辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征     

豆世勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1752-1765

研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究，探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境，并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素，获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma，表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征，富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb），亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素，稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型，具有明显的负Eu异常；显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A₁亚型）花岗岩，形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境，其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前，属于挤压造山环境，表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。  相似文献   

A fine-granularity scheduling algorithm for parallel XDraw viewshed analysis     

Wanfeng Dou  Yanan Li  Yanli Wang 《Earth Science Informatics》2018,11(3):433-447

Viewshed analysis is widely used in many terrain applications such as siting problem, path planning problem, and etc. But viewshed computation is very time-consuming, in particular for applications with large-scale terrain data. Parallel computing as a mainstream technique with the tremendous potential has been introduced to enhance the computation performance of viewshed analysis. This paper presents a revised parallel viewshed computation approach based on the existing serial XDraw algorithm in a distributed parallel computing environment. A layered data-dependent model for processing data dependency in the XDraw algorithm is built to explore scheduling strategy so that a fine-granularity scheduling strategy on the process-level and thread-level parallel computing model can be accepted to improve the efficiency of the viewshed computation. And a parallel computing algorithm, XDraw-L, is designed and implemented taken into account this scheduling strategy. The experimental results demonstrate a distinct improvement of computation performance of the XDraw-L algorithm in this paper compared with the coarse-partition algorithm, like XDraw-E which is presented by Song et al. (Earth Sci Inf 10(5):511–523, 2016), and XDraw-B that is the basic algorithm of serial XDraw. Our fine-granularity scheduling algorithm can greatly improve the scheduling performance of the grid cells between the layers within a triangle region.  相似文献   

甘肃白银厂铜多金属矿田地球化学场特征及信息提取     

窦小雨 《地质与勘探》2022,58(6):1139-1153

甘肃白银厂铜多金属硫化物矿田位于北祁连造山带东段,近年来面临严重的资源枯竭危险。通过对区内的构造地球化学测量数据进行多元统计、指数累加等方法的分析,进一步探讨了矿田内地球化学场分布特征,提取更多的找矿预测地球化学信息;研究发现矿田内主要的成矿元素分布受岩性及构造的双重控制,具有明显的北西向成带、北东向成串的特征,矿田中部和外围具有不同的地球化学异常场特征。构造地球化学测量的主要指示元素为 Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、K、W等。根据地球化学场分布特征分析认为拉牌沟地区赋矿酸性火山岩向北侧伏,其深部具有一定的找矿前景。基于特征因子得分推断出矿田内具有北东向、北北东向、北东东向、北西向4组规模较大的断裂构造21条,最晚期形成的北西向次级断裂F15-F21是主要的控矿构造。已知的古火山喷口位于W-Au-Mn-Fe-Ti-V-Ba-K-S因子得分小于-0.7的负异常中心内,据此厘定出11个中心喷发口和5个火山喷发中心,已知的矿床位于火山喷发中心内或各火山中心喷发口的结合部。本研究为该矿田开展找矿预测工作提供了有利的地球化学找矿信息。  相似文献   

Melut盆地富含CO₂油气藏的成因及期次          下载免费PDF全文

李威  窦立荣  文志刚  张光亚  程顶胜 《地球科学》2022,47(4):1459-1469

Palogue油田的发现打开了Melut盆地古近系勘探新方向,证实了北部凹陷为富油气凹陷.Palogue油田具有以下白垩统为主力烃源岩,古近系为主力成藏组合的跨时代运聚风格,幔源CO₂气体对油气的聚集和改造具有不可忽略的作用.通过对CO₂气体、原油特征、生标特征、包裹体特征进行研究,结合地层埋藏史,分析油气特征及成藏期次.结果表明:Palogue油田具有两期成藏的特征,古近纪中期发生第1期油气成藏事件,随后原油被降解;古近纪晚期-新近纪以来,伴随幔源CO₂气体油气发生第2次运移充注事件,且CO₂气体对油藏进行了强烈的气洗作用.   相似文献   

