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利用C，N稳定同位素分析法鉴别家猪与野猪的初步尝试 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用动物考古学和分子生物学的研究方法探索家猪的起源已取得丰硕的成果,但如何科学鉴别驯化初期的家猪,至目前为止一直缺乏有效的研究思路和方法．与野猪的食物主要源自自然环境相比,家猪的食物则更容易受人类饲喂活动的影响,故此,理论上,探索猪群间的食物结构差异,了解人类的饲喂活动对猪食物的影响,可望科学地辨别家猪与野猪．对山东后李文化时期（约8500～7500年前）小荆山遗址的人骨以及月庄遗址的动物骨进行了C,N稳定同位素分析,探索猪群食谱差异,并通过与先民以及其他动物的同位素数值比较,尝试科学地鉴别家猪与野猪．先民的δ^13 C（平均值-17．8‰±0．3‰和δ^15 N（平均值9．0‰±0．6‰）表明,先民虽已开始从事粟作农业,但粟作农业在人类的生活方式中尚不占主导地位（因为粟类植物是一种典型的C4植物）,先民还主要以采集、狩猎或驯养家畜为生．牛的δ^13 C值（-16．1‰）和δ^15 N值（6．9‰）,表明其食物主要以C3类植物为主,兼具少许C4类植物．与牛相比,鱼的δ^13 C值（-24．9‰）更低而和δ^15 N值（8．8‰）更高,显示出欧亚大陆淡水鱼的同位素特征．依据δ^13 C值和δ^15 N值的不同,猪可分为3组：A组,由两头猪组成,具有低的δ^13 C值（-18．1‰,-20．0‰）和δ^15 N值（4．7‰,6．0‰）;B组,仅有一头猪,具有最高的δ^13 C值（-10．6‰）和居中的δ^15 N值（6．4‰）;C组,仅有一头猪,其δ^13 C值（-19．0‰）较小而δ^15 N值（9．1‰）最高．现代或古代野猪骨的C,N稳定同位素分析研究已经表明,野猪主要以C3类植物为主,其δ^15 N值更接近于食草类动物而远离食肉类动物．通过与小荆山遗址先民、野猪及河南西坡遗址（仰韶文化,6000—5500年前）和康家遗址（龙山文化,4500～4000年前）家猪同? 相似文献
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Settlement distribution and its relationship with environmental changes from the Neolithic to Shang-Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong, China 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the settlement sites of six periods from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern Shandong was investigated using the ArcGIS program, and the relationship between settlement distribution and environmental changes was discussed, based on the proxy records of climatic and environmental change contained in the sediments from three sections at the Shuangwangcheng site and the previous work. The results show that the climate was warm and humid and the sea level was relatively high during the period of 8000-5000 a BP in the study area, and the ancient people lived in the relatively flat （slope of 〈2°） areas at high elevation （20-300 m above sea level）, such as diluvial tableland and alluvial plain. On the other hand, few archaeological sites in the low-lying plain in the west of the study area indicate that few people lived there during that period. This might be attributed to frequent flooding in the area. After 5000 years ago, the scope of human activity extended to the area close to the sea because the relatively colder and drier climate results in sea-level fall, meanwhile the low-lying plain in the west was occupied by the ancient people. The study area of this period was characterized by the rapid development of prehistoric culture, the intensified social stratification and the emergence of early city-states. However, around 4000 a BP, the abrupt change in climate and the increase in frequency and intensity of floods severely disrupted human activities, and eventually led to the decline of the Yueshi culture. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climatic conditions gradually stabilized in a mild-dry state, which promoted the redevelopment and flourish of the Bronze Culture. The previous situation, which was characteristic of sparse human settlements due to freshwater shortage and unfitted conditions for sedentary agriculture, changed during the Shang and Zhou dynasties in northern coastal wetlands.Local residents effectively adapted themselves to the tough environmental conditions by producing sea-salt, which led to the rapid growth of human activities. 相似文献
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山东北部地区聚落遗址时空分布与环境演变的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用GIS软件对山东北部地区聚落遗址时空分布特征进行分析,并结合双王城剖面沉积环境分析和前人研究成果探讨了聚落时空分布与环境演变之间的关系。结果表明:距今8000-5000 年间,在气候温暖湿润和海面相对较高的环境背景下,人类活动主要集中在海拔相对较高(20~200 m),地形较为平坦(坡度< 2°)的洪积台地和冲积平原上;西部平原地区由于地势低洼,容易积水而发生水患,因而很少有遗址分布。距今5000 年之后,气候暖湿程度降低,海平面持续下降,人类活动范围明显向海扩展;西部低洼地区在气候变干和海面降低的双重影响下,自然环境得到改善,也开始被古人广泛开发利用。这一时期区域文化繁荣发展,逐渐形成社会结构复杂、城邦林立的初期文明。然而距今4000 年左右,由于气候变化和洪患灾害加剧,史前文化开始明显衰落。商周时期气候环境趋于稳定,文化发展再次兴盛。北部滨海平原地区随着生产技术的进步,人类适应区域资源环境条件,在早期农业人群难以定居的滩涂地上形成以盐业生产为主要经济活动的聚落群。 相似文献
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