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An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.7 $(\text{ M}_{\mathrm{L}})$ has struck Simav, Kutahya located in the western part of Turkey on May 19, 2011. The ground motion caused observable damage within 25 km radius from the epicenter. Although the earthquake is moderate, its effects on the structures are serious. This paper presents the observations on seismic damages of reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures. Common reasons of damage in RC buildings are: low quality of concrete, detailing mistakes of reinforcement, short column, pounding, overhangs and misconstructed gable and outer infill wall parts. Interesting cases related to these deficiencies are reported. Damages in the masonry buildings are due to lack of connection between orthogonal walls and unsuitable location and dimension of openings. The damages at structures are more noticeable at regions with unfavorable soil conditions like plain regions or foothills. However, on stiffer soils at hilly sides, the damages seem to be more limited and masonry structures are observed to be less affected compared to the RC ones. The damages in RC buildings found to be increasing with story number for light damage states. However, for heavier damage states, 4–5 story buildings are observed to be the most damaged. 相似文献
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Selahattin Kadir A. Piril Önen-Hall S. Nihal Aydin Cengiz Yakicier Nurten Akarsu Murat Tuncer 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(2):391-409
The Cretaceous-Eocene volcano-sedimentary units of the Zonguldak region of the western Black Sea consist of subalkaline andesite
and tuff, and sandstone dominated by smectite, kaolinite, accessory chlorite, illite, mordenite, and analcime associated with
feldspar, quartz, opal-CT, amphibole, and calcite. Kaolinization, chloritization, sericitization, albitization, Fe–Ti-oxidation,
and the presence of zeolite, epidote, and illite in andesitic rocks and tuffaceous materials developed as a result of the
degradation of a glass shards matrix, enclosed feldspar, and clinopyroxene-type phenocrysts, due to alteration processes.
The association of feldspar and glass with smectite and kaolinite, and the suborientation of feldspar-edged, subparallel kaolinite
plates to fracture axes may exhibit an authigenic smectite or kaolinite. Increased alteration degree upward in which Al, Fe,
and Ti are gained, and Si, Na, K, and Ca are depleted, is due to the alteration following possible diagenesis and hydrothermal
activities. Micromorphologically, fibrous mordenite in the altered units and the presence of needle-type chrysotile in the
residential buildings in which cancer cases lived were detected. In addition, the segregation pattern of cancer susceptibility
in the region strongly suggested an environmental effect and a genetic influence on the increased cancer incidence in the
region. The most likely diagnosis was Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is one of the hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes;
however, no mutations were observed in the p53 gene, which is the major cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The micromorphology
observed in the altered units in which cancer cases were detected may have a role in the expression of an unidentified gene,
but does not explain alone the occurrence of cancer as a primary cause in the region. 相似文献
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Seventeen coudé spectrograms (dispersion 20 A mm–1) of the Lyrae-type eclipsing binary V 367 Cygni (P=18.6 d) have been studied. The observations were made at the Haute Provence Observatory during a period of almost two years (May 1973–March 1975). An anomalous behavior for the radial velocities of the spectrograms taken during one cycle (406) was observed; it is suggested that gas eruption under form of prominences may explain it. The spectrum is dominated by shell lines very similar to those present in the spectrum of the supergiant A9 Ia Aurigae. The underlying stellar spectrum is classified as A5 I on the basis of the intensity of the sole clearly visible stellar line, 4481 MgII, of the wings of the stellar Balmer lines, and an estimate of the intensity of the stellarK line. The radial velocity curves for the shell lines of CaII, HI, metallic ions and neutral iron, as well as the phase dependence of the microturbulence, indicate stratification in the shell. 相似文献
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The spectrum of the peculiar O9 star HD 93521 is studied and compared with those of the standard stars 10 Lac and AE Aur. Several possibilities are examined which might explain the high galactic latitude of this star, corresponding toz>750 pc and its slight helium excess. It is suggested that HD 93521 is a runaway binary system composed of the O9 star plus a neutron star left over from a supernova explosion. 相似文献
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Hayri Baytan Ozmen Mehmet Inel Erdal Akyol Bayram Tanık Cayci Hayri Un 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):63-84
An earthquake has struck Simav, Kutahya, located in the western part of Turkey on May 19, 2011. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the regional damage data and detailed investigation on a set of selected reinforced concrete buildings in Simav county center. The soil properties in Simav are examined in detail using multi-channel analysis of surface wave measurements, boreholes and laboratory test data. The damages are observed to be independent of soil conditions being hilly or plain, both in regional and Simav county center level. However, a slight relation is observed: as the soil period increases, so does the damage. The most damaged buildings are the four story buildings, resembling the case after some other earthquakes in Turkey. Regarding the detailed numerical evaluations on the building set, the properties highly correlated with seismic damage are investigated. Based on the obtained findings, it is concluded that the global building properties may not be enough to establish a strong relation with damage due to the local damages at the structural member level, especially for smaller seismic events. 相似文献
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Single and binary adsorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution using the clay mineral beidellite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Beidellite, a low-cost, locally available and natural mineral was used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead and cadmium
ions from aqueous solutions in batch experiments. The kinetics of adsorption process was tested for the pseudo first-order,
pseudo second-order reaction and intra-particle diffusion models. The rate constants of adsorption for all these kinetic models
were calculated. Comparison amongst the models showed that the sorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo second-order
model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data for different temperatures.
The adsorption capacities (Q°) of beidellite for lead and cadmium ions were calculated from the Langmuir isotherm. It was found that adsorption capacity
was in the range of 83.3–86.9 for lead and 42–45.6 mg/g for cadmium at different temperatures. Thermodynamic studies showed
that the metal uptake reaction by beidellite was endothermic in nature. Binary metal adsorption studies were also conducted
to investigate the interactions and competitive effects in binary adsorption process. Based on the optimum parameters found,
beidellite can be used as adsorbent for metal removal processes. 相似文献