昌宁—孟连结合带北端癞痢头山岩体地球化学特征及其对成岩成矿作用的启示     

徐恒  豆松  姜永果  刘文佳  李晓峰  齐武福  张金学 《矿物岩石》2021,41(3):16-28

位于昌宁—孟连结合带北端的癞痢头山岩体,主要由中粗晶花岗闪长岩(MGG)和细晶花岗闪长岩(FG)组成,形成于中三叠世(232 Ma).MGG和FG岩相学特征相似,无明显空间分带关系,呈过渡渐变关系.它们具高硅(w(SiO2) =66.2％～68.2％,平均67.0％),富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.04～2.59,平均1.64),贫碱(w(Na2O+K2O)=5.45％～7.31％,平均5.99％)、低钠(w(Na2O)=1.54％～3.58％,平均2.38％),高镁值(Mg#=47.3～58.7,平均51.5)和过铝质(A/CNK=1.41～2.17,平均1.65)特征,属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列.二者轻、重稀土元素含量比值介于6.91～12.1,表现为轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素相对亏损.岩石富集w(Rb) (54.7～176×10-6),w(U)(1.10～4.77×10-6),w(Th) (9.33～35.30×10-6)等大离子亲石元素,亏损w(Ta) (1.22～1.51×10-6),w(Nb)(14.9～18.5×10-6),w(Zr)(78.4～171.0×10-6)等高场强元素,以及δEu(0.35～0.57)和"TNT"负异常特征,表明初始岩浆以陆壳成分为主并有幔源组分的加入.癞痢头山岩体样品具有较高的A/CNK值(1.41～2.17)和刚玉分子含量(1.87％～8.67％),以及Nb/Ta比值(11.03～13.76)和Zr/Hf比值(23.13～47.85)分别与平均地壳和壳源岩石相应比值一致,显S型花岗岩特征.综合分析,认为癞痢头山岩体属于S型花岗岩,起源于古老地壳物质(贫黏土的古老杂砂岩)部分熔融岩浆和底侵作用带入的幔源岩浆的混合岩浆,是保山—思茅地块陆陆后碰撞阶段力学性质由挤压向伸展转化动力学背景下的产物,具备成矿作用发生的物质基础,有一定的找矿潜力.  相似文献   

乍得Doseo盆地烃源岩评价与油源分析     

程顶胜  窦立荣  王景春  张新顺  胡杰  史艳丽 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3413-3425

中非裂谷系Doseo盆地是中石油海外重点勘探区块之一,目前油气勘探程度极低.本文基于Ximenia-1井和Kapok-1井131件岩屑和8件原油样品的系统有机地球化学分析,明确了研究区烃源岩生烃潜力和油气来源.由于受中非构造剪切带活动的影响,在Doseo盆地下白垩统Doba组、Kedeni组和Mangara组发育了半深湖—深湖相的优质烃源岩,其累计厚度可达500 m,烃源岩有机质丰度高(TOC＞3％),有机质类型好(Ⅱ1～Ⅰ型),但有机质成熟度整体偏低(钻遇烃源岩R.介于0.4％～0.8％之间),仅局部达到生排烃高峰阶段.分子标志化合物对比分析表明:原油成熟度普遍高于钻遇烃源岩成熟度,现有油气发现主要源自凹陷中Kedeni组下部或Mangara组上部成熟优质烃源岩,Doba组烃源岩未成熟,油气贡献有限.该研究成果有助于指导下一步油气勘探,助推油气规模储量发现.  相似文献   

Identifying urban–rural differences in social vulnerability to natural hazards: a case study of China     

Ge  Yi  Dou  Wen  Wang  Xiaotao  Chen  Yi  Zhang  Ziyuan 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(3):2629-2651

Identifying and analyzing the urban–rural differences of social vulnerability to natural hazards is imperative to ensure that urbanization develops in a way that lessens the impacts of disasters and generate building resilient livelihoods in China. Using data from the 2000 and 2010 population censuses, this study conducted an assessment of the social vulnerability index (SVI) by applying the projection pursuit cluster model. The temporal and spatial changes of social vulnerability in urban and rural areas were then examined during China’s rapid urbanization period. An index of urban–rural differences in social vulnerability (SVI_D) was derived, and the global and local Moran’s I of the SVI_D were calculated to assess the spatial variation and association between the urban and rural SVI. In order to fully determine the impacts of urbanization in relation to social vulnerability, a spatial autoregressive model and Bivariate Moran’s I between urbanization and SVI were both calculated. The urban and rural SVI both displayed a steadily decreasing trend from 2000 to 2010, although the urban SVI was always larger than the rural SVI in the same year. In 17.5% of the prefectures, the rural SVI was larger than the urban SVI in 2000, but was smaller than the urban SVI in 2010. About 12.6% of the urban areas in the prefectures became less vulnerable than rural areas over the study period, while in more than 51.73% of the prefectures the urban–rural SVI gap decreased over the same period. The SVI_D values in all prefectures had a significantly positive spatial autocorrelation and spatial clusters were apparent. Over time, social vulnerability to natural hazards at the prefecture-level displayed a gathering–scattering pattern across China. Though a regional variation of social vulnerability developed during China’s rapid urbanization, the overall trend was for a steady reduction in social vulnerability in both urban and rural areas.

