基于双谱滤波的综合脉冲星时算法研究          下载免费PDF全文

周庆勇  魏子卿  张华  刘思伟  孙鹏飞  张奋  姜坤  刘晓刚  李奎 《天文学报》2021,62(2):19-95

毫秒脉冲星的自转频率非常稳定,提供了一种独立的基于遥远自然天体并能持续数百万乃至数十亿年的时间基准,具有稳定性强、运行时间长、服务范围广等特点.为了减弱毫秒脉冲星计时观测中各种高斯噪声对脉冲星时的影响,研究了一种基于双谱滤波的综合脉冲星时构建算法,处理分析了国际脉冲星计时阵(International Pul-sar Timing Array,IPTA)最新发布的4颗毫秒脉冲星(PSR J0437-4715、J0613-0200、J1713+0747和J1909-3744)的观测数据,分析了不同时间尺度综合脉冲星时的稳定性,并与构成国际原子时(International Atomic Time,TAI)的4家授时单位原子钟稳定性进行了比较.结果表明:双谱滤波算法能够较好地抑制观测噪声,提高综合脉冲星时的稳定性.相比于经典加权算法,综合脉冲星时1 yr、10 yr稳定度从7.77×10^-14、8.56×10^-16分别提高到1.50×10^-14、3.50×10^-16,单脉冲星时稳定性的提升也类似.同时发现,综合脉冲星时稳定性在5 yr及以上时间尺度上优于原子钟稳定性,可用于改善当前原子时的长期稳定性.  相似文献   

Drying increases organic colloidal mobilization in the karst vadose zone: Evidence from a 15-year cave-monitoring study     

Jin Liao  Chaoyong Hu  Xiuli Li  Jiaoyang Ruan 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14163

Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems.  相似文献   

南海北部西沙海槽沉积物管状黄铁矿特征及其形成机理^*          下载免费PDF全文

石思思  吴朝东  梁金强  王熠哲  叶云涛  方允鑫  马健  翟俪娜 《古地理学报》2020,22(1):175-192

南海北部西沙海槽S1站位的岩心柱沉积物中广泛发育自生矿物黄铁矿,其形态以管状为主,且具有内部中空的圈层结构。使用扫描电镜、电子探针、LA-ICP-MS、SIMS等测试方法研究了管状黄铁矿的形态及圈层结构,结果显示: (1)管状黄铁矿发育内部中空的圈层结构,其中内圈层(I_py)由莓球状黄铁矿呈五角十二面体紧密堆积组成,外圈层(O_py)由晶形较好晶粒较大的八面体黄铁矿组成,并混有沉积碎屑及钙质生物壳体;(2)内圈层和外圈层分别呈现出贫S富Fe和富S贫Fe的特征,其成因是甲烷渗漏造成的局部还原环境使得As进入黄铁矿中导致晶格空缺或被扭曲,从而促进Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Pb等微量元素的掺入;(3)内圈层、外圈层发生了明显的硫同位素分馏现象,内圈层中 δ³⁴S 平均为-37.8‰,外圈层中 δ³⁴S 平均为-29.3‰。研究认为,管状黄铁矿作为曾经甲烷渗漏的通道,其生长机制可分为3个阶段: (1)气水通道形成阶段: 向上运移的甲烷流体在沉积物孔隙中逐渐形成气水通道;(2)外圈层形成阶段: 当向上运移的甲烷与硫酸盐发生甲烷厌氧氧化时,逐渐形成晶体较大、晶形较好的八面体黄铁矿外圈层;(3)内圈层形成阶段: 随着甲烷浓度逐渐降低,在气水通道中的微生物作用下,剩余甲烷与向下运移的硫酸盐继续反应形成莓球状黄铁矿内圈层。因此,南海北部的泥岩中大量发育的管状黄铁矿常常与地层中甲烷水合物的存在有关。  相似文献   

四川理塘地区二叠—三叠纪硅质岩的地球化学特征及地质意义     

严松涛  谭昌海  秦蒙  李虎  段阳海 《地球学报》2020,41(4):504-514

甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带位于西南"三江"东缘,为义敦—理塘弧盆系的重要组成部分,其内部发育大量不同时代不同类型的硅质岩。本次研究在理塘县理觉公路硅质岩夹层泥岩、泥灰岩中发现含有大量的中二叠—晚二叠世牙形石,在查日查东村附近硅质岩中采获中三叠世放射虫。通过对研究区硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征研究,探讨硅质岩的成因类型及其沉积环境。结果表明,理塘地区硅质岩SiO_2质量分数为66.13%～85.89%, Al_2O_3质量分数为4.69%～7.85%, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值介于0.44～0.73之间, U/Th比值为0.10～0.19,δCe值为1.00～1.63,这些特征共同指示其为生物成因硅质岩。Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)质量比为0.52～0.79, MnO/TiO_2质量比为0.05～0.27,∑REE为(49.26～165.41)×10~(–6),平均为94.37×10~(–6),(La/Yb)N比值为0.78～2.32,(La/Ce)N比值为0.72～1.26,指示其应形成于大陆边缘环境。理塘地区理觉公路和查日查东村二叠—三叠纪大陆边缘型硅质岩的厘定,不仅丰富了甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带的物质组成,也为甘孜—理塘洋盆二叠—三叠纪地质演化提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

