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1.
Mina NasrPaul A. Arp 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(11):1905-1917
This article summarizes trends in total Hg concentrations (THg) in fungal fruiting bodies (basidiomata) and their underlying soil substrates in the absence and presence of surrounding moss layers. Three forest locations across south-western New Brunswick spanning from a central mainland location to Grand Manan Island in the Bay of Fundy were chosen for the study. Geographic location had an effect on THg in the soil layers and in the basidiomata (THg on island > THg along the mainland coast > THg mainland) but this effect was weak and probably obscured by the large THg variations within the basidiomata and their soil and moss substrates at each location. Within the soil, THg increased with increasing total organic S (TS) and C (TC) concentrations, and depended on type of moss cover if present. Within the mosses, THg varied by species, by moss-internal TS, and by THg and TS within the underlying soil. Basidiomatal THg also varied strongly by species, and was further affected by: (i) developmental stage, from emergence to senescence, (ii) cap versus stalk, (iii) basidiomatal TS, and (iv) soil THg, TS and TC. These variations and their interdependencies were explored and quantified by way of multiple regression analyses. Basidiomatal bioconcentration of soil THg (F layer) varied strongly by species as well. Basidiomatal Hg extraction from the soil was estimated to be small in terms of reducing the accumulated Hg loads within the soil, but represents a re-entry point of Hg into the local food chain. 相似文献
2.
利用卫星、雷达和加密自动站等监测资料,结合VDRAS系统资料和1°×1° NCEP再分析资料,对造成黑昼和暴雨的中尺度对流系统的空间、热动力结构特征和发生、发展及维持原因进行了分析。结果表明:2004—2009年渤海西岸圆形α-中尺度对流系统有别于南方,其中只有16%可发展为中尺度复合体;黑昼现象是影响系统的特殊性所致。突发性暴雨的制造者是α-中尺度对流系统西端不断新生的β-中尺度对流系统,其发生、发展、维持与边界层内冷池外流、对流层低层 (1.3~2.4 km) 侵入的西北气流与西南气流形成的辐合线或交汇线有密切关系。α-中尺度对流系统的上升速度中心在500 hPa附近,多个β-中尺度对流系统分别具有独自的垂直气流和弱边界层环流。α-中尺度对流系统内部扰动温度呈下负上正的垂直分布,促使了不稳定层结趋于稳定;冷池呈东厚西薄的楔形结构,有利于β-中尺度对流系统发展维持。 相似文献
3.
Atsuko NONOMURA Shuichi HASEGAWA Hideo MATSUMOTO Mari TAKAHASHI Mina MASUMOTO Kazuhito FUJISAWA 《山地科学学报》2019,(1)
To mitigate the damage caused by debris flows resulting from heavy precipitation and to aid in evacuation plan preparation, areas at risk should be mapped on a scale appropriate for affected individuals and communities. We tested the effectiveness of simply identifying debris-flow hazards through automated derivation of surface curvatures using LiDAR digital elevation models. We achieved useful correspondence between plan curvatures and areas of existing debris-flow damage in two localities in Japan using the analysis of digital elevation models(DEMs). We found that plan curvatures derived from 10 m DEMs may be useful to indicate areas that are susceptible to debris flow in mountainous areas. In residential areas located on gentle sloping debris flow fans, the greatest damage to houses was found to be located in the elongated depressions that are connected to mountain stream valleys. Plan curvaturederived from 5 m DEM was the most sensitive indicators for susceptibility to debris flows. 相似文献
4.
This study considered the possibility of using visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectral absorption feature parameters (SAFPs) in predicting the concentration and mapping the distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Takab area. In total, 60 sediment samples were collected along main streams draining from the mining districts and tailing sites, in order to measure the concentration of As, Co, V, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, Ti, Pb and Zn and the reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm). The quantitative relationship between SAFPs (Depth500nm, R610/500nm, R1344/778nm, Area500nm, Depth2200nm, Area2200nm, Asym2200nm) and geochemical data were assessed using stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and enter multiple linear regression (EMLR) methods. The results showed a strong negative correlation between Ni and Cr with Area2200nm, a significant positive correlation between As and Asym2200nm, Ni and Co with Depth2200nm, as well as Co, V and total values with Depth500nm. The EMLR method eventuated in a significant prediction result for Ni, Cr, Co and As concentrations based on spectral parameters, whereas the prediction for Zn, V and total value was relatively weak. The spatial distribution pattern of geochemical data showed that mining activities, along with the natural weathering of base metal occurrences and rock units, has caused high concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of the Sarough River tributaries. 相似文献
5.
