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1.
Experiments withLaminaria japonica were conducted in Meidao Bay and Pier Bay, Qingdao, China, Nitrogen-starved plants were fertilized intermittently with 7.1
mM NH4−N solution for 1 hour at 3 day intervals, after which chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, chlorophyll c and β-carotene contents were
analyzed. Photosynthetic and growth rates of plants and nitrogen content of seawater were determined. their contents of chlorophyll
a, fucoxanthin, chlorophyll c and β-carotene were 1.65, 0.67, 0.33 and 0.06 mg.dm−2 respectively, or 2.46, 2.03, 1.86 and 1.81 times those of the controls. The ratio of fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a in nitrogen-enriched
plants was lower than that of the controls. Normal growth rate of the plants (2 cm·day−1 in length) were reached when the chlorophyll a content exceeded 0.1 mg·g−1 fresh wt., indicating that chlorophyll a content can serve as an indicator of normal growth.
Experimental results show that seawater is regarded as fertile for the normal growth ofLaminaria if the total inorganic nitrogen (including ammonium salt, nitrate and nitrite) content in seawater is about 2 μm, and infertile
if less than 1 μm, in which case fertilizer should be applied.
Contribution No. 1703 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica 相似文献
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A probability-based analytical model for predicting the seismic residual deformation of bilinear single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)systems with a kinematic/Takeda h... 相似文献
3.
This study developed a correction approach to improve the rainfall field estimation using the TRMM rainfall product in a sparsely-gauged mountainous basin. First, Thiessen polygons were generated to define the measurement domain of each raingauge. Second, the rainfall of TRMM pixels in each Thiessen polygon was corrected using a benchmark method based on the difference between the monthly rainfall estimated by a raingauge and the TRMM pixel that possessed a gauge station (referred to as a gauged pixel). Third, the rainfall values in the gauged pixels were adjusted to the weighted average value of the gauge rainfall and corrected pixel rainfall. Finally, the rainfall in the non-gauged TRMM pixels was corrected as the sum of two terms. The first term is the adjusted rainfall in the corresponding gauged pixel in the same Thiessen polygon, and the second term is the rainfall (after benchmark correction) difference between the current pixel and the gauged pixel. Our results indicate that the corrected rainfall data outperforms the original TRMM product in the simulations of moderate and low flows and outperforms the sparse raingauges in the simulations of both peak and low flows.
EDITOR A. Castellarin; ASSOCIATE EDITOR S. Huang 相似文献
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流域水文平衡不仅决定于降水和潜在蒸散发总量,而且还受到其年内季节性变化特征的影响。收集1956—2010年中国743个国家级气象站逐日气候资料,采用FAO-Penman公式计算潜在蒸散发量,插值计算10 km网格日降水和潜在蒸发,进行水热季节性特征的变化分析。结果表明,82.8%的区域潜在蒸散发量均值有下降趋势,但减少量不大,同时其年内季节性特征没有显著变化。表征降水年内波动振幅的季节性指数在全国范围均有显著下降趋势,且北方流域更为明显,变化率最大的西北诸河达到6.4%/10 a;峰值时间和雨季长度则变化不显著。这种水热季节性的变化被认为会导致流域径流的减少,在今后中国径流变化的归因研究中,应该考虑降水季节性变化的贡献。 相似文献
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结合全国317个气象站1956-2005年气象资料,分别利用普通Mann-Kendall、预置白Mann-Kendall、去趋势预置白Mann-Kendall趋势检验方法分析了年降水量、年平均气温和年蒸发皿蒸发量的趋势检验结果及自相关系数变化规律。其中,年降雨序列的自相关性不显著,3种趋势检验方法的分析结果差异不大;年平均气温和年蒸发皿蒸发量自相关性显著,其3种方法的检验结果差异性较大,需要剔除自相关性后进行趋势检验;空间特征上,北方站点气象要素的自相关显著性较高。数据分析和数学推导表明,序列正自相关性会放大序列趋势的显著性,序列的趋势项会增大计算的自相关系数。 相似文献
7.
