排序方式： 共有4条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1
1.
Giovana M. de Espindola Ana Paula D. de AguiarEdzer Pebesma Gilberto CâmaraLeila Fonseca 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):240-252
The potential impact of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon on greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere calls for policies that take account of changes in forest cover. Although much research has focused on the location and effects of deforestation, little is known about the distribution and reasons for the agricultural uses that replace forest cover. We used Landsat TM-based deforestation and agricultural census data to generate maps of the distribution and proportion of four major agricultural land uses throughout the Brazilian Amazon in 1997 and 2007. We built linear and spatial regression models to assess the determinant factors of deforestation and those major agricultural land uses - pasture, temporary agriculture and permanent agriculture - for the states of Pará, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso. The data include 30 determinant factors that were grouped into two years (1996 and 2006) and in four categories: accessibility to markets, public policies, agrarian structure, and environment. We found an overall expansion of the total agricultural area between 1997 and 2007, and notable differences between the states of Pará, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso in land use changes during this period. Regression models for deforestation and pasture indicated that determinant factors such as distance to roads were more influential in 1997 than in 2007. The number of settled families played an important role in the deforestation and pasture, the effect was stronger in 2007 than 1997. Indigenous lands were significant in preventing deforestation in high-pressure areas in 2007. For temporary and permanent agricultures, our results show that in 1997 the effect of small farms was stronger than in 2007. The mapped land use time series and the models explain empirically the effects of land use changes across the region over one decade. 相似文献
2.
3.
Espíndola Juan Manuel De Lourdes Godinez Maria Espindola Victor Hugo 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(1):191-207
Popocatepetl volcano in Central Mexico entered its latest stage of activity in late 1994. Due to the nature of its eruptive history and its location in a heavily populated area, it constitutes the highest risk in the cuntry. For this reason the volcano is currently under continuous surveillance; yet the interpretation of the information is carried out mostly on empirical basis and an integrating working model is lacking, at the present. In this paper, models of elastic deformation and mass erupted are developed to estimate the mass erupted according to the observed deformation patterns. We present results obtained from input based upon a gravimetric model of the volcano's internal structure and reasonable physical parameters of the volcanic system. These results are helpful in the planning of deformation and gravimetric observations aimed to forecast a major eruption. 相似文献
4.
A new period of seismic activity that culminated in a small phreatic explosion took place in Colima Volcano (Western Mexico) during the month of July 1994. In this note, we present our analysis of this seismicity based upon information from RESCO, the seismic network of the University of Colima. The activity began with a seismic swarm of type A (tectonic-like) earthquakes with epicenters towards the SSW of the summit, followed by shallow low-frequency events underneath the volcanic edifice. The activity was accompanied by landslides and culminated with an explosion that produced small ash falls on the surrounding area. The seismic activity ceased after this episode. 相似文献
1