稳定同位素动力学分馏模型研究进展     

李静  薛冬梅  王义东  王中良 《矿物学报》2020,40(3):248-254

稳定同位素分馏的模型计算,是同位素理论研究的重要方面。本文在前人研究的基础上,总结了几种同位素动力学分馏的计算公式,即稳态假设下的一级动力学反应方程、Michaelis-Menten(MM)动力学方程和Michaelis-Menten-Monod(MMM)动力学方程。过渡态假设下的Michaelis-Menten-Monod(TR-MMM)动力学方程放松了稳态假设,得到了一个较为准确的数值。温度对化学反应速率影响显著,进而影响与之相关的同位素分馏系数。通过反应速率与热力学的关系式,建立同位素分馏系数与热力学的间接联系,从而得到同位素分馏系数对温度变化的响应方程式。  相似文献   

基于PnET-CN模型的亚热带人工针叶林生产力与固碳潜力模拟研究     

颜元  王绍强  王义东  伍卫星  王晶苑  陈斌  杨风亭 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(3):458-474

A generalized, lumped-parameter ecological model PnET-CN was calibrated and validated for a subtropical coniferous plantation in southern China. PnET-CN model describes the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and can assist in estimating carbon sequestration potential. For validation of PnET-CN, data from coniferous forest plantations in southern China was used. Simulated daily gross primary productivity (GPP) from 2005 to 2007 agreed well with observations (R2=0.56, S.D.=0.009). Simulations of monthly soil res-piration (Rs) from 2005-2007 agreed well with Rs observations (R2=0.67, S.D. =0.03). Simu-lated annual net primary productivity (NPP) from 1998-2006 was 803 33 gCm 2a 1, about 4% higher than NPP observation (752 51 gCm 2a 1). Simulations of annual NEP from 2005 2007 only overestimate 9 gCm 2a 1 (4%), 4 gCm 2a 1 (1%) and 34 gCm 2a 1 (8%) compared to NEP observations, respectively. Simulated annual foliar N concentration (FolNCon) (1.09%) is 10% lower than observed monthly FolNCon (0.87%-1.58%). Simulated annual N leaching (0.26 gNm 2) is about 10% lower than leaching observation (0.29 gNm 2). PnET-CN model valida-tion indicates that PnET-CN is capable to simulate daily GPP, annual NPP, annual NEP, monthly Rs, annual FolNCon and annual nitrate N leaching for subtropical coniferous planta-tions in southern China. The results obtained from the validation test revealed that PnET-CN model can be used to simulate carbon sequestration of planted coniferous forests in southern China to a high level of precision. Sensitivity analysis suggests that great care should be taken in developing generalizations as to how forests will respond to a changing climate. PnET-CN performed satisfactorily in comparison to other models that have already been calibrated and validated in coniferous planted subtropical forests in China. Based on PnET-CN validation and its comparison to other models, future improvement of PnET-CN should focus on seasonal foliar N dynamics and the effects of water stress on autotrophic respirations in subtropical coniferous plantations in southern China.  相似文献   

长期垦殖与退化对七里海芦苇沼泽土壤盐分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯小平  王义东  郭长城  王中良 《湿地科学》2014,(3)

以天津滨海典型盐渍化湿地——七里海湿地为研究区,采用土钻剖面取样法,采集深度分别为0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~50 cm、50~70 cm和70~100 cm的7层土壤的样品,共采集63个土壤样品,研究长期垦殖(约60 a)和湿地退化(约50 a)对芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽土壤盐分的影响。结果表明,垦殖与退化显著降低了沼泽土壤盐渍化程度;农田土壤的含盐量最小,其次为退化沼泽、天然沼泽。沼泽垦殖与退化不同程度影响了土壤阴、阳离子的组成。垦殖主要影响了0~20 cm土层阳离子的组成,显著改变了10~100 cm土层阴离子的组成;沼泽退化显著增加了5~10 cm土层Mg2++K+的比例和10~50 cm土层CO32-+HCO3-的比例,显著降低了0~30 cm土层Cl-和10~100 cm土层SO42-的比例。垦殖和退化削弱了土壤阴、阳离子间的相关性,其中Mg2+、Ca2+和K+在垦殖与退化过程中有着相似或相近的运移特征。沼泽垦殖显著降低了0~20 cm深度土壤钠吸附比和碱化度,沼泽退化显著降低了0~10 cm深度土壤钠吸附比和碱化度,表明沼泽垦殖与退化都降低了土壤钠的危害,然而二者对土壤残余碳酸钠影响较小。  相似文献   

生态补水对白洋淀流域地表水和地下水水化学特征的影响     

崔旭  张兵  何明霞  夏文雪  王义东  赵勇 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1675-1686

生态补水是维持和改善白洋淀生态环境的重要途径.为研究生态补水对白洋淀水环境的影响,分别在补水前与补水后采集淀水、河水及地下水样品,分析区域地表水和地下水水化学特征.结果表明：（1）白洋淀补水前、后地表水与地下水的水化学组成中Na⁺为主要阳离子,补水后阴离子以HCO₃^-为主,淀区南部地表水电导率高;补水后地表水与地下水Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和HCO₃^-浓度显著增加,水体电导率降低.（2）补水前地下水为Na-HCO₃型水,地表水主要为Na-Cl·SO₄及Na-Cl·HCO₃类型;补水后地表水与浅层地下水向Ca·Mg-HCO₃型演化,深层地下水水化学类型基本保持不变.（3）生态补水使白洋淀水位升高,淀区水面积增大,缓解了水资源短缺的问题;同时也使浅层地下水水化学组成发生改变,而深层地下水暂未受到影响.生态补水后,受稀释和混合作用的影响,水体Na⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-浓度显著下降,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺及HCO₃^-浓度增加.在白洋淀生态补水中应"先治污,后补水",以减少补水过程中污染物向淀区的运移,还应注意区域地下水位上升过程中的阳离子交换及水岩相互作用,为合理调配生态补水及改善白洋淀生态环境提供科学依据.  相似文献