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根据Huang和Qiu 1995年的潜沉率计算公式,采用同化的海洋模式资料和海洋-大气界面的通量观测资料,计算了北太平洋副热带海域3个模态水形成区逐年的潜沉率,研究了潜沉率产生年际变化的机制.研究结果表明:西部、中部和东部3个模态水形成区潜沉率的年际变化主要周期分别为6,2~5和2 a;北太平洋副热带模态水的3个形成区的潜沉率都发现年代际的变化特征:在1985年以前,西部模态水形成区的潜沉率年际变化最为显著,但1985后年际变化振幅明显减小;在中部模态水形成区,1975~1992年间潜沉率随时间的变化的振幅较大,潜沉率在这段时间内的平均值也达到33.99 m/a,而在1970~1975年间和1993~1998年间潜沉率都小于20 m/a;西部副热带模态水形成区的潜沉率的年际变化与这里海面的净热通量的年际变化有很好的相关性,中部副热带模态水形成区潜沉率的年际变化则取决于局地Ekman流的年际变化,而在东部模态水形成区局地风应力旋度的变化直接影响潜沉率的大小. 相似文献
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微光图像对比度增强技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
低对比度是微光图像的主要特征之一,因此对比度增强处理是微光图像处理的重要方面.本文首先对常用数字图像对比度增强方法--灰度变换和直方图均衡的基本原理和实现方法进行了阐述,然后针对实际试验中获取的典型低对比度微光图像进行了对比度增强处理,并且对比分析了几种增强方法所得到的图像处理效果,最后总结了典型低对比度微光图像对比度增强方法各自的优缺点及其适用性. 相似文献
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This paper attempts to analyze in detail the remote influence of the Indian Ocean Basin warming on the Northwest Pacific （NWP） during the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Observation data and the Fast Ocean- Atmosphere coupled Model 1.5 were used to investigate the triggering conditions under which the remote influence is formed between the positive sea surface temperature （SST） anomaly in the North Indian Ocean and the Anomalous Northwest Pacific anticyclone （ANWPA）. Our research show that it is only when there is a contributory background wind field over the Indian Ocean, i,e., when the Indian Summer Monsoon （ISM） reaches its peak, that the warmer SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean incites significant easterly wind anomalies in the lower atmosphere of the Indo-West tropical Pacific. This then produces the remote influence on the ANWPA. Therefore, the SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean might interfere with the prediction of the East Asia Summer Monsoon in the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Both the sustaining effect of local negative SST anomalies in the NWP, and the remote effect of positive SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean on the ANWPA, should be considered in further research. 相似文献
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为研究桩-土-断层耦合作用下桩基动力响应特性，利用振动台试验选取0.35g地震动峰值加速度时4种类型地震波，研究断层上下盘桩基加速度响应、桩顶相对位移、弯矩及桩基损伤情况。试验表明：断层上盘桩基各项参数明显大于断层下盘，呈现出上盘效应；桩顶峰值加速度大于桩底峰值加速度，上部土层对输入地震波具有滤波作用；桩顶加速度响应相较于桩底具有滞后性；桩顶峰值加速度与桩顶加速度放大系数α在输入El-Centro波时最大；上、下盘α 差值在输入Kobe波时最大；弯矩和桩顶相对位移峰值在输入Kobe波时最大；弯矩在土层分界面处较大，输入不同地震波时弯矩峰值均未超过桩身抗弯能力；提出了强震区近断层桩基可根据验算内容选取合理地震波进行验算的抗震设计建议。 相似文献
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The climatology subduction rate for the entire Pacific is known, but the mechanism of interannual to decadal variation remains unclear. In this study, we calculated the annual subduction rates of three types of North Pacific subtropical mode waters using a general circulation model (LICOM1.0) for the period of 1958-2001. The model experiments focused on interannual variations of ocean dynamical processes under daily wind forcings and seasonal heat fluxes. The mode water formation region was defined by a potential vorticity minimum at outcrop locations. The model results show that two subduction rate maxima (>100 m/a) were located in the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) and the Central Mode Water (CMW) formation regions. These regions are consistent with a climatologically calculated value. The subduction rate in the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) formation region was smaller at about 75 m/a. The