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排序方式: 共有91条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Natural Hazards - This paper has classified nine attenuation laws derived for subduction interface earthquakes through a comparative study based on the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) recorded in... 相似文献
2.
Muhammad Adnan Paul A Longley Alex D Singleton Chris Brunsdon 《Transactions in GIS》2010,14(3):283-297
Geodemographic classifications provide discrete indicators of the social, economic and demographic characteristics of people living within small geographic areas. They have hitherto been regarded as products, which are the final “best” outcome that can be achieved using available data and algorithms. However, reduction in computational cost, increased network bandwidths and increasingly accessible spatial data infrastructures have together created the potential for the creation of classifications in near real time within distributed online environments. Yet paramount to the creation of truly real time geodemographic classifications is the ability for software to process and efficiency cluster large multidimensional spatial databases within a timescale that is consistent with online user interaction. To this end, this article evaluates the computational efficiency of a number of clustering algorithms with a view to creating geodemographic classifications “on the fly” at a range of different geographic scales. 相似文献
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Shattri Mansor Nader Saadatkhah Zailani Khuzaimah Arnis Asmat Nor Aizam Adnan Siti Noradzah Adam 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(2):739-764
The objective of this paper is to develop a spatial temporal runoff modelling of local rainfall patterns effect on the plant cover hilly lands in Kelantan River Basin. Rainfall interception loss based on leaf area index, loss/infiltration on the ground surface, and runoff calculation were considered as the main plant cover effects on the runoff volume. In this regard, a hydrological and geotechnical grid-based regional model (integrated model) was performed using Microsoft Excel® and GIS framework system for deterministic modelling of rainfall-induced runoff by incorporating plant cover effects. The infiltration process of the current model was integrated with the precipitation distribution method and rainfall interception approach while the runoff analysis of integrated model was employed based on loss/infiltration water on the ground surface with consideration of water interception loss by canopy and the remaining surface water. In the following, the spatial temporal analysis of rainfall-induced runoff was performed using 10 days of hourly rainfall events at the end of December 2014 in Kelantan River Basin. The corresponding changes in pressure head and consequent rate of infiltration were calculated during rainfall events. Subsequently, flood volume is computed using local rainfall patterns, along with water interception loss and the remaining surface water in the study area. The results showed the land cover changes caused significant differences in hydrological response to surface water. The increase in runoff volume of the Kelantan River Basin is as a function of deforestation and urbanization, especially converting the forest area to agricultural land (i.e. rubber and mixed agriculture). 相似文献
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A helical surge (S 72, W 90) was recorded by a monochromatic filter at the University Observatory of Istanbul. It is a significient one at a very high latitude and without any center of activity. A sequence of the filtergrams showed some condensed points from which the motions of the plasma are traced. Different velocities were determined on each of the branches of the helical surge during its evolution. The surge reached its maximum height of 298 000 km and the maximum velocity of this upper region was 250 km s–1. 相似文献
7.
N. U. Ain M. Latif K. Ullah S. Adnan R. Ahmed M. Umar M. Azam 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2020,140(1):69-89
As a result of climate change and unsustainable land use management in the recent past, droughts have become one of the most devastating climatic hazards whose impacts may prolong from months to years. This study presents analysis of droughts for two major cropping seasons, i.e., Kharif (May–September) and Rabi (October–April), over the Potwar Plateau of Pakistan. The analysis is performed using various datasets viz. observational, reanalysis, and Regional Climate Models (RCMs), for the past (1981–2010) and future (2011–2100) time periods. The following two methods for the identification of dry and wet years, also referred to as drought and wetness, are applied: (1) the percentile rank approach and (2) the drought indices, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Future projections of droughts are investigated using RCM (RegCM4.4 and RCA4) outputs from CORDEX South Asia domain under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Generally, the indices show non-significant decreasing trends of drought severity in the recent past for all cases; however, significant increasing trends are observed for annual (0.006) and Kharif (0.007) cases under RCP4.5 scenario. The analysis of large-scale atmospheric dynamics suggests the significant role of low-level geopotential height anomalies over Tibetan Plateau (northwest of Pakistan) during Kharif (Rabi) season in controlling drought occurrence by transporting moisture from the Bay of Bengal (Arabian Sea). Moreover, composites of vertically integrated moisture transport, moisture flux convergence/divergence, and precipitable water anomalies show their marked contribution in maintaining the drought/wetness conditions over the Potwar region. 相似文献
8.
Adnan Özdemir 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1695-1710
This study examines the local geological conditions and soil structure as possible causes of the collapse of the Zümrüt Building
2 February 2004. This catastrophe resulted in 92 fatalities and 35 injuries. This study also examines other views which claim
weak soil structure, elastic and consolidation settlement of soil and excessive groundwater extraction as well as subsidence
resulting from the underground silt erosion as possible factors. Zümrüt Building was constructed on normally consolidated,
low plasticity clay. The underground water table was 30 m in depth. The internal friction angle of soil was 8°–30°, its cohesion
was between 34 and 127 kN/m2 and standard penetration test numbers varied between 11 and 50. The underground water level beneath Zümrüt Building had risen
4.5 m since its construction. Therefore the claim that subsidence resulting from the decrease of underground water level contributed
to the collapse is incorrect. Secondly the settlement, resulting from the filling up of the pores created by the silt receding
with the underground water, was 4.4 mm in total, and attributing this as the primary cause of the collapse is also incorrect.
Soil properties, in situ and laboratory test results showed that the existing and/or expected settlement and the differential
ground settlement in the Zümrüt building vicinity had the potential to cause structural damage. The tensile stresses caused
by differential settlements recorded here are thought to be an indicator, but not the main cause contributing to the collapse
of the building. The Zümrüt Building collapse was due to several compounding mistakes during the construction phase. These
were geotechnical and other project faults and the use of low quality construction materials. The resulting catastrophe caused
92 fatalities, 35 injuries and a material loss of approximately US$7 million. 相似文献
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Adnan A. Basma Samer A. Barakat Maher T. Omar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(3):225-242
The design methods currently used for earth reinforcement are mostly based on deterministic properties of both the soil and
the construction materials used. Nowadays, however, the general trend is designing at a specific degree of reliability. This
is even more true where the raw data such as soil properties exhibit significant variation. Deterministic solutions, in this
case, may not suffice. Therefore, this paper will attempt to use probabilistic formulations thereby modifying the existing
design procedure of reinforced earth retaining walls to account for uncertainties and variabilities. Through a first order
Taylor's series expansion about the mean, the mean and variance of the strip reinforcing components, namely width and length,
are derived in terms of the variations in the soil properties. Design charts that enable estimation of both mean and variance
are developed to avoid extensive partial differentiation involved in the computations. Using appropriate probability distributions
along with the mean and variance, the final design outputs are determined for a selected failure probability by introducing
what is refered to as 'risk index'. The results indicate that the risk index increases with an increase in the coefficient
of variations and a decrease in failure probability. Furthermore, it is shown that in some cases, depending on the variabilities
of the soil properties, the classical design technique produced a relatively high failure probability.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献