Iron oxidation state in the Fe‐rich layer and silica matrix of Libyan Desert Glass: A high‐resolution XANES study     

Gabriele Giuli  Eleonora Paris  Giovanni Pratesi  Christian Koeberl  Curzio Cipriani 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2003,38(8):1181-1186

Abstract— Libyan Desert Glass (LDG) is an enigmatic type of glass that occurs in western Egypt in the Libyan Desert. Fairly convincing evidence exists to show that it formed by impact, although the source crater is currently unknown. Some rare samples present dark‐colored streaks with variable amounts of Fe, and they are supposed to contain a meteoritic component. We have studied the iron local environment in an LDG sample by means of Fe K‐edge highresolution X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to obtain quantitative data on the Fe oxidation state and coordination number in both the Fe‐poor matrix and Fe‐rich layers. The pre‐edge peak of the high‐resolution XANES spectra of the sample studied displays small but reproducible variations between Fe‐poor matrix and Fe‐rich layers, which is indicative of significant changes in the Fe oxidation state and coordination number. Comparison with previously obtained data for a very low‐Fe sample shows that, while iron is virtually all trivalent and in tetrahedral coordination (^[4]Fe³⁺) in the low‐Fe sample, the sample containing the Fe‐rich layers display a mixture of tetra‐coordinated trivalent iron (^[4]Fe³⁺) and penta‐coordinated divalent iron (^[5]Fe²⁺), with the Fe in the Fe‐rich layer being more reduced than the matrix. From these data, we conclude the following: a) the significant differences in the Fe oxidation state between LDG and tektites, together with the wide intra‐sample variations in the Fe‐oxidation state, confirm that LDG is an impact glass and not a tektite‐like glass; b) the higher Fe content, coupled with the more reduced state of the Fe, in the Fe‐rich layers suggests that some or most of the Fe in these layers may be directly derived from the meteoritic projectile and that it is not of terrestrial origin.  相似文献   

Environmental hydrogeology of the southern sector of the Samborombon Bay wetland,Argentina     

Eleonora Carol  Eduardo Kruse  Jorge Pousa 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(1):95-102

The Samborombon Bay wetland is located on the west margin of the Rio de la Plata estuary, in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This paper analyses the geological, geomorphologic, soil and vegetation characteristics of the southernmost sector of this wetland and their influence on surface water and groundwater. The study area presents three hydrologic units: coastal dunes, sand sheets and coastal plain. Coastal dunes and sand sheets are recharge zones of high permeability with well-drained, non-saline soils, and a few surface water flows. Changes in the water table are related to rainfall. Groundwater in coastal dunes is Ca–Mg–HCO₃ to Na–HCO₃, and of low salinity (590 mg/l). Groundwater in sand sheets is mainly Na–HCO₃ with a salinity of about 1,020 mg/l. The coastal plain exhibits medium to low permeability sediments, with submerged saline soils poorly drained. Groundwater is Na–Cl with a mean salinity of 16,502 mg/l. A surface hydrological network develops in the coastal plain. Surface water levels near the shoreline are affected by tidal fluctuations; far from the shoreline water accumulates because of poor drainage. Both sectors have Na–Cl water, but the former is more saline. Human intervention and sea level rise may affect the wetland severely.  相似文献   

The local structure of Ca-Na pyroxenes. I. XANES study at the Na K-edge     

Annibale Mottana  Takatoshi Murata  Ziyu Wu  Augusto Marcelli  Eleonora Paris 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1997,24(7):500-509

 X-ray absorption Na K-edge spectra have been recorded on synthetic endmember jadeite and on a series of natural Ca-Na pyroxenes compositionally straddling the Jd-Di join. The C2/c members of the series are systematically different from the P2/n members. Differences can be interpreted and explained by comparing the experimental spectra with theoretical spectra. These have been calculated by the multiple-scattering formalism from the atomic positional parameters determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure refinement on the same samples. In the full multiple scattering region of the spectra (1075 to 1090 eV) C-pyroxenes exhibit three features which reflect the 6-2 configuration of the O back-scattering atoms around the Na absorber located at the center of the cluster (site M2 of the jadeite structure). P-pyroxenes show more complicated spectra in which at least four (possibly five) features can be recognized; they reflect the two types of configuration (6-2 and 4-2-2) of O around Na in the two independent M2 and M21 eight-fold coordinated sites of the omphacite structure. A weak, sometimes poorly resolved peak at 1079 eV is diagnostic and discriminates C- from P-pyroxenes. The Garnet Ridge C2/c impure jadeite exhibits a spectrum which is intermediate between those of jadeite and omphacite. The Hedin-Lundqvist potential proves best for these insulating materials and allows multiple-scattering calculations agreeing well with experiments. Received: July 11, 1996/Revised, accepted: October 21, 1996  相似文献   

Iron site geometry in orthopyroxene: Multiple scattering calculations and XANES study     

Eleonora Paris  Trevor A. Tyson 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1994,21(5):299-308

