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Geotectonics - Generation and interpretation of geomorphometric maps through remote sensing and GIS techniques are significant platforms for the investigations of neotectonics. This investigation... 相似文献
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Muhammad Ali Salman Tariq Khalid Mahmood Asim Daud Adila Batool Zia-ul-Haq 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(2):153-162
It is well established that aerosols affect the climate in a variety of ways. In order to understand these effects, we require an insight into the properties of aerosols. In this paper we present a study of aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) over mega city of Lahore (Pakistan). The data from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) have been used for the period December 2009 to October 2011. The seasonal average values of AOD, asymmetry parameter (ASY) and volume size distribution in coarse mode were observed to be highest in summer. On the other hand, the average values of Angstrom exponent (AE) and imaginary part of refractive index (RI) were found to be maximum in winter. The average value of real part of RI was found to be higher in spring than in all other seasons. The SSA exhibited an increasing trend with wavelength in the range 440 nm–1020 nm in spring, summer and fall indicating the dominance of coarse particles (usually dust). However, a decreasing trend was found in winter in the range 675 nm–1020 nm pointing towards the dominance of biomass and urban/industrial aerosols. As far as aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) is concerned, we have found that during the spring season ARF was lowest at the surface of Earth and highest at top of the atmosphere (TOA). This indicates that the atmosphere was warmer in spring than in all the remaining seasons. 相似文献
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Linear and nonlinear propagation of dust drift waves are investigated in the presence of Cairns and Kappa distributed ion population and Boltzmannian electrons. It is found the frequency of the dust drift wave is greatest for the Cairns, intermediate for Kappa and the least for the Maxwellian distributed ions. Using the drift approximation, a nonlinear equation is derived for the dust drift shock waves which reduces to a Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB)-like equation in the comoving frame of reference. The solution of the KdVB-like equation is obtained using the tanh method. It is found that the non-Maxwellian ion population, dust neutral collision frequency as well as the inverse dust density scale length inhomogeneity alter the propagation characteristics of the nonlinear dust drift shock waves. Interestingly, it is found that the non-Maxwellian ion population modifies the scale lengths over which the nonlinear structures are formed. The work presented here may be useful to understand the low frequency electrostatic shock waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasmas such as those found in planetary environments. 相似文献
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为探究绿洲城市道路积尘重金属污染风险,在新疆库尔勒市采集54个代表性道路积尘样品,分析其中Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr和Cu等6种元素含量,基于GIS技术与地学统计法,采用污染负荷指数法和US EPA健康风险评价模型,对道路积尘中重金属污染及潜在健康风险进行评价。结果表明：库尔勒市道路积尘中Hg、Cd、As、Pb和Cu等元素含量的平均值均小于土壤环境质量—建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（GB 36600—2018）中的筛选值,但Cr元素含量平均值为相应筛选值的9.90倍。污染评价结果表明,研究区道路积尘中Cr呈现重度污染,Hg、Cd、As、Pb和Cu呈无污染。道路积尘中重金属元素的污染负荷指数介于0.0142~0.0522,平均值为0.0266,处于无污染水平。从道路积尘重金属污染空间分布格局来看,库尔勒市东北部和北部区域出现污染高值区。健康风险评估结果表明,经手-口摄入途径是库尔勒市道路积尘重金属日均暴露量及健康风险的主要途径,儿童受到的健康风险高于成人。库尔勒市道路积尘中Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr与Cu等元素的非致癌风险及致癌风险处于安全范围内,As对非致癌风险的贡献最大,Cr对致癌风险的贡献最大。 相似文献
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Mohammad Rezwanul Islam Syeda Fahliza Begum Yasushi Yamaguchi Katsuro Ogawa 《水文研究》1999,13(17):2907-2923
