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GeoJournal - Horticulture plays a pivotal role in the economy of Jammu and Kashmir. Owing to favourable agro-climatic conditions, temperate horticulture is fast expanding in the state which is... 相似文献
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Anthony M. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrmose Christensen Rune Foyn Marie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim Ian Knight Morten Rye-Larsen John Williams 《《幕》》2008,31(1):115-124
Offshore exploration in Norway and Denmark-in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea-has involved drilling about 850 wildcat wells, resulting in about 300 oil and gas finds, of which 84 are fields with production. The recoverable resources of all these finds total about 65 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Almost all these hydrocarbons come from a Jurassic source and the main reservoirs and traps are Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks and Paleocene sandstones or Cretaceous chalks in gentle domes. The article describes four major fields-Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Ormen Lange and SnФhvitto illustrate some of the many challenges in developing and producing the hydrocarbons.
Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland.
As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology. 相似文献
Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland.
As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology. 相似文献
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This paper presents a detailed sediment chemistry investigation of the Manasbal lake, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is one of the high altitude lakes in the Kashmir valley. 22 lake floor sediment samples covering the entire lake were collected and analyzed for textural characteristics, CaCO3, organic matter, TOC, TN contents, C/N ratio, major and trace element chemistry. These analyses were conducted to trace the provenance of the sediments. Textural parameters reveal that the lake sediments consist predominantly clay and silt fractions. The C/N ratio of the sediments indicates a mixed source of TOC, both autochthonous and allochthonous in origin. The log (Fe2O3/K2O) Vs. log (SiO2/ Al2O3) graph of the sediments discriminates the rock types of the catchment area that are Fe-shale, Fe-sand, wacke, shale and litharenite. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) falls between 59.11 to 90.16% and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) between 63.97 to 99.68% and these values are higher than the Post-Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS), indicating moderate to highly chemically weathered lake floor sediments. Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) values (60.74-99.63%) suggests the occurrence of plagioclase feldspars in the lake floor sediments. Geochemical characteristics signify a mixed-nature of provenance of the lake floor sediments due to the tectonic settings of the lake basin in a complex catchment area. 相似文献
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D. Purushotham Mehnaz Rashid Mahjoor Ahmad Lone A. Narsing Rao Shakeel Ahmed E. Nagaiah Farooq A. Dar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(3):385-396
Anthropogenic activities in Maheshwaram watershed have deteriorated water, air and soil quality during the last ten years due to rapid urbanisation and industrial development. Maheshwaram watershed experienced drastic changes in land use pattern, being very close to the Hyderabad city. Base-line data was collected during post monsoon season (October-November) of 2010 in Maheshwaram watershed to assess the impacts of change in land use, urbanisation and industrialisation on air, water and soil quality for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Air samples were analysed for Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM). Groundwater samples were analysed for pH; EC; TDS; TH; cations, anions and heavy metals viz., Fe, Mn, Al, Si, V, Cr, As, Sr, Rb, Se, Ba, Li, B, Be, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysed data were compared with the National and International Standards and subjected to Factor Analysis (FA) for six chemical variables to assess and characterise hydro-chemical processes. A comparison of the results of groundwater samples with WHO and BIS guidelines show that most of the groundwater samples are heavily contaminated with heavy metals like lead, chromium, nickel, barium, aluminium, boron and selenium, which was quantified and presented in the form of spatial variation diagrams prepared using ArcGIS. 9.3.1. Similarly the results of air samples compared with the Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India guidelines show that most of the air samples for residential, rural and industrial areas are contaminated by SPM and RSPM. 相似文献
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Rayees Ahmad Shah Hema Achyuthan Powel Jose Aasif Mohmad Lone Geethanjali K. 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(4):411-417