The iron site geometry in orthopyroxenes (OPX) and synthetic FeO, has been investigated by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Multiple scattering calculations have been used to determine how the iron polyhedral geometry affects the absorption spectra. The results reported here demonstrate that this approach is effective in determining the site geometry around the absorbing atom, allowing the assignment of features in the XANES spectrum to specific structural aspects of the coordination environment. In the case of the orthopyroxenes this method allows discrimination between the multiple scattering contributions to the absorption spectrum due to the two octahedral sites M1 and M2 of the OPX structure. The results obtained with the MS calculation were used to evaluate the effects of polyhedral distortion, symmetry changes and iron site occupancies on the experimental spectra. The results indicate a more quantitative way to interpret XANES experimental spectra and give insights into the interpretation of site geometries of more complex or unknown structures and amorphous materials.  相似文献   

Granulite-amphibolite facies metasediments from the Serre (Calabria,Southern Italy): their protoliths and the processes controlling their chemistry     

Eleonora Maccarrone  Antonio Paglionico  Giuseppe Piccarreta  Allesandro Rottura 《Lithos》1983,16(2):95-111

In the northwestern Serre, a near continuous section through the Palaeozoic lower continental crust crops out. This paper deals with granulite facies metasedimentary rocks of this section. Fifty-five chemical analyses (major elements, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb and Ba) are given. Chemical data indicate that the original sedimentary sequence was made up of arenites in the lower part and mainly Fe and Mg rich pelites in the upper part. The metapelites experienced anatexis and removal of some melt, whereas the meta-arenites suffered only incipient anatexis and became dehydration granulites. The various rock types display an overall relatively low K/Rb ratio due mainly to the stability of K- and Rb-retaining phases. A weighted mean composition of the fragment of the lower continental crust outcropping in the Serre has been established by integrating the chemical data for metasediments (55 analyses), metabasites (92 analyses) and dioritic and tonalitic gneisses (10 analyses) with the field data. This composition compared to the compositions of the bulk continental crust and of other sections considered as belonging to the lower crust, confirms the hypothesis that (1) the lower crust is heterogeneous, and (2) it is more basic than the continental crust.  相似文献   

Consequences of a freshwater canal discharge on the benthic community and its habitat on an exposed sandy beach     

Lercari D  Defeo O  Celentano E 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1397-1404

This paper analyses the spatial and temporal effects of a freshwater discharge (Canal Andreoni) on the macroinfauna community and its habitat in a sandy beach of Uruguay. Bimonthly, we examined 17 environmental variables plus macroinfauna abundance, biomass, richness, evenness and diversity of three sites: Andreoni, at the canal mouth, Coronilla, at 1 km, and Barra, at 13 km from the mouth. Both univariate and multivariate techniques showed an increasing degree of perturbation towards the canal. This was reflected by abiotic and biotic differences between sites and by a consistent two-dimensional ordination of the samples. A clear seasonal pattern was found, specially accentuated at Coronilla, where the effects of the canal were stronger in winter and weaker in summer. Multivariate linking between macroinfauna and its habitat highlighted the role of salinity as explanatory variable of the observed trends.  相似文献   

Re-Os geochronology of Cu and W-Mo deposits in the Balkhash metallogenic belt,Kazakhstan and its geological significance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xuanhua Chen  Wenjun Qu  Shuqin Han  Seitmuratova Eleonora  Nong Yang  Zhengle Chen  Fagang Zeng  Andao Du  Zhihong Wang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2010,1(1)

<正>The Central Asian metallogenic domain(CAMD) is a multi-core metallogenic system controlled by boundary strike-slip fault systems.The Balkhash metallogenic belt in Kazakhstan,in which occur many large and super-large porphyritic Cu—Mo deposits and some quartz vein- and greisen-type W—Mo deposits,is a well-known porphyritic Cu—Mo metallogenic belt in the CAMD.In this paper 11 molybdenite samples from the western segment of the Balkhash metallogenic belt are selected for Re—Os compositional analyses and Re—Os isotopic dating.Molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu deposit and the three quartz vein-greisen W—Mo deposits—East Kounrad.Akshatau and Zhanet—all have relatively high Re contents(2712—2772μg/g for Borly and 2.267—31.50μg/g for the other three W—Mo deposits),and lower common Os contents(0.670—2.696 ng/g for Borly and 0.0051—0.056 ng/g for the other three).The molybdenites from the Borly porphyry Cu—Mo deposit and the East Kounrad,Zhanet,and Akshatau quartz vein- and greisen-type W—Mo deposits give average model Re—Os ages of 315.9 Ma,298.0 Ma,295.0 Ma,and 289.3 Ma respectively.Meanwhile,molybdenites from the East Kounrad,Zhanet,and Akshatau W—Mo deposits give a Re—Os isochron age of 297.9 Ma,with an MSWD value of 0.97.Re-Os dating of the molybdenites indicates that Cu—W—Mo metallogenesis in the western Balkhash metallogenic belt occurred during Late Carboniferous to Early Permian(315.9—289.3 Ma),while the porphyry Cu—Mo deposits formed at—316 Ma,and the quartz vein-greisen W—Mo deposits formed at ~298 Ma.The Re—Os model and isochron ages thus suggest that Late Carboniferous porphyry granitoid and pegmatite magmatism took place during the late Hercynian movement.Compared to the Junggar-East Tianshan porphyry Cu metallogenic belt in northwestern China,the formation of the Cu—Mo metallogenesis in the Balkhash metallogenic belt occurred between that of the Tuwu-Yandong in East Tianshan and the Baogutu porphyry Cu deposits in West Junggar. Collectively,the large-scale Late Carboniferous porphyry Cu—Mo metallogenesis in the Central Asian metallogenic domain is related to Hercynian tectono-magmatic activities.  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田代表性矿区矽卡岩矿物的组成及其意义研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