subduction rate shows clear interannual and decadal variations associated with oceanic dynamic variabilities. The average subduction rate of the STMW was much smaller during the period of 1981-1990 compared with other periods, while that of the CMW had a negative anomaly before 1975 and a positive anomaly after 1978. The variability agreed with Ekman and geostrophic advections and mixed layer depths. The interannual variability of the subduction rate for the ESTMW was smallest during 1970-1990, as a result of a weak wind stress curl. This paper explores how interannual signals from the atmosphere are stored in different parts of the ocean, and thus may contribute to a better understanding of feedback mechanisms for the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) event. 相似文献
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已有的大量研究给出了印度洋增暖的气候效应,特别是对于西北太平洋反气旋异常的影响.本文利用观测数据和耦合数值模式进一步分析了厄尔尼诺衰亡年印度洋增暖的气候效应,研究了印度洋海温异常与西北太平洋反气旋异常之间的遥强迫形成条件,提出印度洋背景风场的季节性转换对印度洋增暖效应的关键作用.结果表明,只有在有利的背景风场下,即南亚夏季季风完全爆发时,才更有利于印度洋增暖效应的充分体现.可能是由于Kelvin波-Ekman辐散机制,在北印度洋异常增暖所导致的大气热源异常的东侧低层大气中产生了明显的东风异常,这一东风异常对西北太平洋产生遥强迫,使西北太平洋的反气旋异常加强并维持到厄尔尼诺衰亡年夏季.这对于东亚夏季季风的年变率机制研究及预测有着重要意义. 相似文献
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Using the CAM3.0 model, we investigated the respective effects of aerosol concentration increasing and decadal variation of global sea surface temperature(SST) around year 1976/77 on the East Asian precipitation in boreal summer. By doubling the concentration of the sulfate aerosol and black carbon aerosol separately and synchronously in East Asia(100-150 °E, 20-50 °N), the climate effects of these aerosols are specifically investigated. The results show that both the decadal SST changing and aerosol concentration increasing could lead to rainfall decreasing in the center of East Asia, but increasing in the regions along southeast coast areas of China. However, the different patterns of rainfall over ocean and lower wind field over Asian continent between aerosol experiments and SST experiments in CAM3.0 indicate the presence of different mechanisms. In the increased aerosol concentration experiments, scattering effect is the main climate effect for both sulfate and black carbon aerosols in the Eastern Asian summer. Especially in the increased sulfate aerosol concentration experiment, the climate scattering effect of aerosol leads to the most significant temperature decreasing, sinking convection anomalies and decreased rainfall in the troposphere over the central part of East Asia. However, in an increased black carbon aerosol concentration experiment, weakened sinking convection anomalies exist at the southerly position. This weakened sinking and its compensating rising convection anomalies in the south lead to the heavy rainfall over southeast coast areas of China. When concentrations of both sulfate and black carbon aerosols increase synchronously, the anomalous rainfall distribution is somewhat like that in the increased black carbon concentration aerosol experiment but with less intensity. 相似文献
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在位于澳大利亚的东海岸29°S附近的“Tasman”海洋锋面延伸区，从WOCE的PR11断面的观测中发现南太平洋副热带模态水的存在。在深度1500～2500Pa，南太平洋副热带模态水的温度范围为16．5℃～19．5℃，且温度梯度〈1．6℃／100m；密度范围为25．4～26．0kg·m^3，且位势涡度的梯度〈2×10^10^-1·s^-1。和北太平洋及北大西洋中的副热带模态水的形成过程一样，南太平洋副热带模态水由于南半球冬天失热引起的强烈的深混合而形成，与此同时，如浮标资料所示，深层的冷水会卷加进入混合层中。冬天南太平洋副热带模态水的形成过程中，局地的海洋涡旋起到了重要的作用。并且影响南太平洋副热带模态水第二年的分布型。在南太平洋模态水形成区，冬天深（浅）的混合层伴随着下降（上升）的温跃层与局地的反气旋（气旋）式得海洋涡旋有直接的关系。在反气旋存在的海域往往可以发现生成的副热带模态水的厚度〉50m且主温跃层的深度也要超过4500Pa。 相似文献