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1.
Pasargadae complex had been the main center of Persian history during the Achaemenian period (560–330 bc), registered as one of the world heritage sites by UNESCO in 2004. This research is an attempt to recognize the natural setting
and landscape of Pasargadae during the Achaemenian period, in Iran. The method is based on the application of a multi-layer
technique. Collected data by fieldwork, especially in geology, hydrology, and hydrogeology, along with the analysis of aerial
data and satellite information provided the baseline information for preparing historic and environmental layers and have
made it possible to recognize a natural lakelet in the this area. The results show that the geometry of lakelet together with
the ancient river of Pasargadae had been the main elements that formed the character of the site; they were also important
in the locations of buildings in the Pasargadae complex. 相似文献
2.
A simple one-dimensional analytical solution is presented to model oxygen diffusion through the pore space of mine spoils containing pyrite. The model incorporates volumetric oxygen consumption terms due to pyrite oxidation, oxidation of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ and bacterial activity. Based on this analytical solution, a graphical user interface (GUI) tool is programmed and designed in MATLAB software. This tool can be used to model transport of oxygen through the mine spoils either with or without a cap. Results of several simulation scenarios of sensitivity analysis showed a significant change in oxygen concentration with varying effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen transport model and simulation time. Efficiency and flexibility of the tool developed here is verified by modelling oxygen transport through the pore space of a coal waste pile (case A) and a copper mine tailings (case B). Maximum depth of oxygen diffusion is obtained approximately equal to 2 and 1.5 m through the cases A and B, respectively. 相似文献
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Jabbar Moradi Hussein Besharati Hussein Ali Bahrami Mojtaba Karimi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):799-805
The absence of environmentally sensitive soil management systems can be considered as one of the major risks to sustainability of agricultural soils in Iran. Tillage is the most critical operation in soil management designed to achieve high crop yield, but it can adversely affect the soil fauna in several ways. In the present study, assessment of soil fauna was carried out in Western Iran in 2008 and 2009 in soil subjected to conventional (CT), minimum (MT) and no (NT)-tillage systems and amended with three levels of cattle manure (CM). Earthworm, mite, springtail and nematode populations were measured as indicators of macro, meso and micro fauna groups, respectively. Soil moisture and bulk density were also determined. Generally, low populations of soil fauna were observed consistent with expectations under similar conditions for this region. Earthworm populations were low and had a patchy distribution. Tillage and CM were found to have no effects on soil mites in both years. Soil springtails were reduced by soil tillage, indicating their sensivity to soil disturbance induced by tillage. In 2008, the nematode population was greater with application of 40 ton ha?1 CM applications (113 N.100 g soil?1). Soil tillage-induced disturbance reduced nematode population in 2009 (214 N.100 g soil?1 at CT). Minimum seedbed preparation besides less soil disturbance makes MT a proper tillage system for Zea mays cultivation. Cattle manure application increased Z. mays’ biomass, but according to our results its annual application is not recommended. There were no changes in BD in both years. We conclude that in short-term studies, soil nematode populations are suitable biological indices (under similar soil and climatic conditions) for the ecological comparison of agricultural management systems in Iran. 相似文献
5.
In this study, the spatial and temporal variabilities of terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) and snow water equivalent anomaly (SWEA) information obtained from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellites data were analysed in conjunction with multisource snow products over several basins in the Canadian landmass. Snow water equivalent (SWE) data were extracted from three different sources: Global Snow Monitoring for Climate Research version 2 (GlobSnow2), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), and Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC). The objective of the study was to understand whether SWE variations have a significant contribution to terrestrial water storage anomalies in the Canadian landmass. The period was considered from December 2002 to March 2011. Significant relationships were observed between TWSA and SWEA for most of the 15 basins considered (53% to 80% of the basins, depending on the SWE products considered). The best results were obtained with the CMC SWE products compared with satellite-based SWE data. Stronger relationships were found in snow-dominated basins (Rs > = 0.7), such as the Liard [root mean square error (RMSE) = 21.4 mm] and Peace Basins (RMSE = 26.76 mm). However, despite high snow accumulation in the north of Quebec, GRACE showed weak or insignificant correlations with SWEA, regardless of the data sources. The same behaviour was observed in the Western Hudson Bay basin. In both regions, it was found that the contribution of non-SWE compartments including wetland, surface water, as well as soil water storages has a significant impact on the variations of total storage. These components were estimated using the Water-Global Assessment and Prognosis Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) simulations and then subtracted from GRACE observations. The GRACE-derived SWEA correlation results showed improved relationships with three SWEA products. The improvement is particularly important in the sub-basins of the Hudson Bay, where very weak and insignificant results were previously found with GRACE TWSA data. GRACE-derived SWEA showed a significant relationship with CMC data in 93% of the basins (13% more than GRACE TWSA). Overall, the results indicated the important role of SWE on terrestrial water storage variations. 相似文献
6.