安芳  王居里  朱永峰  Eleonora Seitmuratova 《矿床地质》2014,33(3):521-540

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田产于晚石炭世闪长玢岩、石英闪长玢岩或花岗闪长玢岩与中石炭统灰岩的接触带上,铜矿体呈透镜状、脉状产于矽卡岩中。其成矿期可以划分为4个阶段：石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅰ）、绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅱ）、磁铁矿阶段（Ⅲ）和石英-硫化物阶段（Ⅳ）。铜矿化主要发生在石英-硫化物阶段,形成石英、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿,呈浸染状或脉状产于不同类型的矽卡岩或块状磁铁矿中。矽卡岩中的石榴子石有3种类型：石榴子石矽卡岩中的钙铁榴石（Grt-a）、交代钙铁榴石的含Al钙铁榴石（Grt-b）和绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中具有环带结构的石榴子石（Grt-c）。从第一类到第三类石榴子石,平均w（Al₂O₃）从<1%逐渐升高至~5%;分子式中平均Fe³⁺原子数从2.15逐渐降低至1.57,显示成矿体系中Al的摩尔浓度逐渐升高、氧逸度逐渐降低。绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中发育少量辉石,属于钙铁辉石-透辉石系列,在辉石分类图中落于普通辉石范围内。矽卡岩的地质特征、矿物组合和矿物化学特征表明,萨亚克矽卡岩是与花岗岩类侵入岩有关的岩浆热液与灰岩通过接触交代反应形成的钙质矽卡岩,随着矽卡岩化和成矿作用的进行,成矿体系的温度和氧逸度逐渐降低、pH值升高,导致磁铁矿和黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿矿物组合依次发生沉淀。  相似文献   

Groundwater travel time in the freshwater lenses of Samborombón Bay,Argentina     

Eleonora Carol  Alejandro Roig 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):754-762

Abstract

The Samborombón Bay area (Argentina) is a coastal plain environment that contains groundwater resources with high salinity. In addition, there are local freshwater lenses associated with shell ridges and sand sheets in the region. In this work, the groundwater travel time in these freshwater lenses is estimated based on their geological conditions, which include hydraulic conductivity, recharge, morphology and discharge to surface freshwater or to saline groundwater. Groundwater travel times in the freshwater lenses were calculated from the equations developed by Chesnaux and Allen. The travel times estimated for the different scenarios were relatively short. The results indicate that the groundwater flow tends to be strongly dependent on the recharge conditions, with an excess of water in the water balance. The results can be applied to help design sustainable management methods to exploit this water resource system and also to assess the impact of contaminant plumes on this groundwater resource.

Citation Carol, E., Kruse, E. & Roig, A. (2010) Groundwater travel time in the freshwater lenses of Samborombón Bay, Argentina. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 754–762.  相似文献   

中亚萨亚克矿田成矿岩体矿物学和地球化学:岩浆性质与成矿意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

安芳  王居里  朱永峰  王建其  魏少妮  赖绍聪  SEITMURATOVA Eleonora 《岩石学报》2015,31(2):555-570

萨亚克大型铜矿田位于哈萨克斯坦北巴尔喀什斑岩成矿带中部,以矽卡岩型矿床为主。通过对矿区石英闪长岩的矿物化学和地球化学研究,发现石英闪长岩呈斑状结构,斑晶为斜长石和角闪石,其中的斜长石斑晶主要为中长石,角闪石斑晶为镁质普通角闪石;岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta和重稀土元素,高Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,与埃达克岩相似。地球化学特征指示萨亚克矿区侵入岩形成于岛弧环境,为矽卡岩-斑岩型成矿提供了有利的构造背景,岩石可能是岛弧玄武质岩浆在高压下经结晶分异而成。根据角闪石温压计及其成分与氧逸度和岩浆中水含量之间的关系,确定萨亚克石英闪长玢岩中角闪石斑晶结晶时岩浆的温度为799~843℃、处于3.6~9.6km深度范围内(P=1.2~3.2kbar)、氧逸度logfO2=-11.5~-12.0(ΔFMQ=2.0~2.8)、平均水含量为1.2%,相对较高的氧逸度和水含量有利于形成富含挥发分和Cu、Au等成矿物质的岩浆,是最终演化形成大型岩浆-热液型铜矿田(斑岩型、矽卡岩型)的有利条件。  相似文献