Variation behavior of pore-water pressure in warm frozen soil under load and its relation to deformation     

Zhang  Hu  Zhang  Jianming  Zhang  Ze  Zhang  Mingyi  Cao  Wei 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(3):603-614

Acta Geotechnica - Containing a considerable amount of unfrozen water, frozen soil may produce excess pore-water pressure under external load, especially at temperatures near the thawing point. The...  相似文献   

基于波形特征的露天钼矿微震事件的识别分析——以卓资山钼矿为例     

赵艳红  包金哲  王树波  翟浩  魏建民  杨智升  张晖  赵铁锁  苏日亚  王磊  王鑫  贾昕晔  刘芳 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):662-676

基于前人研究成果以及现场的实测结果，采用卓资山露天钼矿微震监测项目产出资料，提取了5类微震事件的波形特征和时频特征。波形特征显示:微地震的振幅、辐射均匀性和频率变化特征表明微地震是由于岩层受到单力偶和剪切力作用破裂而产生；爆破具有P波初动方向向上、S波不易识别的特点，包含“初震段、主震段、尾波段”三段变化形态；小型边坡滑坡波事件属楔体滑坡，是由多个“加速—缓冲—终止”构成，波形是由包络线呈“V”字形的多组脉冲波列组成；机械开采震动事件具有自振能量不变、脉冲幅度相差很大、持续时间间隔不确定的特点；运输车辆波形振幅具有形态“弱—强—弱”、等频率、包络线呈多段纺锤形的特征。时频空间分布可以分为相对独立、界限分明的两类:一类包含微地震、爆破、机械开采、小型边坡滑坡事件，另一类只包含车辆运输事件。  相似文献   

A simplified mathematical model for the dam-breach hydrograph for three reservoir geometries following a sudden full dam break     

Hu  Hui  Zhang  Jianfeng  Li  Tao  Yang  Jie 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1515-1540

Natural Hazards - The prediction of dam-break water flow at dam site is essential to reduce the potential for loss of damage in the downstream floodplain. In this study, the influence of reservoir...  相似文献   

A brief review of ENSO theories and prediction     

Xianghui FANG  Ruihuang XIE 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(4):476-491

Although the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) originates and develops in the equatorial Pacific, it has substantial climatic impacts around the globe. Thus, the ability to effectively simulate and predict ENSO one or more seasons in advance is of great societal importance, but this remains a challenging task. The main obstacles are the diversity, complexity,irregularity, and asymmetry of ENSO. The purpose of this article is to organically integrate the understanding of ENSO based on current progress on the physical mechanisms, prediction, and connections between the interannual ENSO phenomenon and physical processes on other time and space scales, and to provide guidance for future studies by extracting specific important questions.  相似文献   

Simulation of urban expansion based on cellular automata and maximum entropy model     

Zhang  Yihan  Liu  Xiaoping  Chen  Guangliang  Hu  Guohua 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(5):701-712

Urban expansion is a hot topic in land use/land cover change(LUCC) researches. In this paper, maximum entropy model and cellular automata(CA) model are coupled into a new CA model(Maxent-CA) for urban expansion. This model can help to obtain transition rules from single-period dataset. Moreover, it can be constructed and calibrated easily with several steps.Firstly, Maxent-CA model was built by using remote sensing data of China in 2000(basic data) and spatial variables(such as population density and Euclidean distance to cities). Secondly, the proposed model was calibrated by analyzing training samples,neighborhood structure and spatial scale. Finally, this model was verified by comparing logistic regression CA model and their simulation results. Experiments showed that suitable sampling ratio(sampling ratio equals the proportion of urban land in the whole region) and von Neumann neighborhood structure will help to yield better results. Spatial structure of simulation results becomes simple as spatial resolution decreases. Besides, simulation accuracy is significantly affected by spatial resolution.Compared to simulation results of logistic regression CA model, Maxent-CA model can avoid clusters phenomenon and obtain better results matching actual situation. It is found that the proposed model performs well in simulating urban expansion of China. It will be helpful for simulating even larger study area in the background of global environment changes.  相似文献   

Concurrent Determination of U‐Pb Age and REE Mass Fractions of Zircon by High Mass Resolution SIMS     

Yu Liu  Qiu‐Li Li  Guo‐Qiang Tang  Xian‐Hua Li 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):421-437

A combined geochronological and geochemical investigation for the same domain of zircon provides valuable information on timing and genesis, particularly in the case of multi‐growth metamorphic zircon. A high spatial resolution concurrent analytical method for zircon U‐Pb age and rare earth element content was successfully achieved in this study, using a multi‐collector secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) at a ~ 8 μm diameter scale. Special instrument parameters were employed, including a high mass resolution of approximately 15000 applied to replace the previous energy filter method, and a dynamic multi‐collector mode used to reduce the measurement time to 18 min per analysis. Six zircon reference materials yielded precise and accurate ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages, which are comparable to those obtained by the ordinary mono‐collector method, but with 2–3 times higher spatial resolution. All zircon grains measured in this study showed enriched heavy‐REE (HREE) contents consistent with previously reported values determined by LA and solution ICP‐MS methods. The light‐REE (LREE) mass fractions measured using both SIMS and LA‐ICP‐MS methods in this study, although with quite different volume, show consistent results within uncertainties.  相似文献