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The handling of the solid industrial waste (SIW) generated in Catalonia is one of the main problems of industrial and territorial policy confronting the public bodies controlling this area of activity. The most recent estimates in this regard indicate that the annual production of SIW is 1,700,000 tons and that only 300,000 tons are treated.In this situation it is usual for a large number of industries to eliminate their SIW furtively, it is common practice to dump waste in various unprepared areas. In this article we present a series of hypotheses which we believe allow us to understand the logic that guides the siting of a large number of these dumps.In the first place we demonstrate the importance of a series of conditions derived from the same industrial logic, to wit, a) the cost of transporting the SIW to the dumps, b) the industrial decentralization process and the metropolitan development of Catalonia, c) vertical integration and the appearance of companies especially dedicated to the elimination of waste and, d) the development of land use through revaluation of the land and greater possibilities for control forces furtive dumps to be sited in more and more distant areas.Secondly, we examine the role of public bodies in this process, concentrating on the characteristics of the legal system and the real effectiveness of urban controls. Finally, in third place, an explanation is given of research carried out in the Barcelona area which shows the importance of the conditions examined above. 相似文献
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Mourad Essalhi Stanislas Sizaret Luc Barbanson Yan Chen Yannick Branquet Dominique Panis Pierre Camps Pierre Rochette Angels Canals 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2009,277(3-4):501-513
The present study aims to apply the AMS method (Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility) at a regional scale to track the fluid circulation direction that has produced an iron metasomatism within pre-existing dolomite host rock. The Urgonian formations hosting the Zn–Pb mineralizations in La Florida (Cantabria, northern Spain) have been taken as target for this purpose. Sampling was carried out, in addition to ferroan dolomite host rock enclosing the Zn–Pb mineralizations, in dolomite host rock and limestone to make the comparison possible between magnetic signals from mineralized rocks, where fluid circulation occurred, and their surrounding formations. AMS study was coupled with petrofabric analysis carried out by texture goniometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations and also Shape Preferred Orientation (SPO) statistics. SEM observations of ferroan dolomite host rock illustrate both bright and dark grey ribbons corresponding respectively to Fe enriched and pure dolomites. SPO statistics applied on four images from ferroan dolomite host rock give a well-defined orientation of ribbons related to the intermediate axis of magnetic susceptibility K2. For AMS data, two magnetic fabrics are observed. The first one is observed in ferroan dolomite host rock and characterized by a prolate ellipsoid of magnetic susceptibility with a vertical magnetic lineation. The magnetic susceptibility carrier is Fe-rich dolomite. These features are probably acquired during metasomatic fluid circulations. In Fe-rich dolomite host rock, ?c? axes are vertical. As a rule, (0001) planes (i.e. planes perpendicular to ?c? axes) are isotropic with respect to crystallographic properties. So, the magnetic anisotropy measured in this plane should reflect crystallographic modification due to fluid circulation. This is confirmed by the texture observed using the SEM. Consequently, AMS results show a dominant NE–SW elongation interpreted as the global circulation direction and a NW–SE secondary elongation that we have considered as sinuosities of the fluid trajectory. The second type of magnetic fabric is essentially observed in the limestone and characterized by an oblate form of the ellipsoid of magnetic susceptibility, a horizontal magnetic foliation and mixed magnetic susceptibility carriers. It is interpreted as a sedimentary fabric. 相似文献
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A saline circuit has been studied as a model of coastal evaporite system. The lipid composition of diverse salt ponds encompassing calcite, gypsum and halite domains has been determined. Most of the lipid materials has been found in the carbonate samples and is related to algal/cyanobacterial debris. Lipids in the gypsum domain are of heterotropic microbialorigin and extreme halophilic bacteria constitute the main lipid contribution in the halite samples. n-Alkane distributions with high predominance of n-docosane constitute a previously described feature of sedimentary evaporitic conditions that is charateristics of the intermediate calcite/gypsum samples. In the calcite domain, the presence of C20 highly branched isoprenid olephines, tetrahymanol and the large amounts of phytol constitute likely precursors of lipids usually found in evaporitic environments (i.e. C20 highly branched isoprenoid alkanes, gammacerane and high phytane/pristane ratios). Their occurence point to dehydration and hydrogenations as two main diagenetic processes leading to the formation of “evaporitic molecular markers”. 相似文献
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Pierre Marche Christian Meunier Alain Barbe Pierre Jouve 《Planetary and Space Science》1983,31(7):723-727
Total atmospheric ozone has been measured at the “Observatoire de Haute-Provence”, Chiran Station, 1905 m high with a ground based, high resolution i.r. spectrometer, using the Sun as a source. Results are compared with a Dobson spectrophotometer which has been calibrated and intercompared with a standard. Total ozone values found with Dobson are 4% lower than values given by i.r. measurements. In addition, a negative correlation between total ozone and tropopause height has been found. 相似文献
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J. Verneaux J. P. Vergon M. Coste J. Barbe M. Lafont 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1976,38(2):207-237
Résumé Une étude écologique, à caractère synthétique, des systèmes aquatiques (5 étangs et un ruisseau) de la réserve naturelle de
Bonfol (Canton de Berne) a été effectuée au cours de 3 missions de 4 jours entre mai et novembre 1971 par une équipe pluridisciplinaire.
Après un examen des caractéristiques générales, morphologiques et physicochimiques, les cartes des associations végétales
ainsi que les diagrammes ?écomorphologiques? sont établis pour les étangs.
Un inventaire des espèces planctoniques et benthiques est dressé (microflore: 237 espèces-macro-invertébrés: 100 espèces)
pour les étangs et le ruisseau du Corbéry puis, au terme d’un examen global, une tentative est effectuée pour dégager les
principaux caractères des systèmes étudiés, définir le programme des aménagements ainsi que celui des études à entreprendre.
Avec la collaboration technique de MM. Berget, Boucheron, Faessel, Monnot. 相似文献
Summary An ecological study of five ponds and a brook was performed in the natural park of Bonfol (Berne Canton). Three field sampling campaigns were carried out by a multidisciplinary staff. Morphological and physicochemical properties were considered; plant-associations maps and ‘ecomorphological’ diagrams were drawn up in regards to the ponds. An inventory of benthic and planctonic species is taken for the ponds and Corbery brook (microflora: 237 species; macroinvertebrates: 100 species); then an attempt is made to pick out the main features of the systems and to define the development plans and the needs for further research.
Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit ist das Ergebnis von 3 Untersuchungen, welche im Naturreservat Bonfol (Jura, Kanton Bern) durch eine Spezialistengruppe ausgeführt und auf der Vergleichsbasis der chemischphysikalischen Bedingungen der aquatischen Lebensr?ume (5 Teiche, ein Bach) zu einer ?kologischen Studie zusammengefasst wurden. Nach einer Dokumentation der Morphologie der Lebensr?ume und ihrer chemisch-physikalischen Bedingungen ist die Verteilung der Pflanzengesellschaften kartiert, ferner werden die Teiche mit ?komorphologischen Diagrammen charakterisiert. Die Besiedlung der Teiche und des Baches Corbéry ist in Artenlisten zusammengestellt. Die Studie schliesst mit Vorschl?gen für neue Untersuchungen sowie für technische Sanierungsmassnahmen.
Avec la collaboration technique de MM. Berget, Boucheron, Faessel, Monnot. 相似文献
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