinity may also influence uptake indirectly through its action on osmoregulatory mechanisms. Specifically, it can be hypothesised that trace metal uptake may be reduced at salinities approaching the isosmotic point of a species because, at this point, there is reduced activity of ionic exchange pumps. The present study tested this hypothesis using the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, a hyper-hypoosmoregulator with an isosmotic point around 33 per thousand. Crabs were exposed to radio-labelled cadmium and zinc at 23, 33 and 43 per thousand for 4 days. To eradicate speciation effects, crabs were exposed to the same concentration of the radio-labelled free metal ion (estimated using MineQL computer software) at each salinity. Haemolymph samples were taken daily and radio-labelled metal concentrations were estimated from radioactivity counts and used to provide relative measures of metal uptake. Neither cadmium nor zinc uptake was lowest at the isosmotic point. The uptake of cadmium increased significantly with increase in salinity, while the uptake of zinc showed no significant change with increased salinity. Thus changes in trace metal uptake rates in E. sinensis do not appear to be controlled only by changes in free metal ion concentrations. The different effects of salinity change on the uptake of cadmium and zinc (in the absence of free metal ion change) also indicate that physiological responses to osmotic change alone do not control metal uptake rates for this species.  相似文献   

Concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediment cores of Sundarban mangrove wetland, northeastern part of Bay of Bengal (India)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Binelli A  Sarkar SK  Chatterjee M  Riva C  Parolini M  Bhattacharya BD  Bhattacharya AK  Satpathy KK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1220-1229

The paper presents the first comprehensive survey of congener profiles (12 congeners) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in core sediment samples (<63 microm) covering seven sites in Sundarban mangrove wetland (India). Gas-chromatographic analyses were carried out in GC-Ms/Ms for tri- to hepta- brominated congeners. Results pointed out a non-homogenous contamination of the wetland with summation operator(12) PBDE values ranging from 0.08 to 29.03 ngg(-1), reflecting moderate to low contamination closely in conformity to other Asian aquatic environments. The general order of decreasing congener contribution to the total load was: BDE 47>99>100>154, similar to the distribution pattern worldwide. Although tetrabromodiphenyl ether BDE 47 was found in all samples followed by hexabromodiphenyl ether BDE-154, they were not necessarily the dominant congeners. No uniform temporal trend on PBDE levels was recorded probably due to particular hydrological characteristics of the wetland and/on non-homologous inputs from point sources (untreated municipal wastewater and local industries, electronic wastes from the dump sites, etc.) of these compounds. Because of the propensity of PBDEs to accumulate in various compartments of wildlife and human food webs, evaluation of biological tissues should be undertaken as a high priority.  相似文献   

Delineation of regional arid karstic aquifers: an integrative data approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wolaver BD  Sharp JM  Rodriguez JM  Flores JC 《Ground water》2008,46(3):396-413

This research integrates data procedures for the delineation of regional ground water flow systems in arid karstic basins with sparse hydrogeologic data using surface topography data, geologic mapping, permeability data, chloride concentrations of ground water and precipitation, and measured discharge data. This integrative data analysis framework can be applied to evaluate arid karstic aquifer systems globally. The accurate delineation of ground water recharge areas in developing aquifer systems with sparse hydrogeologic data is essential for their effective long-term development and management. We illustrate the use of this approach in the Cuatrociénegas Basin (CCB) of Mexico. Aquifers are characterized using geographic information systems for ground water catchment delineation, an analytical model for interbasin flow evaluation, a chloride balance approach for recharge estimation, and a water budget for mapping contributing catchments over a large region. The test study area includes the CCB of Coahuila, Mexico, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve containing more than 500 springs that support ground water-dependent ecosystems with more than 70 endemic organisms and irrigated agriculture. We define recharge areas that contribute local and regional ground water discharge to springs and the regional flow system. Results show that the regional aquifer system follows a topographic gradient that during past pluvial periods may have linked the Río Nazas and the Río Aguanaval of the Sierra Madre Occidental to the Río Grande via the CCB and other large, currently dry, upgradient lakes.  相似文献