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Résumé Les données recueillies à 13 stations hydromètriques des réseaux du SENAMHI et de ENDE, de 1975 à 1983, permettent d'estimer les flux de matières particulaires et dissoutes dans les bassins andins des rios Pilcomayo et Bermejo, formateurs du Rio Paraguay. Les résultats obtenus en Bolivie sur le bassin versant du Rio Pilcomayo, montrent que l'essentiel de l'exportation est le fait des matières en suspension (90%). Le flux de sédiments mesuré à la sortie des Andes sur le Rio Pilcomayo (80 × 106 t an?1) est du même ordre de grandeur que Celui observé 2000 kilomètres à l'aval sur le Moyen Parana. 相似文献
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The Occurrence of Forsterite and Highly Oxidizing Conditions in Basaltic Lavas from Stromboli Volcano, Italy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
CORTES JOAQUIN A.; WILSON MARJORIE; CONDLIFFE ERIC; FRANCALANCI LORELLA 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(7):1345-1373
We report the occurrence of unusual, high-magnesium (Fo96) olivinephenocrysts in a basaltic lava and an ejected lithic block fromthe Upper Vancori period (13 ka) and the recent activity (20022003)of Stromboli volcano, Italy. The samples that contain this distinctivemineral chemistry are a shoshonitic basalt and a basaltic andesitewith anomalous bulk-rock chemical characteristics in which theiron is highly oxidized (68 wt % Fe2O3 and <1 wt %FeO). In other respects these samples are similar to the majorityof Stromboli basalts, characterized by the coexistence of olivine,clinopyroxene, plagioclase and FeTi oxides as phenocrysts,and clinopyroxene, plagioclase and FeTi oxides in thegroundmass. In the high-magnesium olivine samples, FeTioxides (pseudobrookite) typically occur as symplectitic intergrowthswith the olivine phenocrysts, indicating simultaneous growthof the two phases. We propose, as a paragenetic model, thatthe Fo96 olivine phenocrysts crystallized from a highly oxidizedbasaltic magma in which most of the iron was in the ferric state;hence, only magnesium was available to form olivine. The highlyoxidized state of the magma reflects sudden degassing of volatilephases associated with instantaneous, irreversible, transientdegassing of the magma chamber; this is postulated to occurduring periods of sudden decompression induced by fracturingof the volcanic edifice associated with paroxysmic activityand edifice collapse. KEY WORDS: Stromboli; Mg-rich olivine; oxygen fugacity; redox state of magmas; irreversible processes 相似文献
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