Mina Moradizadeh Mehdi Momeni Mohammad R. Saradjian 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(5):1891-1897
Atmospheric water vapor validation needs simultaneous, well-defined, and independent information which are not easily available causing limitations in the development of remote sensing water vapor retrieval algorithms. This study is concerned with the retrieval of total atmospheric water vapor content and its validation. A band ratio method has been used to estimate the water vapor content based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Near InfraRed (NIR) data. The method uses MODIS bands 17, 18, and 19 as NIR bands and band 2 to remove the land cover reflectance. Furthermore, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) has been used for both algorithm development and analysis of the results. The method has been modified to take into account the dry condition of the central parts of Iran. Using some various datasets, the method is implemented and evaluated quantitatively. The validation of the water vapor estimates has been undertaken by an analysis of AIRS data. The validation results shows error as low as 9 % for the estimated water vapor using the MODIS NIR band ratio method. 相似文献
6.
Environmental geochemistry of Zarshuran Au-As deposit, NW Iran 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Zarshuran deposit is the most famous and important As-Au mine in Iran. However, there is no information on the impact of mining activity on the surrounding environment, especially on water systems. This paper attempts to document the concentration of arsenic and associated elements in waters and sediments resulting from the mining history of Zarshuran, a period covering hundreds of years. Water and sediment samples collected from Zarshuran Stream indicate high content of some potentially toxic elements, especially of As which ranges from 0.028 to 40 ng/l in water and 182 to 36,000 mg/kg in sediment samples. Mining activity, exposure of a large volume of mining wastes to weathering, and the anomalously high background of trace metals in the mining area are considered to be the main sources of heavy metal pollution. 相似文献
7.
Milan Rieder Miroslav Huka Dagmar Kučerová Luděk Minařík Jiří Obermajer Pavel Povondra 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1970,27(2):131-158
Compositions of natural lithium-iron micas are approximated best by the sidero-phyllite-polylithionite join. These micas contain little or no magnesium and manganese. Their octahedral sheets contain close to two trivalent cations (mainly aluminum) in small crystallographic sites and a variable quantity of lithium and R+2 (mainly iron) in large sites. Octahedral vacancies are situated mostly in large sites. Lithium and R+2 approach a 44 replacement relationship in micas with octahedral occupancy close to six. Lithium and fluorine show a good positive correlation (small excess of fluorine over lithium), which indicates a crystallochemical association between them. There is a less distinct positive correlation between lithium and R+4.Based on simplifications, a calculation shows that about two-thirds of octahedral vacancies are caused by substitutions within the octahedral sheet, one-third, by tetrahedral substitutions. Different methods of calculating the crystallochemical formula yield slightly different numbers of octahedral vacancies, but do not affect the mica's position in plots of physical parameters against composition. If a crystallochemical formula is calculated from analysis of a mica contaminated with quartz, topaz, or feldspar, the apparent number of octahedral vacancies increases; such a formula exhibits unusual behavior in composition plots. 相似文献
8.
Nisael A. Solano Mohammad Soroush Chris R. Clarkson Federico F. Krause Jerry L. Jensen 《Computational Geosciences》2017,21(3):567-593
A high-resolution simulation model of a heterogeneous low-permeability rock sample is used to investigate the effects of physical and biogenic sedimentary structures on scaling and anisotropy of absolute permeability at the core scale. Several simulation sub-samples with random locations and volumes were also selected for evaluation of the effects of scale and lithological composition on the calculated permeability. Vertical and horizontal permeability values (from whole core simulation) are in good agreement with routine core analysis (RCA) measurements from offsetting cores. Despite relatively good reservoir quality associated with geobodies of biogenic and relic bedding structures, results from the full diameter core simulation demonstrate that their limited volumetric abundance and restricted connectivity prevent these features from controlling fluid flow in these rocks. In fact, permeability seems to be dominated by the tighter encasing matrix, which exhibits average permeability values very close to those reported from RCA. Geometric averaging offers a better representation for the upscaling of horizontal permeability datasets; whereas, both geometric and harmonic averaging work similarly well for the vertical measurements. The methodology used in this work is particularly applicable to the detailed characterization of reservoir rocks with a high degree of heterogeneity caused by biological reworking and diagenesis. 相似文献
9.
Natural Hazards - One of the requirements for planning and decision-making to develop the infrastructures is to prepare the landslide occurrence hazard map. For this purpose, in this article, the... 相似文献
10.
利用地面和高空、卫星TBB、多普勒雷达和GFS(0.5°×0.5°)逐6 h再分析等资料,对2011年6月10日江西省西北部一次短历时暖区暴雨中尺度结构及发生维持机制进行分析。结果表明:1)此次过程是在有利的高、低空系统配置下发生在梅雨锋南侧的暖区暴雨,边界层急流和低空急流提供了充足的水汽条件,增强低层热力不稳定;高空分流区使大气动力不稳定发展,高低空急流的耦合作用为MCS维持提供了必备的不稳定机制;中低层热力不稳定,中高层对称不稳定,形成此次对流性强降水。2)地面中尺度辐合线、非锋性斜压带、能量锋的抬升作用为MCS生成和发展提够了启动机制。3)低层强盛的水汽输送、层结不稳定和地面持续而强的中尺度抬升使得多个雷暴单体在江西省西北部连续传播,形成"列车效应",降水强而集中。4)在水汽和不稳定条件具备的情况下,暖区对流性强降水发生在强低层辐合与强高层辐散相重迭的区域。 相似文献