Every year the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh transport 316 and 721 million tonnes of sediment, respectively. These high loads of suspended sediment reflect the very high rate of denudation in their drainage basins. The average mechanical denudation rate for the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins together is 365 mm 103 yr−1. However, the rate is higher in the Brahmaputra Basin than that in the Ganges Basin. Several factors, including mean trunk channel gradient, relief ratio, runoff, basin lithology and recurring earthquakes are responsible for these high denudation rates. Of the total suspended sediment load (i.e. 1037 million tonnes) transported by these rivers, only 525 million tonnes (c. 51% of the total load) are delivered to the coastal area of Bangladesh and the remaining 512 million tonnes are deposited within the lower basin, offsetting the subsidence. Of the deposited load, about 289 million tonnes (about 28% of the total load) are deposited on the floodplains of these rivers. The remaining 223 million tonnes (about 21% of the total load) are deposited within the river channels, resulting in aggradation of the channel bed at an average rate of about 3·9 cm yr−1. Although the Brahmaputra transports a higher sediment load than the Ganges, the channel bed aggradation rate is much higher for the Ganges. This study also documents a wide range of interannual, seasonal and daily variation in suspended sediment transport and water discharge. Interannual variation in sediment deposition within the basin is also suggested. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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S. S. Batool S. Hassan Z. Imran K. Rasool M. Ahmad M. A. Rafiq 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(6):1497-1504
Two different phases of bismuth silicate nanofibers [Bi2SiO5 and Bi4(SiO4)3] were synthesized using electrospinning technique. BS nanofibers were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and safranin O dyes. Different phases of BS affect the photodegradation efficiency of nanofibers. Impressive enhancement in photocatalytic efficiency and BET surface area of Bi4(SiO4)3 was observed over Bi2SiO5. A speedy reduction in dyes concentration was attributed to the rapid formation of oxygenated radicals by the capture of electrons and holes, generated in the BS nanofiber by UV irradiation. Therefore, the photocatalytic mechanism was elucidated using impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. The lower impedance value of Bi4(SiO4)3 nanofibers had improved high-efficiency charge transfer capability. The cycling efficiency (30 times) and recovery characteristics pointed out that Bi4(SiO4)3 nanofibers photocatalysts had high constancy, resilience, and regeneration ability. 相似文献
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为了解高寒草原羊茅群落植物生态位特征,运用Levins生态宽度指数和Cowell生态位相似性比例,对巴音布鲁克羊茅群落植物生态位宽度及生态位相似性比例进行计算.结果表明:9种植物4个资源维上羊茅的生态位宽度最大,其次为黄花棘豆、委陵菜,说明羊茅对环境的适应能力最强.生态位宽度较大的羊茅和紫花针茅与其他物种生态位相似性比例最高,说明羊茅和紫花针茅与其他物种存在着较大的资源竞争.而生态位较小的物种与其他物种生态位相似性比例较小.放牧使得羊茅群落内物种发生变化,在放牧压力持续增大的情况下,以羊茅和紫花针茅为优势种群的草原将向以黄花棘豆和委陵菜占优的退化方向演替. 相似文献
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Ali Syeda Maria Khalid Bushra Akhter Asma Islam Aneeza Adnan Shahzada 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):2533-2559
Natural Hazards - Frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are immensely changing throughout the world. This study aims to give insight into the changing climatic patterns leading to... 相似文献
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Shahid Naseem Pazeer Ahmed Syeda Sadia Shamim Erum Bashir 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1831-1838
This paper is an attempt to study the geochemistry of Akra Kaur Dam (AKD) water, north of Gwadar city, southern Balochistan. Representative water samples were collected from AKD reservoir to assess the suitability of water for drinking and agriculture purposes. The major ionic composition is suggestive for freshwater. The average ionic composition demonstrate SO4 > Ca > Na > Cl > HCO3 > Mg > K. The plots on Piper diagram reflected Ca–Mg–SO4 type of water facies. High Ca/SO4 and Ca/Mg ratios revealed that the water has influence of gypsum dissolution. The negative ratio of chloro-alkaline indices indicated reverse exchange between Ca and Mg in water occurred with Na and K in rocks. The pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl and SO4 concentrations in the dam water were below the permissible limit, however, Na and SO4 were above the desirable limit, set by the World Health Organization. Important parameters such as residue sodium carbonate, sodium percent, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index, magnesium content and Kelley’s ratio were calculated to evaluate the suitability of water for irrigation purpose. The result were compared with standard permissible limits and found satisfactory. The health and agriculture hazards of sulphate-bearing water were also discussed. 相似文献