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1.
Brittleness Effect on Rock Fatigue Damage Evolution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The damage evolution mechanism of rocks is one of the most important aspects in studying of rock fatigue behavior. Fatigue damage evolution of three rock types (onyx marble, sandstone and soft limestone) with different brittleness were considered in the present study. Intensive experimental tests were conducted on the chosen rock samples and acoustic emission (AE) sensors were used in some of them to monitor the fracturing process. Experimental tests indicated that brittleness strongly influences damage evolution of rocks in the course of static and dynamic loading. AE monitoring revealed that micro-crack density induced by the applied loads during different stages of the failure processes increases as rock brittleness increases. Also, results of fatigue tests on the three rock types indicated that the rock with the most induced micro-cracks during loading cycles has the least fatigue life. Furthermore, the condition of failure surfaces of the studied rocks samples, subjected to dynamic and static loading, were evaluated and it was concluded that the roughness of failure surfaces is influenced by loading types and rock brittleness. Dynamic failure surfaces were rougher than static ones and low brittle rock demonstrate a smoother failure surface compared to high brittle rock. 相似文献
2.
A. H. Ghazvinian M. J. Azinfar R. Geranmayeh Vaneghi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(3):349-359
In this study, the shear behavior of discontinuities possessing two different rock wall types with distinct separate compressive
strengths was investigated. The designed profiles consisted of regular artificial joints molded by five types of plaster mortars,
each representing a distinct uniaxial compressive strength. The compressive strengths of plaster specimens ranged from 5.9
to 19.5 MPa. These specimens were molded considering a regular triangular asperity profile and were designed so as to achieve
joint walls with different strength material combinations. The results showed that the shear behavior of discontinuities possessing
different joint wall compressive strengths (DDJCS) tested under constant normal load (CNL) conditions is the same as those
possessing identical joint wall strengths, but the shear strength of DDJCS is governed by minor joint wall compressive strength.
In addition, it was measured that the predicted values obtained by Barton’s empirical criterion are greater than the experimental
results. The finding indicates that there is a correlation between the joint roughness coefficient (JRC), normal stress, and
mechanical strength. It was observed that the mode of failure of asperities is either pure tensile, pure shear, or a combination
of both. Therefore, Barton’s strength criterion, which considers the compressive strength of joint walls, was modified by
substituting the compressive strength with the tensile strength. The validity of the modified criterion was examined by the
comparison of the predicted shear values with the laboratory shear test results reported by Grasselli (Ph.D. thesis n.2404,
Civil Engineering Department, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2001). These comparisons infer that the modified criterion can predict the shear strength of joints more precisely. 相似文献
3.
4.
Mixed mode crack propagation in low brittle rock-like materials 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Abdolhadi Ghazvinian Hamid Reza Nejati Vahab Sarfarazi Mir Raouf Hadei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4435-4444
Mixed mode fracture is quite common in rock structures. Numerous investigators have used the Brazilian disk specimens with a central crack for investigating modes I, II, and mixed fracture toughness in brittle materials. In this study, analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations were planned and performed on Central Straight Through Crack Brazilian Disk (CSCBD) specimens. Ranking of geometrical parameters effective on the value of stress intensity factors (SIFs) of CSCBD specimens were obtained using stochastic analysis. Furthermore, experimental tests were undertaken in order to evaluate the crack propagation in rock-like material of low brittleness. Finally, numerical modeling was performed to assess the effect of crack length on the failure mode of CSCBD specimens. Analytical analyses revealed that the inclination angle of the crack with respect to the diametrical load has the most important impact on the SIFs among the geometrical parameters of CSCBD specimen. Performed experimental and numerical analyses also confirmed the effect of inclination angle and crack length and their impact on the mode of failure of the tested specimen. 相似文献
5.
An intensive investigation was set up to study the mechanical response of discontinuities with different joint wall compressive strengths. Physical models were employed in order to perform the planned studies. Models were designed to contain profiles of regular artificial joints molded by five types of plaster mortars each of which representing a distinct uniaxial compressive strength. The compressive strengths of plaster specimens ranged from 5.9 to 19.5 MPa. These specimens were prepared considering to have discontinuities of regular triangular asperity profile and were so designed to achieve joint walls of different strength material combinations. Direct shear tests were carried out on joints, and variations of shear stiffness, normal stiffness, and residual friction angle were investigated in various states. Details of the experiments, obtained data, the performed analyses, and the results are presented in this paper. 相似文献
6.
A. Ghazvinian V. Sarfarazi W. Schubert M. Blumel 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(5):677-693
Particle flow code 2D (PFC2D) was adopted to simulate the shear behavior of rocklike material samples containing planar non-persistent joints. Direct shear loading was conducted to investigate the effect of joint separation on the failure behavior of rock bridges. Initially calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to the data obtained from experimental laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models were cross checked with the results of direct shear tests performed on non-persistent jointed physical models. Through numerical direct shear tests, the failure process was visually observed, and the failure patterns were found reasonably similar to the experimentally observed trends. The discrete element simulations demonstrated that the macro-scale shear zone resulted from the progressive failure of the tension-induced micro-cracks. The failure pattern was mostly influenced by joint separation, while the shear strength was linked to the failure pattern and failure mechanism. Furthermore, it was observed that the failure zone is relatively narrow and has a symmetrical pattern when rock bridges occupy a low percentage of the total shear surface. This may be due to the high stress interactions between the subsequent joints separated by a rock bridge. In contrast, when rock bridges are occupying sufficient area prohibiting the stress interactions to occur then the rupture of surface is more complex and turns into a shear zone. This zone was observed to be relatively thick with an unsymmetrical pattern. The shear strength of rock bridges is reduced by increasing the joint length as a result of increasing both the stress concentration at tip of the joints and the stress interaction between the joints. 相似文献
7.