Earlier studies on the ferricrete of Sriperumbudur Formation were focused on their types of occurrences and mode of formation. However, in the present study, an attempt is made to understand the physico-chemical changes across seven saprolite-ferricrete profiles developed over sedimentary protolith after upliftment to decipher the paleoenvironmental conditions to which the Sriperumbudur Formation was exposed and to understand the processes of ferricretisation. For this purpose, the ferricrete exposures around Sriperumbudur were surveyed and mapped for their occurrences and types of ferricretes, collected samples were examined for various physio-chemical aspects. Geochemical and petrographic studies exhibit a relatively high percentage of iron content. The Fe2O3 content varies from 7.71% to 14.9% followed by the higher concentration of Al2O3 and SiO2 as a result of deep weathering of the Sriperumbudur beds. Other major oxides such as CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, MnO and TiO2 show lower concentrations. The bulk X-ray diffraction of the ferricrete samples shows the occurrence of tourmaline, muscovite and magnetite. SEM analysis of the ferricrete samples exhibits solution channels and pits in the matrix, on the limonite, quartz and magnetite revealing intense chemical weathering. Petrographic studies show the occurrence of quartz in a variety of shapes, sizes and sediment sorting, cemented by iron oxides in varying stages. It also reveals iron oxide mobilization due to the alteration of ferruginous sandstone forming a hard ferricrete crust. Iron oxide cementation is due to leaching and re-cementing from the parent sedimentary rock with subsequent re-deposition of the earlier material taking place in a near shore environment and in wetter conditions after the Sriperumbudur beds were exposed since the lower Cretaceous period. 相似文献
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Journal of Geographical Sciences - Urbanization has caused significant landscape changes in rural areas, leading to the emergence of urbanized landscapes (ULs), which have been generally criticized... 相似文献
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Evaluation of environmental status and geochemical assessment of sediments,Manasbal Lake,Kashmir, India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The present study was conducted on the Manasbal Lake (34°14′N: 74°40′E) to assess the geochemical characteristics of the lake bottom sediments, its environmental implications and its response in the local catchment area. This study tracks the spatial distribution of grain size, geochemical analysis, C/N ratio, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and organic matter (OM) of the lake bottom sediments. It is observed that the clay fraction (49.79%) is predominant in the lake bottom sediments, followed by silt (35.88%) and sand (14.33%) and its spatial distribution is controlled by water depth. Geochemistry and normalized diagrams for the major oxides and trace elements reveal enrichment of CaO, K2O, P2O5, S, Cl, Ni, Zn and Sr. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) reflects low to moderate weathering intensity and near compositional similarity with the bedrock exposed in the catchment area around the lake. Environmental indices (EF, Igeo) suggest that the sediments are enriched in Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Pb followed by Mn content. Pollution load index (PLI) reveal that all the sampling sites reflect low to moderately polluted category except for few stations that are towards the southern and southeastern side of the lake. OM (16.85%), CaCO3 (14.04%) and C/N ratio (15.5) of the lake bottom sediments is attributed to high organic activity within the lake, shell fragments, contributions from the lake flora and fauna adhering to the clayey silty sediments. The C/N ratio of 15.5 suggests a mixed source of organic matter both terrestrially and in situ formation within the lake. Sulphur and chlorine are high amongst the trace elements suggesting anthropogenic detritus input into the lake and this is due to the chemical fertilizers from the agricultural runoff and organic load into the lake. Thus, the present study suggests that in order to preserve the pristine lake ecology and the environment; continued monitoring and restoration efforts need to be undertaken. 相似文献
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Geomorphic investigation of the Late-Quaternary landforms in the southern Zanskar Valley,NW Himalaya
Shubhra Sharma Aadil Hussain Amit K Mishra Aasif Lone Tarun Solanki Mohammad Khatib Khan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(1):9
The Suru, Doda and Zanskar river valleys in the semi-arid region of Southern Zanskar Ranges (SZR) preserve a rich repository of the glacial and fluvial landforms, alluvial fans, and lacustrine deposits. Based on detailed field observations, geomorphic mapping and limited optical ages, we suggest four glaciations of decreasing magnitude in the SZR. The oldest Southern Zanskar Glaciation Stage (SZS-4) is inferred from glacially polished bedrock and tillite pinnacles. The SZS-4 is ascribed to the Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS)-4/3. The subsequent SZS-3 is represented by obliterated and dissected moraines, and is assigned to MIS-2/Last Glacial Maximum. The multiple recessional moraines of SZS-2 glaciation are assigned the early to mid Holocene age whereas, the youngest SZS-1 moraines were deposited during the Little Ice Age. We suggest that during the SZS-2 glaciation, the Drang-Drung glacier shifted its course from Suru Valley (west) to the Doda Valley (east). The study area has preserved three generations of outwash gravel terraces, which broadly correlate with the phases of deglaciation associated with SZS-3, 2, and 1. The alluvial fan aggradation, lacustrine sedimentation, and loess deposition occurred during the mid-to-late Holocene. We suggest that glaciation was driven by a combination of the mid-latitude westerlies and the Indian Summer Monsoon during periods of cooler temperature, while phases of deglaciation occurred during enhanced temperature. 相似文献