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New graphical methods for estimating aquifer hydraulic parameters using pumping tests with exponentially decreasing rates     

Chao Zhuang  Zhifang Zhou  Hongbin Zhan  Jinguo Wang  Yabing Li  Zhi Dou 《水文研究》2019,33(17):2314-2322

Actual pumping tests may involve continuously decreasing rates over a certain period of time, and the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S_s) of the tested confined aquifer cannot be interpreted from the classical constant‐rate test model. In this study, we revisit the aquifer drawdown characteristics of a pumping test with an exponentially decreasing rate using the dimensionless analytical solution for such a variable‐rate model. The drawdown may decrease with time for a short period of time at intermediate pumping times for such pumping tests. A larger ratio of initial to final pumping rate and a smaller radial distance of the observation well will enhance the decreasing feature. A larger decay constant results in an earlier decrease, but it weakens the extent of such a decrease. Based on the proposed dimensionless transformation, we have proposed two graphical methods for estimating K and S_s of the tested aquifer. The first is a new type curve method that does not employ the well function as commonly done in standard type curve analysis. Another is a new analytic method that takes advantage of the decreasing features of aquifer drawdown during the intermediate pumping stage. We have demonstrated the applicability and robustness of the two new graphical methods for aquifer characterization through a synthetic pumping test.  相似文献   

利用模拟退火法反演大陆地震位置     

窦立婷  成诚  李云  胡代明 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,39(1):31-35

为了精确得到大陆地震震源位置，利用模拟退火法对大陆地震参数进行反演，并对改变算法中相关参数后的反演结果进行分析，表明反演精度受降温速度和收敛阈值的影响较大，初始温度只影响迭代次数，模拟退火法在对模型参数进行全局搜索情况下能获得质量较好的最优解。  相似文献   

Variability in the vertical hyporheic water exchange affected by hydraulic conductivity and river morphology at a natural confluent meander bend          下载免费PDF全文

Jinxi Song  Guotao Zhang  Weize Wang  Qi Liu  Weiwei Jiang  Weiqiang Guo  Bin Tang  Haifeng Bai  Xinyi Dou 《水文研究》2017,31(19):3407-3420

River confluences and their associated tributaries are key morphodynamic nodes that play important roles in controlling hydraulic geometry and hyporheic water exchange in fluvial networks. However, the existing knowledge regarding hyporheic water exchange associated with river confluence morphology is relatively scarce. On January 14 and 15, 2016, the general hydraulic and morphological characteristics of the confluent meander bend (CMB) between the Juehe River and the Haohe River in the southern region of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China, were investigated. The patterns and magnitudes of vertical hyporheic water exchange (VHWE) were estimated based on a one‐dimensional heat steady‐state model, whereas the sediment vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) was calculated via in situ permeameter tests. The results demonstrated that 6 hydrodynamic zones and their extensions were observed at the CMB during the test period. These zones were likely controlled by the obtuse junction angle and low momentum flux ratio, influencing the sediment grain size distribution of the CMB. The VHWE patterns at the test site during the test period mostly showed upwelling flow dominated by regional groundwater discharging into the river. The occurrence of longitudinal downwelling and upwelling patterns along the meander bend at the CMB was likely subjected to the comprehensive influences of the local sinuosity of the meander bend and regional groundwater discharge and finally formed regional and local flow paths. Additionally, in dominated upwelling areas, the change in VHWE magnitudes was nearly consistent with that in K_v values, and higher values of both variables generally occurred in erosional zones near the thalweg paths of the CMB, which were mostly made up of sand and gravel. This was potentially caused by the erosional and depositional processes subjected to confluence morphology. Furthermore, lower K_v values observed in downwelling areas at the CMB were attributed to sediment clogging caused by local downwelling flow. The confluence morphology and sediment K_v are thus likely the driving factors that cause local variations in the VHWE of fluvial systems.  相似文献