Effects of soil–plant-biochar interactions on water retention and slope stability under various rainfall patterns     

NG  Charles Wang Wai  GUO  Haowen  NI  Junjun  ZHANG  Qi  CHEN  Zhongkui 《Landslides》2022,19(6):1379-1390

Landslides - Due to climate change, extreme rainfalls happen more frequently with different patterns. Biochar and plant roots can affect soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hence slope stability....  相似文献   

基于GIS的人防工程管理信息系统的设计与实现     

黄平  邓世赞 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(2):106-109

以长沙市为例,结合人防工程特点及人防管理需要,以全面提升对人防工程平时的管理能力和战时的效能发挥为目标,设计了基于GIS的人防工程管理信息系统,建立了系统总体架构,实现了系统功能。实践表明,该系统实现了人防工程在规划布局、建设管理、平战转换、维护使用等方面的支撑保障作用。  相似文献   

Characterization of Galena and Vein Paragenesis in the Penjom Gold Mine, Malaysia: Trace Elements, Lead Isotope Study and Relationship to Gold Mineralization Episodes     

Zakaria ENDUT  NG Tham Fatt  Jasmi Hafiz ABDUL AZIZ  Sebastien MEFFRE  Charles MAKOUNDI 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):1914-1925

The Penjom Gold Mine is located 30 km from the Bentong-Raub Suture at the western boundary of the Central Belt in Peninsular Malaysia. Gold mineralization hosted within the vein system is associated with pyrite, arsenopyrite, and minor base metals including galena. Trace element and lead isotope analysis was undertaken on nine samples that represent two stages of galena formed during two tectonic events. Both the Pb isotopes and the trace elements show that the first stage galena within the mineralized areas at the footwall has different geochemical characteristics compared with galena in non mineralized areas in the hanging wall, suggesting that galena crystallized from two different ore fluids and probably at two different times. Higher Te, Se and Bi in the galena from the mineralized area may indicate hydrothermal fluids that migrate through the structural conduit and leached out the metal along the pathway that consist of dominant carbonaceous unit. The Pb isotopic ratio composition are transitional between the bulk crustal growth and an upper crustal growth curve, indicating that derivation was from arc rocks associated with continental crust or a crustal source that includes arc volcanic and old continental sedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

地层错动引起的上覆饱和黏土层变形特性的离心试验研究     

骆冠勇  蔡奇鹏  吴宏伟 《岩土力学》2012,33(10):2985-2990

地震断层错动会引起上覆土层变形,从而造成断层附近的建筑结构、管线产生附加的变形和内力引起破坏。通过一个土工离心机试验分析上覆饱和黏土层在4步连续断层错动作用下的静力响应行为。着重分析断层错动引起的地层变形的范围、不均匀沉降区的分布特点、剪切裂缝在土层传播路径及地表开裂的位置等工程上重点关注的问题。得到以下几点认识：(1) 基岩断层错动引起的地层变形范围基本上不受基岩错动量大小的影响。(2) 断层错动引起地层的不均匀沉降区基本呈三角形分布,其地表宽度约为1倍左右的土层厚度。(3) 基岩错动引起的主剪切裂缝基本沿竖直方向向上传播,其传播距离取决于基岩错动量及土体的破坏应变。(4) 基岩断层错动在主剪区的下盘一侧边缘会产生张拉裂缝,且产生张拉裂缝所需基岩错动量远小于产生剪切裂缝所需的错动量。  相似文献   

一种装配式新型张力计的研制     

陈锐  刘坚  吴宏伟  乔吉力 《岩土力学》2013,34(10):3028-3032

土体干湿过程引发的岩土工程问题已逐渐受到重视。通常采用张力计量测80 kPa以内的土体吸力,并将其应用于边坡失稳等岩土工程问题的分析中。然而,传统张力计由于内部腔体体积过大且结构复杂,造成张力计难以饱和,吸力量测时反应时间长,并易发生汽化,严重影响其可靠性和灵敏性。为弥补传统张力计的设计缺陷,提出了一种装配式新型张力计。该张力计内腔结构简单且体积小。饱和前先拆分张力计再分别饱和其主要部件,最后重新装配。此设计简化了饱和程序并提高了效率。通过对比传统张力计和新型张力计的性能,证实了新型张力计具有更强的汽化持久性,其吸力量测的灵敏性和可靠性得到了显著的提高。标定试验表明,相比于传统张力计,新型张力计的灵敏性提高了90%。测量-80 kPa的孔隙水压力时,新型张力计的平衡时间为1.5 min,仅占传统张力计反应时间的10%。相同的测量条件下,传统张力计的测量误差为30%,而新型张力计的测量误差仅为0.7%。  相似文献   

Effects of hedgerows on sediment erosion in Three Gorges Dam Area, China   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

Chong-Feng BU  Qiang-Guo GAI  Sai-Leung NG  Kwai-Cheong CHAU  Shu-Wen DING 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(2):119-129