The Shear Behavior of Bedding Planes of Weakness Between Two Different Rock Types with High Strength Difference 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
A. H. Ghazvinian A. Taghichian Mahmoud Hashemi S. A. Mar’ashi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(1):69-87
In this article, the shear behavior of discontinuities caused by bedding planes of weakness between two different rock types
with high strength difference is investigated. The effect of roughness and compressive strength of joint wall in such discontinuities
are studied. The designed profiles consist of two regular and three irregular artificial joints molded by three types of plaster
mortars with different uniaxial compressive strengths. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the shear behavior of discontinuities
with different joint wall compressive strengths (JCS) is different from rock joints with identical wall compressive strengths
by showing that Barton’s empirical criterion is not appropriate for the former discontinuities. After that, some correlation
equations are proposed between the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) parameter and some surface statistical/fractal parameters,
and the normal stress range of Barton’s strength criterion is also modified to be used for such discontinuities. Then, a new
empirical criterion is proposed for these discontinuities in such a way that a rational function is used instead of JRC log10(JCS/σ
n) as i
0(σ
c/σ
n)a/[b + (σ
c/σ
n)
a
] by satisfying the peak dilation angle boundary conditions under zero and very high normal stress (physical infinite normal
stress causing zero peak dilation angle). The proposed criterion has three surface parameters: i
0, a, and b. The reason for separation of i
0 from JRC is indicated and the method of its calculation is mentioned based on the literature. The two remaining coefficients
(a and b) are discussed in detail and it is shown that a shows a power-law relationship with b, introducing the coefficient c through b = c
a
. Then, it is expressed that a is directly related to discontinuity surface topography. Finally, it is shown that the coefficient c has higher values in irregular profiles in comparison with regular profiles and is dominated by intensity of peak dilation
angle reduction (majorly related to the surface irregularity and minorly related to roughness). The coefficient c is to be determined by performing regression analysis on experimental data. 相似文献
8.
V. Sarfarazi A. Ghazvinian W. Schubert M. Blumel H. R. Nejati 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(4):1355-1371
The effect of joint overlap on the full failure behavior of a rock bridge in the shear-box test was numerically investigated by means of the particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D). Initially, the PFC2D was calibrated by use of data obtained from experimental laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model’s response. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models was cross-checked with the results from direct shear tests performed on non-persistent jointed physical models. By use of numerical direct shear tests, the failure process was visually observed and the failure patterns were seen to be in reasonable accordance with experimental results. Discrete element simulations demonstrated that macro shear fractures in rock bridges are because of microscopic tensile breakage of a large number of bonded discs. The failure pattern is mostly affected by joint overlap whereas the shear strength is closely related to the failure pattern. The results show that non-overlapping joints lost their loading capacity when nearly 50 % of total cracks developed within the rock bridge whereas the overlapping joints lost their loading capacity as soon as cracks initiated from the joint walls. Furthermore, progressive failure or stable crack growth was seen to develop for non-overlapped joints whereas brittle failure or unstable crack growth was seen to develop in overlapped joints. 相似文献
9.
Landfill site selection by decision-making tools based on fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Abdolhadi Nazari Mohammad Mehdi Salarirad Abbas Aghajani Bazzazi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(6):1631-1642
Landfill site selection is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires evaluation of several factors where many different
attributes are taken into account. Decision makers always have some difficulties in making the right decision in the multiple
attribute environments. After identifying candidate sites, these sites should be ranked using decision-making methods. This
study applies Chang’s fuzzy AHP-based multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) method for selection of the best site of landfills
based on a set of decision criteria. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was designed to make pairwise comparisons
of selected criteria by domain experts for assigning weights to the decision criteria. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is
used to make pairwise comparisons and assign weights to the decision criteria. It is easier for a decision maker to describe
a value for an alternative by using linguistic terms and fuzzy numbers. In the fuzzy-based AHP method, the rating of each
alternative was described using the expression of triangular fuzzy membership functions. Once the global weights of the criteria
is calculated by AHP, they are incorporated into the decision matrices composed by decision maker and passed to fuzzy-AHP
method which is used to determine preference order of siting alternatives. In this study, a computer program based on the
Chang’s fuzzy method was also developed in MATLAB environment for ranking and selecting the landfill site. As an example of
the proposed methodology, four different hypothetical areas were chosen and implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of
the program. By using this program, the precision was improved in comparison with traditional methods and computational time
required for ranking and selecting the suitable landfill site was significantly reduced. 相似文献
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