Modal parameters, including fundamental frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, could be used to evaluate the health condition of structures. Automatic modal parameter identification, which plays an essential role in realtime structural health monitoring, has become a popular topic in recent years. In this study, an automatic modal parameter identification procedure for high arch dams is proposed. The proposed procedure is implemented by combining the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm and the stochastic subspace identification (SSI). The 210-m-high Dagangshan Dam is investigated as an example to verify the feasibility of the procedure. The results show that the DBSCAN algorithm is robust enough to interpret the stabilization diagram from SSI and may avoid outline modes. This leads to the proposed procedure obtaining a better performance than the partitioned clustering and hierarchical clustering algorithms. In addition, the errors of the identified frequencies of the arch dam are within 4%, and the identified mode shapes are in agreement with those obtained from the finite element model, which implies that the proposed procedure is accurate enough to use in modal parameter identification. The procedure is feasible for online modal parameter identification and modal tracking of arch dams.
相似文献8.
Cadmium flux through a lab food chain (Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin- Penaeus orientate Kishinouye- Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks) and its genotoxicity were investigated. The results are as follows:1. High doses of cadmium (>0.003 mol / L) induced flocculation and quick precipitation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum; lower doses of cadmium could be adsorbed on and absorbed by P. tricornutum without delaying its growth. Cadmium concentrations in algae increased with dosage, and cadmium ions removed from the medium were in proportion to dosage. In vivo chelation and organizable combination of absorbed cadmium ions by metabolites of P. tricornutum can be considered as bio-detoxification.2. Cadmium concentration decreased in the transfers from P. tricornutum to P. orientalis and from the latter to H. otakii. Transfer coefficient of cadmium in the first flux was 66.6% and 29.9% in the second. Results of t tests showed that mutagenicity of ashed internal organs of experimental prawns was significantly hi 相似文献
9.
Guangju Zhao Junfeng Gao Peng Tian Kun Tian Guangheng Ni 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(3):809-819
Taihu Basin is one of the most developed and industrialized regions in China. In the last two decades, rapid development of
economy as well as an increase in population has resulted in an increase of pollutants produced and discharged into rivers
and lakes. Much more attention has been paid on the serious water pollution problems due to high frequency of algal blooming.
The dataset, obtained during the period 2001–2002 from the Water Resources Protection Bureau of the Taihu Basin, consisted
of eight physicochemical variables surveyed monthly at 22 sampling sites in the Taihu Basin, China. Principal component analysis
(PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify the characteristics of the surface water quality in the studied area.
The temporal and spatial variations of water quality were also evaluated by using the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method.
PCA extracted the first two principal components (PCs), explaining 86.18% of the total variance of the raw data. Especially,
PC1 (73.72%) had strong positive correlation with DO, and was negatively associated with CODMn, COD, BOD, NH4
+–N, TP and TN. PC2 (12.46%) was characterized by pH. CA showed that most sites were highly polluted by industrial and domestic
wastewater which contributed significantly to PC1. The sites located in the west of Lake Taihu were influenced by farmland
runoff which may contribute to nitrogen pollution of Lake Taihu, whereas the monitoring sites in the eastern of Lake Taihu
demonstrated that urban residential subsistence and domestic wastewater are the major contaminants. FSE indicates that there
is no obvious variance between 2001 and 2002 among most sites. Only several sites free from point-source pollution appear
to exhibit good water quality through the studied period. 相似文献
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澜沧江-湄公河是中国与东南亚地区重要的跨境河流，其泥沙问题涉及流域内各国的生态、农业、渔业、航运、海岸侵蚀等诸多领域，近年来下游输沙量持续减少，受到广泛关注。综述了澜沧江-湄公河泥沙研究的争论焦点，包括全流域主产沙区的位置，湄公河干流水文站点间实测输沙量异常变化关系以及人类活动对泥沙过程的影响。系统梳理了现有研究中存在的主要问题，包括下湄公河泥沙观测数据质量不高、全流域总输沙量1.60亿t/a的数据基础存疑、水文模拟的时空分辨率不足、未考虑土地利用变化的影响和悬移质之外的泥沙研究不充分等，在此基础上提出了进一步研究建议。 相似文献