Boroomandnia Arezoo Bozorg-Haddad Omid Bahrami Mahdi Goharian Erfan Singh Vijay P. Lo&#;iciga Hugo A. 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(4):1379-1398
Hydrogeology Journal - A coupled simulation-optimization model (SOM) is developed in this work that links the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with a... 相似文献
7.
Ashkan Bahrami Mohammad Jamialahmadi Jamshid Moghadasi Naimeh Alimohammadi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(6):2501-2509
Significant potential exists for CO2 sequestration in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin. Reservoir simulation is an appropriate approach to estimate both the storage capacity and methane recovery enhancement. However, prior to a reliable reservoir modeling and simulation, conducting an accurate and comprehensive reservoir characterization study is necessary. The purpose of the present study is twofold: (a) to provide a rigorous reservoir characterization study required for modeling Mary Lee coal group in the Blue Creek field of the Black Warrior basin; (b) to run fluid flow simulations to predict the performance of ECBM process applied to an under pressured zone of the Mary Lee coal group. According to the current well configuration of Blue Creek field, three applicable well patterns, namely a direct line drive, an inverted 5-spot and a normal 5-spot were separately (i.e., in three distinct cases) used for simulating ECBM. Simulations were run on an approximately 32 ha (80-acre) drainage area, and included coal matrix shrinkage/swelling effects. The injected gas was assumed to be pure CO2. Using an inverted 5-spot pattern, simulations predicted that after 7.5 years of CO2 injection, approximately 32,000 tonnes of CO2 would be sequestered per 32 ha of this zone and that methane recovery would be enhanced by 36 %. Using a normal 5-spot pattern, CO2 breakthrough would occur 2.4 years earlier, and about 40,000 tonnes CO2 would be sequestered. However, methane production would be enhanced by 33 %. Considering methane recovery enhancement, direct line drive pattern delivered poor results in comparison with two other patterns. As expected, the results also showed that CO2 injection would increase water production. 相似文献
8.
A. R. Bahrami I. Mohammad Fam J. Donaldson 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2004,1(3):165-169
An investigation for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates using thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described. Samples are obtained from ambient air using fibreglass filters and the volatile material from the filter is thermally desorbed to gas chromatograph. A 30 meter capillary column is used to separate the hydrocarbons and eight polyaromatic hydrocarbons are used to test the method and recovery is >95%. The eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthrene, pyrene, benzo (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (e) pyrene were the most abundant PAHs found in the samples of ambient air with current method at Uxbridge-London. Application of the measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air samples shows that the hydrocarbons trapped in the particle phase to a lesser degree at higher ambient temperature. In conclusion a method has been developed to transfer the PAHs in particle phase from a filter to GC-MS by thermal desorption. A standard mixture of PAHs, when absorbed onto the filter, did lead to strong analyte absorbent interactions by the high percent recovery of the sample. 相似文献
9.
Prediction and controlling of flyrock in blasting operation using artificial neural network 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
M. Monjezi Amir Bahrami Ali Yazdian Varjani Ahmad Reza Sayadi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(3-4):421-425
Flyrock is one of the most hazardous events in blasting operation of surface mines. There are several empirical methods to predict flyrock. Low performance of such models is due to complexity of flyrock analysis. Existence of various effective parameters and their unknown relationships are the main reasons for inaccuracy of the empirical models. Presently, application of new approaches such as artificial intelligence is highly recommended. In this paper, an attempt has been made to predict and control flyrock in blasting operation of Sangan iron mine, Iran incorporating rock properties and blast design parameters using artificial neural network (ANN) method. A three-layer feedforward back-propagation neural network having 13 hidden neurons with nine input parameters and one output parameter were trained using 192 experimental blast datasets. It was also observed that in ascending order, blastability index, charge per delay, hole diameter, stemming length, powder factor are the most effective parameters on the flyrock. Reducing charge per delay caused significant reduction in the flyrock from 165 to 25 m in the Sangan iron mine. 相似文献
10.
The Asmari Formation(a giant hydrocarbon reservoir)is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocenee Miocene in the Zagros Basin,southwest of Iran.This formation is exposed at Tang-e-Lendeh in the Fars interior zone with a thickness of 190 m comprising medium and thick to massive bedded carbonates.The age of the Asmari Formation in the study area is the late Oligocene(Chattian)eearly Miocene(Burdigalian).Ten microfacies are defned,characterizing a gradual shallowing upward trend;the related environments are as follows:open marine(MF 8e10),restricted lagoon(MF 6e7),shoal(MF 3e5),lagoon(MF 2),and tidal fat(MF 1).Based on the environmental interpretations,a homoclinal ramp consisting of inner and middle parts prevails.MF 3e7 are characterized by the occurrence of large and small porcelaneous benthic foraminifera representing a shallow-water setting of an inner ramp,infuenced by wave and tidal processes.MF 8e10,with large particles of coral and algae,represent a deeper fair weather wave base of a middle ramp setting. 相似文献