The Three Gorges Dam Area refers to the river section from Chongqing to Yichang on the Yangtze River, which has a drainage area of 75,098 km^2, and involves 19 cities and counties. Contour hedgerows have been used in this area to control soil erosion and to improve hillslope stability in the catchment of this river section. Five experimental hedgerow plots were established in 1994 in order to study the effects of hedgerows on erosion control. During the period of 1994-1997, runoff and soil loss data were collected on these test plots, including the chemical and physical properties of soil and related topographical data. The results indicate that： （1） after 4 years of cultivation and crop planting, soil fertility increased dramatically in the hedgerow plots. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents in the hedgerow plots were 5-9 times higher than that in the control plot. In each of the hedgerow plots, soil structure became more stable, the quantity of granules larger than 0.02 mm increased and those finer than 0.02 mm decreased; （2） All hedgerow plots showed a major effect on reducing soil loss and surface runoff; （3） Overland flow velocity along the upper portion of the hedgerow plots was greatly reduced due to hedgerow resistance, which explains the significant decrease in soil losses in hedgerow plots, despite the fact that the hedgerow plots and the control plots had the same total runoff.  相似文献   

沟道流域坡面与沟谷侵蚀演化关系——以晋西王家沟小流域为例   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

陈浩  Y.Tsui  蔡强国  L.G.Tham  胡文生  Z.Q.Yue  黄建国 《地理研究》2004,23(3):329-338

以往坡、沟侵蚀关系研究主要限于水沙关系的探讨 ,有关原型尺度小流域坡、沟地貌侵蚀演化关系的定量研究甚少 ,尤其是坡、沟地貌特征对流域切割程度的综合影响与交互作用的定量研究尚属空白。本文在 3S技术支持下 ,根据晋西王家沟小流域 196 7年 1∶5 0 0 0正摄影像图 (DOM )、高程数字化模型 (DEM )和同期、同比例尺地形图 ,利用正交多项式回归分析方法 ,定量分析了坡、沟地貌特征对流域切割程度的影响与交互作用。研究表明 ,沟谷地在流域地貌演化及地表切割程度中起主导作用 ,在沟间地面积相同时 ,沟谷地面积约为0 1km2 是影响流域切割裂度侵蚀演化强度最大的区域 ,流域面积愈小影响流域地表破碎的程度最大。其沟道流域坡、沟地貌演化机制可用坡、沟水流动能的地貌指标的综合影响与交互作用来解释  相似文献   

泄滩滑坡碎块石土饱和与非饱和水力学参数的现场试验研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

魏进兵  邓建辉  谭国焕  李焯芬 《岩土力学》2007,28(2):327-330

碎块石土由于块石含量较高,块石粒径较大,其水力学参数的确定具有一定困难。首先,采用双套环法对三峡库区泄滩滑坡的滑体碎块石土饱和渗透系数进行了原位试验,并根据土层孔隙率、颗粒级配等因素采用相关经验公式对试验结果进行了分析。其次,结合使用张力计和体积含水率仪对其土水特征曲线进行了现场模拟试验,并采用Fredlund模型对试验结果进行了拟合分析。最后,根据土水特征曲线和饱和渗透系数,采用经验公式估算了其非饱和渗透系数。试验及分析表明,该滑坡的碎块石土层的饱和渗透系数为(1.78～3.2)×10-2 cm/s,为强渗透性;材料的细颗粒含量越少,有效粒径及控制粒径越大,不均匀系数越小,相应的渗透系数越大。相关研究成果可以为泄滩滑坡非饱和非稳定渗透计算提供参数依据,并对同类型土体非饱和水力学参数的确定具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Displacement‐controlled method and its applications to material non‐linearity     

H. Zheng  D. F. Liu  C. F. Lee  L. G. Tham 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(3):209-226

For the analysis of non‐linear problems, the displacement‐controlled method (DCM) has a more extensive application scope and more powerful abilities than the load‐controlled method (LCM). However, difficulties of the DCM's procedure not amenable to most finite element implementations of the conventional LCM have restricted its applications in geomechanics. By means of Sherman–Morrison's theorem, the solution of DCM is improved. The improved procedure is characterized by high efficiency, good numerical stability and a programme structure similar to LCM. Two aspects of applications of DCM are illustrated. The first application is to compute the response of a structure under a given load level like the conventional finite element analysis. The second application is to trace the equilibrium path of a structure under a given load distribution type. A simple but effective algorithm is presented for automatically adjusting the step length in tracing the equilibrium path. Examples illustrate that the proposed procedures are suited for modelling complicated non‐linear problems in geomechanics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Numerical Study on the Structure and Dynamics of Turbulence in Oscillatory Bottom Layer Flow over A Flat or Rippled Bed     

白玉川  吴朝安黄涛 《中国海洋工程》2006,20(1):45-60

1 .IntroductionUnder the influence of surface waves ,sandripples often appear on beaches . Whenthe amplitudeof water oscillationis sufficientlylarge ,vortices are formed onthe lee of every sand ripple crest . A-mongthese vortices ,the most important are t…  相似文献